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5/ LOUIS HARMAN PEET 


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MANHATTAN PRESS 
476 West Broadway New York 



LIBRARY of aONGRESS 
Two Copies rieceivoU 

MAR 22 iyU5 

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Copyright, 1903. by 
Louis Harman Peet 



Thb Greenwich Press 

[86-^90 West Fourth Street 

New York 



Wo 



CAROLINE NORTHUP PEET 

AND 

CYNTHIA GENEVA PERKINS 



PREFACE. 

The very cordial welcome given to my guide to the 
trees and shrubs of Prospect Park has induced me to 
publish a similar handbook for the Central Park of 
this city. 

The purpose of this book is to put within reach of 
the non-technical city nature lover a handy means of 
identifying the trees and shrubs which he meets in his 
park rambles. This identification once effected adds 
immeasurable enjoyment to these rambles. It is 
exasperating to walk the park paths and see the 
handsome shrubs and trees and not know what 
they are. Many of them are of foreign character and, 
although the rambler may know the native species, 
when these unusual foreign forms confront him he 
cannot recognize them, for they are seldom given in 
the popular handbooks. He has not time, nor 
opportunity, nor the knowledge, it may be, to hunt 
them out in the larger botanical works. It is the 
aim of this book to supply this want. 

Its plan is simple and direct. Identification is 
effected largely by locating the trees or shrubs, as they 



Vlll 



are passed, by maps and by descriptions in the text 
which point out enough of the salient features of each 
tree or shrub to make the identification sure. Of 
course, in using this book, it must be borne in mind 
that it would be utterly impossible to locate on the 
maps every tree and shrub passed along the walks. 
This would result only in a mass of black spots from 
which it would be impossible to distinguish anything. 
It was therefore thought best to locate some of the 
representative types clearly and distinctly rather than 
to attempt to locate all from which none could be 
definitely found. Try to find shrubs or trees on the 
maps at easily distinguishable points and work from 
these to others, verifying, as you go along, by the 
descriptive text. If you find you have not judged 
the distance rightly, the descriptive text should act as 
a guide to set you right. 

The best results, in the use of this handbook, will 
be obtained if the rambler will follow up the identifi- 
cation effected by it, with a more extended study of 
each tree or shrub, pursuing the details of leaf, 
flower, bark and bud in botanical text books or 
larger works of reference, such as cyclopedias on 
horticulture. 

For these more extended studies, I strongly recom- 
mend Gray's "Field, Forest, and Garden Botany," 
revised by Prof. L. H. Bailey; Keeler's "Our Native 
Trees" and "Our Northern Shrubs"; Apgar's "Trees 
of the Northern United States"; Dame and Brooks's 
"Handbook of the Trees of New England." Any of 



IX 



these will make a good field book to take with you on 
your rambles. Of the larger works, for reference, the 
following are of great practical value: Bailey's "Cy- 
clopedia of Horticulture"; Loudon's "Cyclopedia of 
Trees"; Britton and Brown's "Flora of the North- 
eastern United States"; and Emerson's "Report on 
the Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts." These can 
be consulted in any good-sized library. 

In the preparation and completion of this book I 
wish to express, with considerable emphasis, my 
acknowledgment of the courtesy extended to me in 
my field work by the Park Department ; especially by 
Commissioner John J. Pallas, Secretary Willis Holly, 
Assistant Secretary Col. Clinton H. Smith, Ex-Com- 
missioner William R. Wilcox, and Ex-Secretary 
George S. Terry. My thanks are also hereby tendered 
to Mr. Robert Huhn, Foreman Gardener, of the Park 
Department, for his very considerable aid, most 
generously given. 

My acknowledgments for valuable information 
regarding rare varieties are hereby tendered to Dr. 
Charles H. Peck, State Botanist of New York; to 
Messrs. Ellwanger and Barry of the Mount Hope Nur- 
series, Rochester, N. Y.; to the Shady Hill Nurseries, 
Boston, Mass., and to Mr. Theodore Lawlor of 
Flushing, N. Y. I wish also to express here my 
appreciation of the very faithful and laborious work 
of my wife, Nellie Marvin Peet, in the preparation and 
completion of the index of this book. My thanks are 
also acknowledged to Mr. Edward Yorke Farquhar, 



of Brooklyn, for his very skillful work on the 
maps of this book and to Mr. Gilbert Dennis, of 
Staten Island, N. Y., for his painstaking efforts to 
bring out the characteristics of the trees and shrubs 
photographed for its illustrations. 

Louis Harman Peet. 
755 Ocean Avenue, 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER 
I. 
II. 
III. 

IV. 
V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 



PAGE 

The Pond and Vicinity 9 

The Ball Ground and Vicinity 61 

The Mall and Vicinity 103 

The Green and Vicinity 131 

East Seventy-second Street to East Seventy- 
ninth Street 153 

The Terrace 169 

The Ramble 187 

West Seventy-second Street to West Seventy- 
ninth Street 225 

East Seventy-ninth Street to East Eighty-fifth 

Street 241 

West Seventy-ninth Street to West Eighty- 
sixth Street 255 

East Ninetieth Street and Vicinity 270 

West Ninetieth Street and Vicinity 275 

East Ninety-sixth Street to East One Hundred 

and Second Street 287 

West Ninety-sixth Street to the Pool 301 

Harlem Meer and Vicinity 319 

The Concourse and Vicinity 345 



LIST OF MAPS. 
General Index Map Frontispiece 



PAGES 

Map No. I 2-3 

Map No. 2 54-55 

Map No. 3 96-97 

Map No. 4 124-125 

Map No. 5 146-147 

Map No. 6 162-163 

Map No. 7 180-18 1 

Map No. 8 218-219 



PAGES 

Map No. 9 236-237 

Map No. 10 248-249 

Map No. II 268 

Map No. 12 272 

Map No. 13 282-283 

Map No. 14 294-295 

Map No. 15 312-313 

Map No. 16 338-339 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

FACING PAGE 

Alder, Heart-leaved 3 f , 34 

Ash, Bosc's Red 48 

Bay, Sweet 132 

Beech, Weeping European. . . 188 

Birch; Red, River or Black 25 

Cedar, Japan 260 

Cedar, Japan (Leaf-sprays) 196 

Cedar of Lebanon 265 

Cherry, Mahaleb 78 

Cork Tree, Chinese 330 

Elm, Camperdown 115- 

Elm, Siberian 112 

Ginkgo Trees 119 

Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil 227 

Idesia 328 

Larch, Chinese Golden 258 

Magnolia, Great-leaved 174 

Magnolia, Swamp 132 

Maple, Ash-leaved (Flowers) 335 

Maple, Norway (Flowers) 87 

Maple, Striped (Flowers) 321 

Ninebark 259 

Oak, Willow 156 

Pine, Bhotan 257 

Pine, Swiss Stone 263 

Pine, Western Yellow 332 

Pond, The 32 

Spiraea, Reeve's 262 

White Beam Tree 139 

Yellowwood 159 



TREES AND SHRUBS 
OF CENTRAL PARK 



Explanations, Map No. 1 



Common Name. 

1. American or White Elm. 

2. European Flowering Ash. 

3. Silver or White Maple. 

4. Wild Red Osier. 

5. White Pine. 

6. Weeping Willow. 

7. Bald Cypress. 

8. Japan Quince. 

9. Common Sweet Pepper 

Bush. 

10. American Hornbeam, 

Blue Beech, Water 
Beech. 

11. Black Haw. 

12. Black Cherry. 

13. Japan Hedge Bindweed. 

14. Common Privet. 

15. Arrowwood. 

16. Austrian Pine. 

17. Cottonwood or Carolina 

Poplar. 

18. Golden Bell or Forsythia. 

19. Koelreuteria or Varnish 

Tree._ 

20. California Privet. 

21. Globe Flower, Japan 

Rose or Kerria. (In- 
correctly, Corchorus.) 

22. Rhodo typos. 

23. Weigela. (Light pink 

flowers.) 

24. English or Field Maple. 

25. Ninebark. 

26. Golden-leaved Ninebark. 

27. European Honeysuckle. 

28. Slender Deutzia. 



Botanical Name. 

Ulmus Americana. 
Fraxinus ornus. 
Acer dasycarpum, 
Cornus stolonifera. 
Pinus strobus. 
Salix Baby Ionic a. 
Taxodiuni distichum. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Clethra alnifolia. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 



Viburnum prunifolium. 
Prunus serotina. 
Polygonum cuspid atum. 
Ligustrum vulgare. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Populus monilifera. 

Forsythia viridissima. 
Koelreuteria paniculata. 

Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
Kerria Japonica. 



Rhodotypos kerrioides. 
Diervilla amabilis. 

Acer campestre. 
Physocarpus (or Spirced) 

opulifolia. 
Physocarpus (or Spircea) 

opidifolia, var. aurea. 
Lonicera caprifolium. 
Deutzia gracilis. 



Common Name 
29. Fern-leaved Beech. 



30- 



31- 
32. 

33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 
37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 
41. 
42. 

43- 
44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 



49. 
50- 
51. 

52. 
53- 
54 

55- 
56. 

57. 
58. 

59- 
60. 
61. 
62. 



Japan Arbor Vitae. 
(Plume-leaved.) 

Paulownia. 

River Birch, Red Birch, 
Black Birch. 

Sycamore Maple. 

White Mulberry. 

Scotch Elm. 

Scarlet Oak. 

Dwarf Mountain Sumac. 

French Tamarisk. 

Honey Locust. 

English Hawthorn. 

Common Buckthorn. 

Ailanthus or Tree of 
Heaven. 

Sassafras. 

Ash-leaved Maple or Box 
Elder. 

Common Locust. 

Bristly Locust, Rose Aca- 
cia or Moss Locust. 

American Hornbeam. 

European Purple Beech. 

Red Maple. 

Heart-leaved Alder. 

Smooth Sumac. 

Lombardy Poplar. 

Cockspur Thorn. 

Bay or Laurel-leaved 
Willow. 

English Elm. 

Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

Red Oak. 

Hardy or Panicled Hy- 
drangea. 

English Oak. 

Staghorn Sumac. 

Scotch Pine. 

Weeping Golden Bell or 
Forsythia. 



Botanical Name 

Fagus sylvatica, var. hetero- 

phylla. 
Chamaecyparis {or Retiuos- 

pora) pisifera, var. plu- 

mosa. 
Paulownia imperialis. 
Betula nigra. 

Acer pseiidoplatanus. 
Morus alba. 
Ulmus Montana. 
Quercus coccinea. 
Rhus copallina. 
Tamarix Gallica. 
Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Cratcegus oxyacantha. 
Rhamnus cathartica. 
Ailanthus glandulosus. 

Sassafras officinale. 
Negundo aceroides. 

Robinia pseudacacia. 
Robinia hispida. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur- 

purea. 
Acer rubrum. 
Alnus cordifolia. 
Rhus glabra. 
Populus dilatata. 
Cratcegus crus-galli. 
Salix pentandra (or lauri- 

folia. 
Ulmus campestris. 
Lonicera fragrantissirna. 
Quercus rubra. 
Hydrangea paniculata, var. 

grandiflora. 
Quercus robur. 
Rhus typhina. 
Piniis sylvestris 
Forsythia suspensa. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



03- 
64. 

65- 
66. 

67. 
68. 
69. 



71. 

72. 

73- 
74. 
75- 

76. 

77- 
78. 

79- 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83- 



85- 
86. 
87. 
88. 
89. 

90. 
91. 
92. 

93- 
94. 

95. 
96. 

97. 



Large- thomed Hawthorn 
Common Horsechestnut. 
Van Houtte's Spiraea. 
Indian Bean Tree or 

Southern Catalpa. 
European or Tree Alder. 
European White Birch. 
European Beech. 
Large-flowered Mock 

Orange or Syringa. 
Cephalotaxus. 
Hardy or Western Catalpa. 
Pearl Bush. 
Hall's Japan Magnolia. 
Large-flowered Mock 

Orange or Syringa. 
Smooth-leaved English 

Elm. 
Fragrant Honeysuckle. 
Scotch Elm. 

* Cut-leaved English Oak. 
Cockspur Thorn. 
Yellow or Sweet Buckeye. 
Red Maple. 
Purple-leaved Sycamore 

Maple. 
Red Buckeye. 
Late-flowering Tamarisk. 
Washington Thorn. 
Acanthopanax. 
Japan Lemon. 
Mock Orange or Sweet 

Syringa. 
Judas Tree or Redbud. 
English Hawthorn. 
Pignut or Broom Hickory. 
Dotted-fruited Hawthorn. 
Persimmon. 
Shagbark Hickory. 
White Oak. 

Pignut or Broom Hick- 
ory. 



Crataegus macracantha. 
ALsculus hippocastanum. 
Spircsa Van Houttei. 
Catalpa bignonioides. 

Alnus glutinosa. 
Betiila alba. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Philadelphus grandiflorus. 

Cephalotdxus Fortunii. 
Catalpa speciosa. 
Exochorda grandiflora. 
Magnolia stellata (or Halliana) 
Philadelphus grandiflorits. 

Ulmus cantpestii", var. Icevis 
(or glabra). 

Lonicera fragrantissinta. 

Ulmus Montana. 

Quercus robur, var. filicifolia. 

Crataegus crus-galli. 

^sculus fiava. 

Acer rubrum. 

Acer pseudoplatanus , var. pur- 
purea. 

.^sculus pavia. 

Tamarix Indica. 

Cratcegus cordata. 

Aralia pentaphylla. 

Citrus trifoliata. 

Philadelphus coronarius. 

Cercis Canadensis. 
Crataegus oxyacantha. 
Carya porcina. 
CratcEgus punctata. 
Diospyros Virginiana. 
Carya alba. 
Quercus alba. 
Carya porcina. 



♦Cut out while MS. was going through press. 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



98. 
99. 

100. 

lOI. 

102, 

103. 

104. 

105. 

106. 

107. 
108. 

109. 
no. 
III. 

112. 

113- 
114. 

115- 
116. 
117. 

118. 
119. 



122. 
123. 



124. 
125. 



126. 
127. 

128. 



Bosc's Red Ash. 
Panicled Dogwood. 
Double-flowered Euro- 
pean Raspberry. 
Cockspur Thorn 
American Chestnut. 

Japan Pagoda Tree. 
Norway Maple. 
Mockernut or Whiteheart 

Hickory. 
Sweet Gum or Bilsted. 
Fontanesia. 
Persian Lilac. 
Japan Quince. 
Cornelian Cherry. 
Shadbush, June Berry, or 

Service Berry. 
Osage Orange. 
Tree Box or Boxwood. 
Hop Tree or Shrubby 

Trefoil. 
Oak-leaved Hydrangea. 
Fringe Tree. 
Purple-leaved European 

Hazel. 
Standish's Honeysuckle. 
American White or Gray 

Birch. 
Carolina Allspice or Sweet 

Scented Strawberry 

Shrub. 
Double-flowered Bridal 

Wreath Spiraea. 
American Bladder Nut. 
Mountain or Red-Berried 

Elder. 
Chinese Privet. 
Weigela (creamy white 

flowers, changing to 

rose pink). 
Tartarian Honeysuckle. 
Spanish Chestnut. 
Scentless Syringa. 
Gordon's Syringa. 



Fraxinus pubescens, var. Bosci. 

Cornus paniculata. 

Rubus fruHcosa, var. ftore 
pleno, 

Cratcegus crus-galli. 

Castanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 

Sophora Japonica. 

Acer platanoides. 

Carya tomentosa. 

Liquidambar styraciflua. 
Fontanesia Fortunei. 
Syringa Per sic a. 
Cydonia Japomca. 
Cornus mascula. 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Madura aurantiaca. 
Buxus sempervtrens. 
Ptelea trifoUata. 

Hydrangea quercifolia. 
Chionanthiis Virginica. 
Corylus Avellana, var. pur- 
purea. 

Lonicera Standishii. 

Betula populifolia. 

Calycanthus floridus. 



SpircBa prunifolia, var. flore 

pleno. 
Staphylea trifolia. 
Sambucus racemosa. 

LigustrumIbota,var .Amurensis 
Diervilla grandiflora. 



Lonicera Tartarica. 
Castanea sativa. 
Philadclphus inodorus 
Philadelphus Gordonianus. 



TREES AND SHRUBS 

OF CENTRAL PARK 



I. 

THE POND AND VICINITY. 

As you enter the Park at the Plaza Entrance, 
Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, if you love 
color and the flash of crystal light over glossy leaves, 
you v^ill stop to look at the lusty bushes of Califor- 
nian privet on your left. Their rich life-full deep 
green foliage flings off the light in white fire at every 
touch of the breeze, and, if you watch them sway, 
you will see the deep sea-green flash into lighter 
green, as they toss up the undersides of their leaves 
or perchance your eye will catch that ice-like glint of 
white sunlight just as they turn. 

One cannot speak too highly of the Californian 
privet. You can know that it is the Californian 
privet and not the common privet by its leaves, which 
are larger and oval, while the leaves of the common 
privet (Ligustrum vulgarc) are eliptic - lanceolate. 
Besides, the Californian's color is richer, glossier and 
more of a deep sea-green shade, while the common 
privet's leaf has more of a bottle-green color. 



lO 

If you should happen to pass these bushes in early 
summer (June), you will see their bloom-panicles 
of white flowers (mostly at the ends of the branches). 
The flowers are four petalled and their corollas are 
funnel form. They are to me, at least, very unpleas- 
ant in their odor — a sickish smell, which I wish to 
get away from as soon as I come near it. These 
flowers change into small black berries. 

This beautiful species of privet, though known gen- 
erally as Californian privet, really comes from China 
and Japan. It is a profuse bloomer and in its season 
is covered with its white flower clusters. In the 
autumn its leaves turn a beautiful cold bronze and 
their glossy, satin-like finish makes their effects truly 
exquisite. 

Not very far along a little by-path slips away at 
your left down an easy run of stone steps toward the 
Pond. The Californian privet makes a bower of it, 
shooting out its lances of straight branches like 
masses of soldiery at charge bayonets. 

As you go down the steps at your right, a 
little back from the steps, half hidden by the sur- 
rounding shrubbery, chiefly privet, you will see a 
small tree with a low-branching, rather squat trunk. 
Were the tree not so hidden, you would notice that its 
bark is of a brittle-looking gray. Its limbs are lumpy 
looking in spots and it carries a compound leaf made 
up of from five to nine lance-oblong leaflets. These 
leaflets often have their margins crumpled and curled. 
The tree is the manna tree or European flowering 
ash, and is used very extensively as an ornamental 



II 



tree in park planting. Why it is called manna tree 
does not appear so readily as its name "flowering 
ash." This fits it well, for in late May or early June 
it fluffs its boughs most gorgeously with fringe-like 
masses of greenish-white flowers borne at the ends 
of the branches. These are very conspicuous and 
show all over the tree in great clusters. They change 
later into the samaras so characteristic of the ash 
family, very beautiful in autumn and early winter, 
when they cling to the branches in clusters of soft 
fawn-colored brown. The wind makes a delicate, 
crispy, tinkling music through them, which I, for one, 
love to hear on a brisk wintry day, with the snow 
sparkling all over in diamonds and the wind sweep- 
ing the blue sky clear of clouds. The tree gets the 
name Manna from the juice obtained by cutting into 
the bark. It is a native of Sicily and Southern Eu- 
rope. 

Close down by the left of the bottom step you will 
find a shrub which you will meet with frequently along 
the walks of this Park. It is the Rhodotypos kerrioides 
from Japan. You will know it by its rather sha^rply- 
pointed, ovate leaves, which are beautifully doubly 
serrate. Turn the leaves over and you will see that 
they have considerable pubescence, markedly covered 
with fine, silky hairs. This is especially noticeable when 
the leaves are young. It gets its generic name from 
two Greek words meaning rose and type, and the spe- 
cific kerrioides refers to its resemblance to the kerria. 
Indeed, its leaf looks very much like an enlarged edition 
of the kerrias. The Rhodotypos is conspicuous for its 



12 

branching habit, twisting its forks here, there, every- 
where. It flowers in May or June, and throws out 
large, sohtary white blossoms at the ends of the 
branches. These flowers are succeeded by beautiful 
berries, rich, shining black-purple, in close clusters, 
four or five together. The berries are conspicuously 
surrounded by the very large and persistent calyx. 
Of all the berries which September loves to work over, 
I do not think there is one that compares with the finish 
and gloss of the beady gems that sparkle and toss in 
the sunshine of a bright autumn day on the branches 
of the Rhodotypos. 

The little arm of pathway leads out upon another 
Walk that branches right and left to enfold the sleep- 
ing waters of the Pond. As you come from the bowers 
of canopied green, at the junction of the Walk, on your 
right, is a fine old American elm. On your left is 
white pine. Directly in front of you, as you look 
toward the water, about midway between you and the 
water, is, generally speaking, one of the loveliest of 
Park trees, I think. Tall, graceful, aspiring, with a 
conical, spire-like head which waves in easy motion to 
every breeze or bows majestically in dignified submis- 
sion to the harder winds, like a king to the will of a 
higher power, stands a bald cypress (Taxodium dis- 
fichum). You can recognize it by its form alone, 
which, as has been said, is tall, slender and spire-like. 
When in foliage, for the tree is deciduous, its delicate, 
feather-spray leaves, which are flat and two-ranked 
(distichum) , give its foliage a very soft and fine effect. 
The bald cypress is especially lovely at two seasons of 



13 

the year — in spring, when it puts forth its leaves of 
tender green; in autumn, when its feathery foHage 
turns to the softest shades of old gold and brown or 
orange-brown, lovely beyond words against the deep 
blue of an October sky. Even in winter the bald 
cypress has a fine beauty. Being deciduous, it drops 
its leaves, like the larch, and I know of no finer, more 
delicate sight in winter than the exquisite effect of this 
tree's wire-like framework of bare branches against 
the golden flame of a dying winter's day. 

The tree grows to very large proportions in the 
southern swamps, especially in Florida. It gets its 
name, Taxodimn, from two Greek words meaning yew- 
like, which refers to the leaves. In the autumn you 
may chance to see its fruit, little round cones, hanging 
like small green apples, amid the fast thinning leaves. 
These cones are very interesting things, and if you look 
sharply about the base of the tree you may find bits of 
them, for they split apart and fall in pieces. The scales 
are valvate, that is, join edge to edge, and if you find 
pieces enough you may be able to reconstruct the whole 
cone or seed ball. 

As we stand here facing the bald cypress, the Walk 
runs to the right and to the left about the Pond. We 
will take the left hand now, and go westward with it, 
along the southern border of the Pond and parallel 
with Fifty-ninth Street. Proceeding then westward, 
along the southern border of the Pond, a little beyond 
the bald cypress, you pass beneath the overhanging 
tresses of a fine old weeping willow. I suppose there 
is no one who does not know a weeping willow, so it 



14 

is not necessary to delay longer over its description. 
Its very form is enough to identify it. But in passing 
let me say that I, for one, think it is a tree of great 
beauty. Its long, sweeping vails of hanging green, 
rustling with low, sweet music on a fair summer day, 
suggests falling waters, and when the breeze turns its 
leaves, what rippling lights of soft gray fleck down 
the graceful tresses ! 

Midway between this tree and the bald cypress just 
spoken of is another European flowering ash. Its leaf- 
lets run in sevens and nines, and it stands about oppo- 
site the weeping willow. On the left of the Walk is a 
small Austrian pine. You can know it at once by the 
bunching growth of its leaves, by its stocky, thick-set 
look. Its leaves grow two together in a bundle 
(fascicle) and are of a dark green color, very sharp- 
pointed (mucronate) and rather stiflish in texture, 
with quite a decided incurve. The dark green color 
of the Austrian's leaves gives the tree, when well grown, 
a handsome, furry effect in winter. 

A little further on, you pass Japan quince, easily 
known, summer or winter, by its thorns. In early 
spring this bush is a torch of crimson-colored flowers, 
and all over the Park, then, you can see it glowing in 
crimson, pink and white. This bush is very near the 
fence, on your right, and, opposite to it, on the left, is 
a fine bald cypress. 

A little further along, you pass, on your right, an- 
other noble old weeping willow, then bald cypress 
again, tall and stately. To the right of this bald 
cypress, on the point of land swelling out here, is a 



15 

fine mass of arrowwood. It has beautifully saw-cut 
leaves. This saw-cut notching is enough to identify 
it as the arrowwood {Vi/'burnum dentatum). In June 
it sends out its flowers, conspicuous, flat-topped clus- 
ters or cymes of small, five-lobed blossoms, and these 
change into small, one-seeded, shining blue berries 
(drupes) having flattened seeds, and are usually ripe 
in September. 

Passing on, westward, you go by good sized clumps 
of Forsythia viridissima. This is the golden bell, 
which is among the earliest of the shrubs to waken in 
the spring. With a profusion of wealth, it fairly foams 
gold, seeming to throw it forth with a lavish fullness, 
as if to make amends for the harsh paucity of winter. 
How lovely its bells hang along the arching sprays, or 
rather they seem more like stars, with their four-lobed 
corollas burning against the bank. It is a cold heart 
that cannot warm with the sight of Forsythia in spring. 
The viridissima carries a very distinguishing leaf. It 
is lance-oblong and of a beautiful deep, clean green. 
In the autumn it turns a rich, smooth bronze. The 
shrub takes its name Forsythia from W. A. Forsyth, an 
English botanist. Just beyond the Forsythia you will 
pass another weeping willow, and then you have come 
to the eastern edge of the platform that marks the 
resting place of those winged water sprites, the swan 
boats, the joy of the children in summer. How you 
love to see them flap off and sweep over the dreaming 
waters with the happy faced little ones. The silver 
spangled foam churns behind, and the great white birds 
float on and on. Would that we went with them into 



i6 

that wonderland which opens only for those childish 
eyes ! 

Directly opposite the easterly end of the Swan Boat 
House platform, on your left, as you face west, stands 
a fine bald cypress, and directly opposite the little 
house which bears the sign ''Around the Lake, 5 cents," 
an Austrian pine has struck its feet into the bank with 
a determined grip. Up the hill, beyond it, a few feet, 
is white pine again, with its characteristic level reaches 
of boughs that mark it so distinctively. Just beyond 
the Swan Boat House, on your right, as you continue 
westwards, six magnificent cottonwoods (Popidus 
monilifera) rise up beside the water of the Pond. 
Tall and fair and majestic, they lift their heads on 
strong magnificent columns. If you love to see 
strength of hard-finished bark, come and stand before 
these noble specimens when the sunshine is playing 
over their rugged, ridged and deeply-fissured ashy- 
brown bark. Summer or winter, these trees will thrill 
you. What shadow play sleeps in their ridged bark! 
What showers of sunlight rain from their leaves ! What 
majesty and nobility in their lofty trunks as they tower 
heavenward ! They seem to say in their silent way, 
which is so eloquent: *'Lo, here have we set our feet, 
lo, here we stay !" I defy anyone to stand before these 
trees without a feeling of reverence and respect, with- 
out an uplifting of spirit. You cannot go away from 
them without having had a sense of ennoblement. All 
over the Park you meet them, foot set as if halted in 
some mighty march whose music has never yet been 
writ upon the staff, marching with widespread arms 



17 

and stately poise; each like some winged victory of 
Samothrace, to join the hosts of the primeval forests. 

The Cottonwood has a very easily distinguishable 
leaf, one which you cannoi. mistake — large, broad, 
spade-shaped or heart-shaped (deltoid). The margin 
is serrate (notched) with cartilaginous teeth. The leaf 
stemxS (petioles) are noticeably flattened and often bear 
gland-like protuberances on the top. In early spring 
the tree flowers before the leaves expand, showing its 
bloom in long, drooping, conspicuous catkins, which 
develop later into seed pods that burst and let free 
the seeds, covered with cotton-like down which the 
winds drift hither and thither, dispersing the seeds in 
the way that Nature has ordered. The cotton-like 
down has given the name to the tree, and in fact to 
the whole popuhis family, which are often indiscrimi- 
nately called cottonwoods on this account. About half 
way between the third and fourth of these magnificent 
cottonwoods, you will find, on the left of the Walk, two 
very interesting trees. They are often called Varnish 
trees, and they belong to the bladder-nut family. They 
are from China, but have become quite naturalized 
here, especially in parks and on ornamental grounds. 
The botanical name of the tree is rather imposing, 
Kcelreuteria paniciilata, and is taken from Joseph 
Gottlieb Koelreuter, a German botanist. It is a fair 
sized tree growing from about twenty to forty feet 
in height, with a rather bunchy, round head, "all 
head and shoulders." You can know it easily by its 
long, alternate compound leaves, which are irregularly 
pinnate and made up of several thin, coarsely-toothed 



i8 

leaflets. In summer this tree throws out conspicuous 
clusters of yellow flowers in dense terminal panicles, 
and these flowers are succeeded, in the autumn, by 
queer-looking bladdery pods which contain the seeds 
packed away in three-celled compartments at the base 
of the pod. These pods are of a light green hue at 
first, but change, as the fall comes on, to a bronze 
brown, and, as they are very conspicuous and hang on 
the tree late in winter, they are an easy means of iden- 
tification, for the rambler, at that time of year. 

On the right of the Walk, diagonally opposite these 
two Koelreuterias are three small bushes, not any of 
them doing over-well. They are Tartarian honey- 
suckle (the easterly bush), Arrowwood (the middle 
bush, with saw-cut leaves), and Spircca Van Hoiittei 
(the westerly bush). They are just over the fence, 
about midway to the water. 

As you continue along the Walk, westward, on the 
left, nearly opposite the fourth large cottonwood, you 
will see masses of ninebark, Physocarpus (or Spircea) 
opulifolia. You can know them by their rather three 
lobed leaves and by the tattered shreds of bark that 
cling about their stems. Surely these ragged rem- 
nants seem to give some propriety to the name ''nine- 
bark,"for the bark certainly looks as if it had been 
peeled more than nine times. Almost under this hand- 
some cottonwood is a young Austrian pine, and there 
is another coming up by the cottonwood, near the lamp- 
post here. 

At this point the path throws off a short arm to the 
left, up a little run of steps toward the Sixth Avenue 



19 

Gate. As we turn to go up, we must note the pretty 
honeysuckle which garnishes the bank on our right. It 
is a brave old shrub, with rather ovate, glaucous leaves, 
and stands on the right of the lowest step, just as you 
start to go up. It is Lonicera caprifoliiim and, in early 
summer, bears yellow or yellowish-white flowers, whose 
tubes are very slender, rather bluish, but not gibbous. 
The flowers are in whorls, on the ends of the branches, 
which seem to run through the uppermost two or three 
pairs of leaves. This characteristic is termed by botan- 
ists, connate, that is, having the lower lobes united. 
If you look at this plant you will see that the two or 
three pairs of its uppermost leaves seem to be grown 
together. Its other leaves are mostly obovate, or 
slightly acute. They are also quite glaucous. This 
honeysuckle comes from Europe, and its very fragrant 
flowers certainly give it a welcome place with us. 

To the left of the lowest step, the Californian privet 
flings off the sunlight from its polished leaves in a 
cool gloss of silver. By the Californian privet here, 
nearer the left of the lowest steps, you will find Kerria 
Japonica, Japan rose, often, but incorrectly, termed 
Corchorus. As has been said above, the leaf of the 
Rhodotypos looks very much like a larger edition of 
the Kerria's leaf, and you can here compare them 
easily, as the bush just above, by the left of the mid- 
dle steps, is Rhodotypos. The Kerria gets its name 
from a British botanist, Bellenden Ker. It blooms in 
late May or early summer with handsome orange- 
yellow flowers of five elliptical petals. Its leaves are 
thin, lance-ovate in shape, and doubly serrate. The 



20 

Kerria is also known as globe flower and Jew's mal- 
low. On the right of the middle steps is ninebark, and 
just below it golden-leaved ninebark. Up the steps 
again, by the uppermost stair, you will find, on the 
right and on the left, as well, good specimens of the 
English maple (Acer campestrc), also called English 
field maple. You can know them easily by their leaves, 
which are usually five-lobed with the lobes round-cut, 
making them look bluntish or squared. This cutting 
of the leaf gives it a cordate or heart-shaped appear- 
ance. The English maple is a hardy fellow and does 
well all over the Park. If you compare its leaves 
with those of the Norway maple, you will be impressed 
by their resemblance, on a smaller scale, to the leaves 
of that tree. They look like square-cut editions, smaller 
and trimmed, of the Norway maple's leaves. The 
English maple blooms early in the spring and throws 
out pretty, erect, greenish corymbs of flowers which 
also resemble the blossoms of the Norway maple very 
closely, except that they haven't that full, clear, tender 
light green which is the glory of the Norway's bloom. 
The fruit, or keys, of the English maple spread very 
widely, and the ends tip up a little, giving a rather pert 
effect, which is very pleasing. 

At the top of the steps we are confronted by the 
Sixth Avenue Gate. We will not go out by it, but, 
turning to the right, will follow the trend of the path 
toward the north. 

Not very far along, the Walk throws off a path to 
the left. Let us follow it for a short space. In the 
point of its fork, on the right, is a beautiful clump of 



21 

the DeiitBia gracilis, a lovely Japan shrub, about two 
feet high, with finely serrated, smooth, bright green 
ovate lanceolate leaves, which make it beautiful even 
when not in bloom. In bloom (May) it is a fairy sight, 
covered with its snow-white flowers — the very es- 
sence of purity. It is aptly called ''Bridal Wreath." 
It gets its botanical name from Johann Deutz, an Am- 
sterdam botanist. As you go on westwards, nestling 
down beside the Deutzia is the lovable little Thunberg's 
barberry, also a Japan shrub. You can know it at once 
by its fine, slender branches very generously beset with 
sharp spines, or by its very small obovate leaves, usually 
about half an inch long. In May its dainty sprays are 
set with very beautiful flowers, waxy-yellow with 
blood-red sepals, and petals softly brushed with crim- 
son, like the first flushes of rose before dawn. But if 
the Thunberg is lovely in bloom, it is, perhaps, more 
so in fruit. Come upon it some sparkling September 
morning, when the sunbeams are glistening over the 
bright, coral-red berries which hang so thickly through 
its now crimson-tinted leaves, and I think you will 
agree with me that the hardy little barberry is worthy 
of its frequent placing in our parks. Directly back 
of the Japan barberry is a large mass of Rhodotypos, 
and, further along, Kerria Japonica, and then Japan 
barberry again. Directly opposite to this bush, on the 
left, stands a very interesting tree. It is interesting 
because it is often mistaken for what it is not. It is 
the Paiilownia imperialis and is so similar in leaf and 
form of growth to the Catalpa, that it is constantly mis- 
taken for that tree. In form of growth it has a slight 



22 

resemblance to the Catalpa's sprawl, but as It grows 
older it attains a far more lofty and dignified aspect 
than the Catalpa reaches. But in leaf the two trees are 
very similar, and this, I presume, is one reason why 
the two trees are so often confused with each other. 
However, though slightly similar in form and closely 
alike in leaf, they are widey different in flower, fruit 
and bark. The Catalpa belongs to the Bignoniacece or 
Bignonia family, while the Paiilozvnia belongs to the 
ScrophulariacecE or Figwort family. The bark of the 
Paulownia is very much like that of the Ailanthus, 
dusky, often smoky gray, with fine, silvery flashings 
of streaks through the gray. Its leaf is large, some- 
times a foot long, and generally quite hairy on the 
underside. Early in the spring this tree, if the win- 
ter has not been too severe, for its buds frost kill 
very easily, breaks forth into lovely bloom, sending out 
beautiful, violet-colored, heavily-fragrant flowers of 
long funnel form, with flaring corolla lobes. In winter 
it is a very interesting tree, because of its conspicuous 
fruit and bud clusters of next spring's flowers. They 
are easily seen on the upper branches of the tree, clearly 
and distinctly against the sky, resembling bunches of 
grapes with the grapes picked off. The fruit of the 
tree is a dry egg-shaped capsule about an inch and a 
half long, strongly pointed, and densely packed with 
the flat-winged brown seeds. 

Proceeding westwards again, just beyond the Japan 
barberry, you come upon Rhodotypos, and a little back 
of it and beyond, toward the northwest, stands a fine 
young, fern-leaved beech of the European variety. 



23 

You can easily know this tree by its beautifully-cut 
leaves, which make you think of ferns the moment 
you see them. You can know it in winter by its light 
gray, smooth bark, and by its long-pointed, brownish, 
cigar-shaped buds. These long-pointed, cigar-like 
buds are the sure winter mark of the beech. They 
are distinctive of the beech alone, and you can be posi- 
tive of the tree's identity from their testimony alone. 

Nearer the Walk again, as you go on, growing low 
down, on your right, with closely-clumped, bayonet-like 
leaves, is the Yucca Ulamcntosa, or Adam's needle. In 
midsummer it sends up a long, straight shaft several 
feet high from its midst and from the top of this shaft 
or scape the plant throws out its handsome bloom, large, 
showy, white flowers, delicately tinted with green on 
the outside. It belongs to the lily family, and is some- 
times called palm lily. Another common name for it 
is silk grass, though it is probably more generally 
known by the name "Adam's Needle." Back of the 
Adam's Needle you will see a handsome evergreen. 
Its fine feather-spray of leaves, so distinctly plume- 
like in appearance, with the rather conical or pyramidal 
form of the conifer, will easily identify it for you. It 
is a Chamsecyparis (ground cypress) or a Retinospora 
(that is, it has a resin sac in its seed) of the variety 
plumosa. For fineness of effect among the Japan arbor 
vitae, the foliage of the plumosa (with its golden- 
leaved variety aurea) is surpassingly beautiful. 

Close by the Walk, as you go, at your right still, low 
down and growing about a foot high, you will see 
bushes with very willow-like looking leaves. These 



24 

are herbaceous plants, termed Amsonia salicifolia or 
willow-leaved Amsonia. They get their name from 
Charles Amson. The Amsonia belongs to the dogbane 
family. It bears very pretty sky-blue, star-like flowers 
with salver-shaped corollas in May; dies down to 
the ground in winter, and comes up again from the 
roots in spring. A little further along you will see a 
healthy young American hornbeam, with the birch-like 
leaves which are so characteristic of the hornbeam. 
Further on, you come to another good clump of Am- 
sonia, and beyond it Reeve's spircca, with lance-oblong 
leaves, often quite distinctly three-pointed. This 
Spiraea bears very showy white flowers in June, in 
large corymbs. Growing in with it is a young English 
maple. 

Continuing along, you meet, still on your right, a 
little back from the Walk, by the rocks, a broad-spread- 
ing, brown-barked tree with smooth, shining light- 
green leaves, which are variously shaped, some mitten- 
like with the thumb on one side or the other, or both 
sides at once, some without the thumb at all. These 
mitten-shaped leaves tell you at once that it is a mul- 
berry, and its smooth (upper side), shining leaves tell 
you it is the white mulberry. You cannot mistake 
this tree, for it stands directly opposite a lamp-post 
which stares boldly upon it from the other (your left) 
side of the Walk. Directly under this handsome mul- 
berry are great masses of the Japan variety of hedge 
bind-weed. Polygonum cuspidatiun or Polygonum Sie- 
holdi, with splendid, broad, oval-oblong stalked leaves 
which come to an acute point at the tip. This bushy 




cq 



QQ 






25 

perennial flings itself right and left in glorious abandon, 
arching its striped stems, beautifully tinged with crim- 
son here, there, everywhere, and if you happen to pass 
it in late August you will surely have to stop to look 
at the fine feather-sprays of its delicate flowers which 
float out and droop in pretty fluffy little panicles from 
four to six inches long, from the axils of the leaves. 
Close by the Walk again, at your right, nestling very 
near the fence, is Deutzia gracilis again, and beyond it 
syringa (Philadelphus grandiUorus) . 

Beyond the lamp-post, you pass, on the left, a very 
interesting birch tree, the red or river birch, often called 
also the black birch. You will know it easily by its 
shaggy-looking bark, especially tattered and ragged on 
the upper parts of the tree. In other portions of the 
Park you will find this tree exceedingly shaggy, with 
its tattered ends curled back, looking very much like 
the bark of the yellow birch. The general tone color of 
the red birch's bark is slaty-gray with a beautiful crim- 
son flush through it. This reddish-brown tinge almost 
identifies the tree in itself. If you have any doubts 
about it, though, look at its leaves. They are dis- 
tinctly different from any other birch in the Park, 
being decidedly rhombic ovate, acute at both top and 
bottom, and very noticeably double serrate. If you love 
to look at rough bark, the red birch, in its glory, will 
satisfy your eye completely. For my part, I love to 
come upon its shaggy beauty. 

As you go on westwards, not very far from the red 
birch, you will find, on your left, a good specimen of the 
sycamore maple {Acer pseudoplatcmus). This tree has 



26 



a leaf which somewhat resembles the leaf of the Amer- 
ican buttonwood, often called sycamore, hence the name 
of sycamore maple. The botanical name, pseudo pla^ 
taniis, means i^Xs^- plat anus, platanus being the generic 
botanical name of the buttonwood. Why a thing which 
is not something else should be called false because it is 
not that thing, is one of the queer things of botanical 
nomenclature. Why could not some name meaning 
resembling be chosen to indicate such similarity? The 
leaves of the sycamore maple are rather thick, gener- 
ally five-lobed, downy on the undersides, and with leaf 
stems or petioles long and distinctly reddish. In the 
spring, after the leaves have appeared on the tree, it 
flowers in long, conspicuous pendulous racemes which 
make you think of little hanging green baskets, such 
as the children make with burs. The flowers change to 
crowded clusters of winged seeds of keys, or samaras, 
as the botanists call them. The wings of these seeds 
are almost at right angles with each other, and the keys 
hang on the tree long after the leaves have fallen, often 
remaining on until well into the winter, and are one of 
the means of easily knowing the tree at that season of 
the year. The Walk bends around here to the north- 
ward, and as you follow its easy sweep, you pass up the 
hill a little, on the right, a black cherry, whose very 
rough bark is almost enough to identify it. But if that 
is not sufficient for you, look amid its lustrous green 
leaves for the raceme that in June showed so conspicu- 
ously white and later held little clusters of small, crim- 
son-purple berries. A few feet further on, along this 
Walk, you come to a lamp-post on your right, and on 



27 

your left to a left-hand branch of this Walk. Just back 
of the lamp-post is a fine, old scarlet oak, with deeply- 
cut, bristle-tipped leaves. On the very point of the left 
hand border, where the Walk throws off its branch to 
run on about parallel with Fifty-ninth Street, you will 
find a Scotch elm (Ulmiis Montana). 

We will not continue further on this Walk, but will 
go back now to the spot where we turned off by the 
Paulozvnia below, to the W^alk leading northerly from 
the Sixth Avenue Gate. We will follow this Walk as 
it leads on northerly from the fork by the Deutnia 
gracilis and the Paulozunia. Following the path in its 
northerly course past large masses of rock on either 
hand, over which trailing vines fall in lovely cascades 
of green, joyous sights for city eyes on coming from 
the streets, hot and baking, on a midsummer day. 
Passing by these, you come on the right, about midway 
between the fourth and fifth forkings of the Walk, 
from the Sixth Avenue Entrance, to a good well-grown 
Austrian pine. Its stocky, chunky form, with its long, 
wire-like needles, two in a sheath or bundle, will mark 
it for you. A little down the slope of the hill from it, 
toward the right, wave the feathery plumes of the beau- 
tiful tamarisk ( Taniarix Gallica) . Every breeze sways 
and bends its lovely sprays of feathery green as if it 
loved them, and the whole shrub seems alive with the 
very quintessence of joy. Its fineness and grace and 
its soft, tender, delicate green must surely stir you like 
a fine poem or lulling of exquisite music. Not far from 
the Tamarix, a little back toward Sixth Avenue, you 
will find the dwarf mountain sumac (Rhus copallina), 



28 

which you can know very easily by its glossy entire 
leaflets and by the distinct wing along the edge of the 
leaf stem, between each pair of leaflets. This sumac in 
autumn time turns a cool crimson, like the brilliant 
scarlet of the staghorn or the smooth sumac, but all 
the richer in effect, from its subdued fire. Its glossy 
leaves give a dark, lustrous glow to the whole mass, 
which seems to suggest that the shrub is just about to 
break out into full flame. Proceeding onward, the next 
fork of the Walk (the sixth from the Sixth Avenue 
Gate northwards) brings you to some handsome honey 
locusts, buckthorn, English hawthorn and bristly locust. 
You can find them easily. One honey locust stands in 
the very angle of the Walk's fork. It has very dark 
(almost black) bark, smoothish, save where it is broken 
by rather clearly-cut ridges. The trunk and branches 
fairly sprout thorns — strong, fierce-looking things with 
a kind of three-tined growth which has been sufficient 
to give the tree one of its names tricanthos (three- 
thorned). Its genus name, Gleditschia, is from Gled- 
itsch, a German botanist. This tree exhibits a strange 
combination of strength and delicacy, strength in its 
armed trunk, delicacy in its exquisite sprays of com- 
pound leaves, made up of many small leaflets. The 
honey locust is of the great pulse family, as is also the 
locust, and its leaves look like finer, smaller editions of 
the locust's leaf, having from ten to twenty-four small 
pinnate leaflets. The honey locust has very conspic- 
uous fruit, especially noticeable in late autumn and 
winter, long strap-shaped pods often curled and twisted, 
at first of a striking orange-yellow, later of a russet 



29 

reddish-brown. These pods hold the small, oval, bean- 
like seeds. Surely the honey locust is a stately tree with 
its rich, blackish bark, a tower of strength, with its 
fine, soft, light green leaves fluttering in exquisite 
grace at every breath of stirring air. It is a tall tree, 
and as the years build it up to the full of its majestic 
proportions, it spreads and gains a broad, flat head, 
which is very distinctive, marking the tree afar off. 

At the right of the right hand branch of this fork, 
you will find two more of these handsome trees, the 
second is further along by the path side. The left 
branch of this fork carries you on beside a very pretty 
little English hawthorn, which stands just north of 
the honey locust in the angle of the fork. You can tell 
the English hawthorn by its long thorns, by its simple 
(that is, not compound) leaves, which are alternate 
on the branch, smooth, noticeably cut-lobed and with a 
wedge-shaped base. The fruit of the English hawthorn 
is a small, coral-red berry about one-third of an inch in 
diameter, and hangs in clusters on the tree late into 
the winter. 

Beyond the English hawthorn you will find, still 
close by the right hand border of this left hand fork of 
the Walk, common buckthorn, Rhammis cathartic a. 
By the careless eye, its leaves are mistaken for those of 
the flowering dogwood or the Cornelian cherry, but if 
you will look at them closely you will see that though 
they do somewhat resemble the leaves of these varieties 
of Cornus, they are minutely serrate, while those of 
the Cornus are entire and curved-veined (not feather- 
veined like the buckthorn). Again, the buckthorn's 



30 

leaves are lustrous and silky of texture, especially on 
the upper sides. You can further distinguish the 
buckthorn by the little fine thorns (almost a prickle) 
at the ends of the branchlets. The buckthorn's leaves 
are generally arranged alternately on the branch, but 
often many of them are opposite. The flowers of this 
shrub are small, greenish, four-parted, scarcely notice- 
able, in clusters in the axils of the leaves and they are 
succeeded by small green (later, black) berries, about 
a third of an inch in diameter, which contain from two 
to four seeds. The berries are ripe about September. 
Beyond the buckthorn you come to honey locust again, 
and, if you follow this left branch of the fork to where 
it meets the Walk by the Drive, you will find, all 
frouzled over the rocks, on the right, near the junction, 
tangled in delightful abandon, great masses of the 
bristly locust, which you will have no difficulty in know- 
ing by its very bristly branches. The bushes bear 
lovely pink flowers in June, and the fruit which suc- 
ceeds them lives up to the name bristly. 

Let us now come back to the honey locust, which, as 
stated above, stands exactly in the northern angle of 
the fork we have just been considering, and let us fol- 
low its right hand branch as it curves gently around 
to the eastward to the Stone Bridge over the Pond. A 
lamp-post stands at its next junction, and just beyond 
it, as you go east, on your left, is a sycamore maple, 
and opposite to it, on the right, is a fine old American 
elm. Continuing along a little stretch here, you pass 
on your left, in a beautiful open cluster, a graceful 
group of three purple beeches. These are of the Euro- 




Heart-leaved Alder (Alnus coniijoUa) 
Map I. No. 50. 



31 

pean variety, as you can distinguish by their entire, 
cihate or hairy margins, so different from the strongly- 
toothed leaves of our native beech. The leaves of these 
trees come out a deep dark crimson purple in the spring 
and hold that color late into the summer. Their 
bark is a fine light gray, and the swing of their 
branches is noticeably horizontal from rather short, 
squatty trunks. They are beautiful trees and well 
worth your careful consideration. As you follow the 
path along, it bends gently here to the southeast, and 
about midway down the slope of the hillside, on your 
left, you will see a very interesting tree. It is the heart- 
leaved alder, Alnns cordifolia, with dark green, heart- 
shaped leaves which have a lustrous shine through 
their rich green. You cannot mistake the tree, for it is 
hung full of its telltale "cones," the seed receptacles 
of the alder. The tree is a native of southern Europe 
and flowers early in March or April before its leaves 
come out. Its flowers are greenish-brown. 

In the next bend of the Walk, on your left, you will 
have to stop surely to look at the handsome masses of 
the smooth sumac which fling out scarlet and orange 
in such beautiful blendings in autumn. The easiest 
way to tell a smooth sumac from its twin brother, the 
staghorn (for the leaves are very much alike) is to 
look at the branches. The branches of the smooth 
sumac are beautifully smooth, a clean, clear pinkish-red 
or magenta-crimson, overlaid with the loveliest of 
lilac bloom. The branches of the staghorn sumac are 
as different as can be — covered with a sticky pubes- 
cence. This pubescence, when the leaves of the bush 



32 

are off, gives the branches a look which so closely 
resembles the horns of a young stag, that the bush has 
been named staghorn sumac, from that feature alone. 
The clump here, as you see, has its end branches 
smooth and without hairs. Opposite this clump, on 
the right of the path, stands a good-sized American 
hornbeam or water-beech. The hornbeam has simple, 
alternate leaves which are straight veined, like the 
beech and the chestnut. From here the path bends to 
the east and crosses a vine-hung Stone Bridge, of the 
old Roman type, which spans the waters of the Pond. 

As you go on, you pass, on your left, a good cluster 
of bald cypresses, tall and spire-like. About opposite 
the most easterly of these bald cypresses, close by the 
Walk, you will find black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) 
a small tree with simple, opposite leaves very finely 
serrated and with little flanges (or wings) along the 
edges of the leaf-stems (petioles). In early May or 
June it turns into a cloud of white bloom — large, con- 
spicuous, flat-topped clusters of flowers on the ends of 
the branches. These change into small berries, blue- 
black and sweet when ripe in September. But long 
before they are ripe you can see the berries hanging 
in green clusters on the tree. With the first biting nip 
of frost they flush softly to a lovely pinkish-blue and 
then, as they ripen, to blue-black. 

As you approach the Stone Bridge you pass many 
things of interest; on your right, Ailanthus (nearly 
opposite the lamp-post on the left of the Walk) then 
Weigela, then staghorn sumac (note its pubescent 
terminal branches), then pouring over the stone wall 



33 

here in fountain-like spray of green, with sweeping 
branches is the lovely Lycium barhariim, matrimony 
vine or box thorn, sending out in summer its beautiful 
bell-shaped pale blue flowers. Beyond the Lyciiim is 
Van Ho'Utte's spiraea, then Lombardy poplar with 
branches hugged close to the main trunk, and close 
by the Bridge, another bush of the beautiful Spircea 
Van Houttei. On the left of the Walk, just beyond 
the lamp-post, and about opposite the Weigeia, a great 
puff of feathery green tells of another Tamarix gallica. 
Across the Bridge you pass on the right, nestling quite 
near the corner, a fine young cockspur thorn, with 
glossy, dark green, shining, wedge obovate leaves. 
Rising from the masses of shrubbery here, a good 
sized laurel-leaved willow flashes the light in showers 
of crystal from its laurel-like eaves. Beyond is more 
staghorn sumac, then ninebark, Forsythia viridissima, 
Rhodotypos, and Loiiicera fragantissima, the last on the 
point where the Walk forks. On the left you passed 
Californian privet, Lombardy poplar, syringa (Phil- 
adelphus grandiHonis) , Judas tree, with large, heart- 
shaped leaves, golden-leaved ninebark, fine masses of 
syringa (opposite the staghorn sumac), Judas tree 
again close by a handsome cranberry bush, then 
ninebark, Philadelphiis graiidifloriis and Spircea Van 
Houttei on the point of the left hand fork of the Walk. 
This fork sends out two branches, one to the right 
creeps down around the Pond and ultimately meets 
the path that comes down the steps by the Plaza En- 
trance, where we started in. The left fork runs off 
in a northeasterlv direction to the Drive and follows 



34 

along beside it toward the Mall. Let us follow the 
right fork for awhile and then take the left from this 
point. 

Not quite half way to the next fork (the one that 
slips away under an Arch to the Arsenal) you will see, 
on your right, as you go southerly, a fine, healthy red 
oak. You can know it by its bristle-tipped, oval or 
oblong leaves. The leaves are cut deeply into pin- 
natified lobes. The red oak's buds are distinctive, too, 
clean cut and glossy red in winter. Diagonally across 
from it, well up on the bank, with broad, outcast arms 
and a noble trunk, stands a flourishing English oak. 
It stands in the bend of the left hand border of the 
Walk, and you can tell it at once by its broadly oval 
leaves slightly lobed and distinctly eared at the base, 
about the leaf stem, where they seem about to clasp 
the petiole. Its acorn is certainly beautiful, a polished 
olive-green, over an inch long and about a third en- 
closed in a clean, hemispherical cup. Directly oppo- 
site the path leading under the Arch here is a fine 
mass of the staghorn sumac, filling in the bank between 
the Walk and the water. It is a well-grown mass, with 
branching antlers of sweeping fronds that blaze a 
glory of crimson and scarlet and gold in the autumn. 

Here, before we continue southwards, let us turn 
off to the left, and pass through the Arch which leads 
the path northeasterly from the handsome clump of 
sumac, under the Drive, towards the Arsenal. 

On going through the Arch, you will come on your 
left, after passing a fine bush of the sweet syringa, 
to a very interesting shrub with dark-green leaves 




Heart-leaved Alder {Alnus cordifolia) (Looking north), 
Map I. No. 50. 



i.n 



35 

which droop Hke damp feathers. If you know the 
EngHsh yew, you will be struck by the resemblance of 
its leaves to those of the shrub before you, save that the 
leaves are much longer and are whitish, not yellowish, 
on the under sides. This whitish cast is a distinctive 
feature, and will tell you at once that the shrub is 
not Ta.-i s baccata, but Cephalotaxus. There are two 
bushes of it here, and they stand almost directly oppo- 
site the lamp-post on your right. They are good 
specimens of the Cephalotaxus Fortunei. Note their 
low spreading form of growth, which is very differ- 
ent from the more upright habit of Taxiis baccata. 
Cephalotaxus gets its nam»e from its method of flow- 
ering, breaking out its staminate flowers in clusters or 
heads. It is a Japan growth and has a generally yew- 
like appearance, but it does not grow into a tree. It 
forms rather a wide-spreading bush, and its rich, 
glossy, dark green (on upper sides) leaves will be 
sure to arouse your enthusiasm. Indeed its leaves have 
almost a satin-like finish. These leaves are linear, flat, 
arranged in parallel rows (termed two ranked), and 
are from two to three inches long. The tops droop 
heavily. The yew's leaves are much shorter, stiffer and 
more mucronate. The midrib is very prominent on 
both sides of the leaves of Cephalotaxus. The fruit of 
Cephalotaxus is also quite different from the fruit of 
the yew. The latter bears a fleshy, crimson cup or 
capsule, which contains the seed or nut, black when 
ripe, which seems cleverly sunk in the cup about three- 
fourths down. The fruit of the Cephalotaxus has its 
nut completely incased by the pulp-like covering.. 



36 

Almost concealed from view, up the bank, on the 
right of the Walk, is a fair specimen of American 
bladder nut, which you can identify by its leaves, 
which are in leaflets of three. Its flowers are very 
pretty, in white racemed clusters, in April or May. 
These flowers change to bladder-like pods. 

Just beyond the Cephalotaxus, on the right of the 
Walk, you come to two very good specimens of the 
Western or hardy Catalpa, Catalpa speciosa. The first 
one is just a little diagonally across from the Cepha- 
lotaxus. The second is directly opposite a fine black- 
barked, lovable old honey locust, which is just beyond 
the Cephalotaxus, on the left of the Walk. There are 
several more of these Catalpas along here, and they 
furnish a good chance to note how very different 
they are from Catalpa hignonioides. The speciosa 
grows tall, Y-form, and branches high up, while the 
bignonioides branches low, with a rambling, sprawling 
reach of boughs which gives it a bunchy head, strik- 
ingly distinctive from the erect, almost elm-like form 
of the speciosa. How different they are in bark. The 
hardy or Western catalpa's is thick, runs in longi- 
tudinal lines and fissures something like the habit of 
the basswood, while that of the hignonioides seems thin 
and scale-like over a smoothish underground of dull 
brownish gray, with nothing of the longitudinal run 
of fissure. These scales seem to almost tempt the 
finger to pick at them. The speciosa, as has been 
said, is a tall tree with thickish bark. Its leaves are 
downy and soft, heart-shaped and noticeably long- 
pointed. Its flowers also differ from the hignonioides 



37 

in being only slightly spotted. Indeed they are almost 
white. These flowers are about two inches long and 
are slightly notched on the lower lobes of the corolla. 
The fruit of the tree is a thick pod, shorter than the 
pod of Catalpa bignonioides. Beyond the second of 
these hardy or Western catalpas, close by the Walk, still 
on your right, you pass a Sophora Japonica, of the pulse 
family, with panicles of cream-white flowers in sum- 
mer, which change into long, chain-like greenish pods. 
Then you meet honey locust, a fine mass of Weigela 
with white flowers that change to pink, and another 
Catalpa spcciosa, just as the Walk bends east to cross 
the Bridle Path on its way to the Arsenal. 

Up to this point (the Bridge here), you have passed 
on your left, beyond the two bushes of Cephalotaxiis 
mentioned above, three well-grown honey locusts, with 
blackish bark and strong, fierce-looking thorns sprout- 
ing from the rather smoothish surface ; with delicate 
waving leaf sprays of tiny leaflets. Still further on, 
you will find some more of the hardy catalpas, one 
quite close to the Bridge which spans the Bridle Path 
here. As you stand on the bridge and look north, 
following the easy curve of the Bridle Path with your 
eye as it swings gently to the west, close by the Path, 
almost due north of the catalpa by the left hand 
corner of the Bridge, you will see another member 
of this same clan. Almost due west of this Catalpa 
speciosa stands a magnolia, which you will do well 
to see early in spring — March or April — when it bursts 
out into the purest of white flowers. These flowers are 
made up of many long, narrow petals, almost ribbon 



38 

like, which when fully blown give a very beautiful, star- 
like look. Indeed this star-like appearance of its 
flowers has given the tree its botanical name. Magnolia 
stellata (or Halliana), Hall's Japan magnolia. Its 
flowers are very fragrant and the purity of their white 
is something you love to look upon. The tree is of a 
spreading habit of growth, has obtusely-pointed, obo- 
vate leaves, which are downy, when young, on the 
undersides. It is an importation from Japan. 

If we cross the Bridge and go on eastwards, down at 
the southeast corner of the Bridge a good osage orange 
flutters its glossy leaves right in your face. You can 
know it easily by the spines in the axils of its leaves. 
This is on your right, almost at the end of the Bridge. 
On your left there are several things of interest. As 
you pass along toward the Arsenal at the left hand 
corner of the Bridge, just as you step from it, stands a 
well-grown specimen of Lonicera fragrantissima which 
you recognize easily by its thick, ovate leaves notice- 
ably cusped. Its shaggy stems will perhaps recall 
"ninebark" to you, but if you look closely you will see 
the difference between the stems of the two. Surely 
a word must be said in praise of the lovely bloom of 
the Lonicera fragrantissima. When all the ways are 
bare, this brave bush sends out upon the keen breaths 
of March or April breezes the ineffable sweetness of 
its fragrant flowers. Their perfume comes upon you 
with a thrill in all this air of chill and deadened life, 
and the joy of the coming bloom wakes in you. You 
feast your eyes on the fairy-white blossoms so deli- 
cately flushed with pink. It is almost the first white 



39 

that breaks in spring, and how you love its purity and 
deHcacy and modesty. It is indeed lovely and lovable, 
and its blooming while yet most things are asleep, 
brings with it a renewed sense of the life that is eter- 
nal and inextinguishable, the awakening of purity and 
the fragrance that exhales from good and perfection. 
Silently every year the Creator sends these symbols to 
us. How do we read them ? Go, stand before the bush 
honeysuckle in the bare days of spring and let its mes- 
sage fill your soul with a perfume as real as its fra- 
grance. 

Just beyond the fragrantissima stands an elm with 
smooth and glossy leaves, whose shape and cutting 
tell you at once that it is of the English kith. It is the 
smooth-leaved variety of Ulmus campestris. Notice, 
too, its rather smoothish branches. It is iilmiis cainpe- 
tris, var. laevis (or var. glabra). At the very tip of 
this point of Walk stands a bristly-looking small 
tree, whose vigorous thorns and thick, leathery leaves, 
long wedge-shaped at base, will easily identify it to 
you as a fair specimen of the cockspur thorn. 

Chinese privet and mountain elder will be found near 
the Bridle Path, not far from the Bridge just passed 
on this Walk. The privet has upright branches, oval, 
obtuse leaves ; the elder carries its flowers in a racemic. 

Near the Aviary, south of the Arsenal, quite close 
to the house itself, you will find a well-grown yellow 
or sweet buckeye J^Jscuhis Hava. It has from five to 
seven leaflets palmately arranged. These leaflets are 
rather elliptical in form, gradually narrowing down 
from a broad middle to pointed ends. Their leaf stems 



40 

or petioles are rather flattened toward the base. In 
spring (May) this tree sets up its flowers in erect, 
short and thick panicles. The flowers are distinctly 
yellowish, and their four petals are longer than the 
stamens. These flowers are succeeded by a clean, 
globose fruit, which is smooth and of a pale, rusty- 
looking green. As you look at the smooth husk you 
see that it is covered with fine, scale-like markings. 
The smoothness of the fruit is one of the absolutely 
determining features of the tree, very different from 
the densely-prickled fruits of the zEsculus hippocas- 
taniim, the common horsechestnut, and /Escnlus glabra, 
the Ohio buckeye, which is also pretty well covered 
with prickles. 

Over by the northwest corner of the Arsenal you 
will find a red maple, easily known by its generally 
three-lobed (often five) cordate or heart-shaped bases, 
and, alongside of it, a fine purple-leaved sycamore 
maple. 

In the left-hand corner of the little arm of the Walk 
that runs northward through the Arch beneath Trans- 
verse Road No. I, you will find an excellent specimen 
of the red buckeye Escnlus pavia. Do not confound 
this tree with red-flowered .Esculus riihicvinda, which 
is a hybrid between JEscuJus hippocastanum and Es- 
cnlus pavia. The pavias leaves are oblong lanceolate, 
the ruhiciinda's are like those of the hippocastanum, 
except that they come to a gradually narrowing point, 
whereas the leaves of hippocastanum are obovate and 
abruptly pointed. This tree here is Escnlus pavia, 
with from five to seven leaflets of a clear shining 



41 

green and generally smooth. Its flowers are bright 
red, and its fruit is smooth, oblong and about an inch 
in length, which distinguishes it from the large (about 
two inches broad) roundish fruit of the Hava. 

We will not continue further on this Walk, but go 
back to the Arch by the Cephalotaxus, and follow the 
Walk that trends southward along the shores of the 
Pond. 

This Walk runs on by the Pond, southwards, past 
great masses of the Japan hedgebindweed. Polygonum 
cuspidatiim, embowering a long stretch of the right- 
hand border of the Walk between the junction of the 
path leading under the Arch and the next branching 
of the Walk by the Moore Statue. As you follow 
along by the Polygannm, about midway between the 
two forks, rising up at the water's edge, is a good- 
sized European alder, with leaves noticeably notched 
at the top. You can know it easily by its ''cones," as 
it is the only alder growing here. 

A little further along you come, on the right, to a 
pine tree with short twisted leaves two or three inches 
long, of a glaucous green shade, gathered two together 
in a fascicle or sheath. This is the Scotch pine, and 
it is doing very poorly here, surely. Beyond, close by 
the Walk, on the same side is a fine mass of the For- 
sythia siispensa. You can tell it by its long sweeping 
recurring branches and by its broad ovate leaves, very 
different from the narrow lance-like leaves of the For- 
sythia viridissima. Passing on, you come to a spot 
where the water slips in close to the Walk. Over- 
hanging it, from the northerly shore, are European or 



42 

tree alder and European birch. On the southerly 
shore are several very handsome European beeches, 
with short thick smooth gray trunks, horizontal 
branches and toothless leaves. Here the Walk throws 
off another branch, out to the Drive. There is a bust 
of Moore, the poet, along its northerly side. Just at 
the bend of the branch you will see a handsome haw- 
thorn with elegant shining clean leaves of a beautiful 
dark green and branches set with strong, somewhat 
reddish, thorns. This is Cratccgiis macracantha. Across 
the Walk, at the bend of the southern border, are two 
Van Houtte's spiraeas. If you should follow this 
branch Walk out past Moore's Statue toward the Drive 
you will come upon a fine catalpa and some well-grown 
horsechestnuts. Following the Pond path, southerly, 
you pass near the duck pen, where the water again 
comes very close to the path, several good American 
hornbeams with birch-like leaves and strong muscle- 
like looking branches, smooth bark streaked with fine 
veins of silvery gray. The European hornbeam has 
less of this pronounced muscle-like ridging of its 
branches. On the other side of this little duck pen 
the Walk rambles beside more masses of the Japan 
Polygonum. About midway between the duck pen 
and the next fork of the Walk (the last by the extreme 
southeasterly corner of the Pond) stands another good- 
sized American hornbeam and, beside it, further along, 
is black haw again. On the other side of the path, 
the left as you go south, is a shrub with low sweeping 
branches which arch and curve in beautifully tangled 
masses. This shrub, Cormis stolonifera, as its name 



43 

implies, spreads by underground shoots which grow 
so rapidly and so thickly that the tangled masses be- 
come thicket-like. It is a handsome shrub in winter. 
Then its ruddy branches, noticeably streaked with fine 
gray lines, brighten and glow in brilliant crimson, mak- 
ing a rich sight against the snow. Its leaf is of a 
lighter green, narrower than the flowering dogwood's, 
and pointed. In June this shrub blooms and breaks 
in flat conspicuous cymes of white flowers, and these 
are succeeded in late August by gray-blue or lead- 
colored berries. Just behind this Cornus, toward the 
Drive, is a fine mass of American elder, with compound 
leaves of from seven to eleven leaflets. The lower 
leaflets are often three-parted. 

A little further on you come to the fork of the Walk 
by the lamp and the stairs leading from the Plaza 
Entrance, whence we came down to go around the 
Pond. 

Now let us go back to the first fork of the Walk 
east of the Stone Bridge, and follow its left-hand 
branch, northeasterly toward the Drive. As you come 
near to where this branch opens out into the drive 
walk, on your right you pass a compact hawthorn with 
rather triangular or heart-shaped leaves. These leaves 
are of a beautiful dark lustrous green, and are from 
three to five-lobed. This tree is a fine type of the 
Washington thorn, Cratcegiis cordata. It flowers hand- 
somely in May or June in terminal white corymbs. 
These change into small coral red berries about the 
size of small peas, are ripe in September, and remain 
hanging on the tree long after the leaves have fallen, 



44 

late into the winter, and their ruddy bunches are cheery 
sights when trees are bare and winds are keen and 
whistling. Directly across from the Washington thorn, 
on the left of the path, is Acanthopanax or Aarlia penta- 
phylla, a small shrub, a native of China and Japan, 
with prickly stems, rather sweeping and arching, that 
do well especially "n rock-work effects;. with handsome 
deep green leaves which are usually five-cleft (some- 
times three-cleft) into serrate ovate-lanceolate seg- 
ments which ray out like the fingers of a hand or the 
ribs of a fan. 

Down the slope of the hill a little back of the Acan- 
thopanax, toward the water, you will, if you pass here 
early in September, find a small tree about the size 
of a black haw, with trifoliate leaves and small green 
limes hanging on its branches. This is the Citrus tri- 
foliata, or Japan lemon. In May it blooms in creamy 
white flowers. Passing along to the Drive Walk, we 
will go northwards. But before doing so, perhaps 
you would like to see the Tamarix Indica, just around 
the corner of the Walk's junction, to the south. You 
cannot miss it, for its fine feathery plumes wave by 
the Walk (at your right as you face south) in long 
plumes of the softest green. 

Continuing northward from the Walk's junction, 
you come to a bridge over the Bridle Path. At its 
southwesterly corner stop and look at the handsome 
European hornbeam that flings up its healthy foliage 
close by the bridge here. This is a fine specimen of 
its kind and, as it fruits heavily, it will afford you an 
excellent opportunity to study the differences between 



45 

it and our native hornbeam. The fruit of the Amer- 
ican species has the bracts of its fruit clusters lopped 
off close, while the European has them very much 
longer, giving the bract a halberd-shaped appearance. 
Across the Bridge, a few feet further on, the Drive 
Walk throws off an arm to the left. Let us go with it. 
On your left, as you turn, is an English hawthorn, and 
on your right, a good silver maple. The path runs 
down a series of steps beside great masses of natural 
rock in a most pleasing way. By the top step, at your 
left, are dotted fruited hawthorn, sassafras and For- 
sythia suspensa. The Forsythia is directly to the left 
of the top step, the others are just east of the Forsythia. 
The sassafras has heavy rough bark and leaves of three 
different forms, mitten-shaped with the thumb on either 
side of the leaf, or with both thumbs on one leaf, or 
single lobeless leaves, without thumbs at all. The haw- 
thorn has long thin thorns, wedge-obovate leaves of 
light green and rather thin texture. Directly at the 
right of the top step is pignut hickory. At the left 
of the second step or series of steps is shagbark hickory, 
and at the right of this step, standing side by side, 
are two good persimmon trees. These, by their rough 
heavy bark, might be mistaken for sassafras trees, 
but their entire lobeless leaves (all of them) will save 
you from this mistake. The persimmon carries a 
flower that, to me, is very pretty, a small, pale yellow 
or almost white, urn-shaped affair, very daintily turned. 
The tree belongs to the Ebenacecc or ebony family and 
gets its name Diospyros from two Greek words mean- 
ing Zeus's (Jupiter) fruit. At the third steps on your 



46 

left are two sassafras trees, and on your right, grow- 
ing up on the rock here is a fair-sized white oak. 
Notice its hght granite-gray bark, broken into strip- 
hke plates. Its leaves are of the typical white oak 
form, and the tree is a fair specimen. 

Near the lamp-post, by the Bridle Path, on your 
left, you will find a good young Cratcegus macracantha, 
with glossy dark green oval leaves and stout strong 
thorns. As you go westward, you pass sassafras again 
and then a fine pignut hickory. Beyond the hickory 
on the other side of the path (your right), near the 
spot where the mass of rock melts down to the ground, 
a sturdy white ash throws out its spreading branches. 
You can tell it by its bark alone — a beautiful cross-work 
of lozenge-shaped plates which in winter is a joy to 
the eye. This ash tree stands directly by the Walk 
where the large mass of glacier-smoothed rock rolls 
its bulk down to the ground. The tree has compound 
leaves, made up of from seven to nine ovate or lance- 
ovate leaflets. Just before you come to the ash, on 
your right, is a tall well grown American chestnut. 

As you go on, about half way between the white 
ash and the next bend of the Walk, which is directly 
at right angles (off to the right and northward) you 
will find a rather upright bush about five feet high, 
with quite a maze of branches for so modest a shrub. 
This feature alone sets your eye wondering, especially 
if you come upon it in the winter. It is the panicled 
dogwood and has simple, opposite, entire leaves, which 
are quite pointed, generally lance-ovate in shape, 
lightish beneath, and with an acute base. In early 



47 

summer it blooms in conspicuous cymes, distinctly 
panicled, of cream-white flowers, and these are suc- 
ceeded in late August by zvhite berries on red stems. 
This shrub is often confused with Cornus striata, from 
its upright form of growth. But stricta has both sides 
of the leaves green and carries pale blue berries. 

Diagonally opposite the panicled dogwood, a little 
east of south, just over the fence at your left, gathered 
in tangled but pleasing bramble, you will find the 
European blackberry, Rubus frviticosus. This blooms 
in early spring with pretty rosette-Hke pink double 
flowers. You will know it by its blackberry-like leaves. 
Diagonally opposite the panicled dogwood, a little west 
of south, close by the fence, with conspicuously three- 
lobed leaves, you will easily recognize the handsome 
Japan ivy Ampelopsis tricuspidata. This vine has the 
added beauty of having variegated leaves. A little 
beyond the Ampelopsis, a good-sized cockspur thorn 
stands by the fence, on your left, and throws over the 
Walk its beautiful glossy wedge-oval leaves, broad at 
the top and narrowing to a tapering base. Its long, 
slender but very sharp thorns will identify it for you. 
The cockspur usually develops a very flattish head, and 
this tree shows the characteristic mark. 

As the Walk makes its bend to the right and climbs 
a rise toward the swings, almost in the elbow of its 
turn, on your right, is a white oak. As you go up 
the rise, just beyond the lamp-post at the bend of the 
Walk, out by the border of the Bridle Path, south- 
westerly, is sweet gum — a tall rough-barked tree with 
good-sized star-shaped leaves. As the path ascends, 



48 

a little above the Arbor, you will find standing, almost 
opposite to each other, two catalpas, with large heart- 
shaped leaves and light grayish bark. Beyond them 
the path forks, the left branch running up to the Kin- 
derberg, the right around by the swings to the Dairy. 
Beyond the swings, as you go toward the Dairy, you 
come to an interesting tree on the left of the Walk. 
At first glance you might mistake this tree for our 
native white ash, similar to the one you passed down 
by the Rock Walk near the panicled dogwood. But 
look at the leaves closely. They are compound and of 
five leaflets, with the leaflets opposite (except the ter- 
minal one). These features say "ash" to you, and ash 
the tree is ; but not white ash. Wherein lies the dif- 
ference? Look at the leaf-stems, the petioles of the 
leaflets, and the end shoots of the branches. Do you 
see the very marked pubescence? Note also the dark, 
lustrous, glossy shining green of the upper sides of 
the leaves and the rather rusty pubescence on the un- 
dersides. These show the tree to be Bose's red ash. 
The white ash has smooth leaf-stems and smooth ter- 
minal branches, with a more silvery whitishness on the 
undersides. It is the pubescence which distinguishes 
the red ash. The tree gets its botanical specific name 
pubescens from this feature. Its common name red 
ash is derived from the darker color of its wood. 
To the left of the red ash, almost in a line with it 
and the persimmon across the Walk, is a shrub about 
ten or fifteen feet high with pointed ovate lanceolate 
leaves, glossy and not serrated. This is Fontanesia 
Fortunei, a pleasing shrub introduced from China. 





Bosc's Red Ash {Fra.xiims piibcscciis, var. Bosci) 
Map I. No. 98. 



49 

It gets its name from Desfontaines, a French botanist. 
In May or June it sends out its creamy-white flower 
clusters in both terminal and auxiliary racemes or 
panicles. The Fontanesia has rather quadrangular 
branches and flat-winged seeds. 

The next fork of the Walk, close by the Dairy, shows 
in its left-hand corner a handsome Japan quince which 
bears crimson flowers early in the spring, and directly 
opposite to it, in the bend of the right-hand fork, is 
a Persian lilac which blooms in May with handsome 
lilac-colored flowers. 

If you follow the right-hand fork past the Dairy, 
and toward the Drive, just beyond the Dairy, on your 
left, you will find a honeysuckle which somewhat re- 
sembles the fly honeysuckle. It stands on your left, 
about half way between the Dairy and the large Pau- 
lownia which you easily recognize by its little ^'grape- 
bunches" of flower buds and catalpa-like leaves. The 
Paulownia is midway between the Dairy and Drive, 
on the left. But to come back to the honeysuckle. It 
is the Standish's honeysuckle (Lonicera Standishii). 
It is an early bloomer, coming out in March or April 
with very fragrant white or blusH-tinted flowers on 
hairy footstalks. Its delicate blossoms give the bush 
a dainty look lovely to see, while yet the paths are 
lined with bare shrubs and trees. The leaves of this 
honeysuckle lack the cusp at the top of the leaves 
which so characterizes the fragrantissima. The leaves 
of the Standishii are leathery (coriaceous) and have 
ciliate or hairy margins. In form the leaf is ovate- 
lance shape and has a hard finish appearance, especially 



50 

on the upper side. The branches of the honeysuckle 
are also hairy. It is a native of China, but has been 
naturalized in England and this country. 

Coming back now to the fork of the Walk by the 
Dairy, let us take the left-hand branch and go west- 
ward and northward. Just beyond the Japan quince, 
on your left, is Cratcegiis macracantha, with its glossy 
oval leaves. Opposite to it, on the right of the Walk, 
is shadbush with its beautifully marked bark, steel- 
gray with darker lines like veins streaking it in a 
way which if once noted will never be forgotten. This 
is its special winter mark and its glory. The shad- 
bush is very beautiful in early spring when it sends 
out its cherry-like blossoms in white flowered racemes 
from the ends of the branches just before its leaves 
begin to appear. Its leaves are very finely serrate, 
one of nature's specimens of art work in leaf cutting. 
They are about three inches long, varying from a 
rather oblong shape to a roundish or heart-shaped 
form. The fruit of the shrub is a small globular berry 
of a beautifully purplish color and about half an inch 
in diameter. It is edible and good to the taste. Con- 
tiauing on your left, you meet sycamore maple, just 
this side of the lamp-post, which directly fronts the 
northerly arm of the Walk. Let us proceed now along 
this northerly arm. At our left is cornelian cherry of 
the dogwood family, which is almost the earliest of 
the shrubs to break into bloom. When the crow black 
birds send out their wheezy cackling calls you can look 
for the pretty close-clustered clover-looking yellow 
flowers of the cornelian cherry. They burst out in 



51 

little bunches along the bare branches and, at a little 
distance away, look very clover-like. Its flowers are 
succeeded by beautiful light-yellow berries, which, in 
early fall, change to shining scarlet. You will know 
it by its leaves, which say ''dogwood" to you the 
moment you see them. Opposite the cornelian cherry 
is fly honeysuckle. A little further on, at your right, 
you pass fine bushes of the strawberry shrub (diag- 
onally opposite the lamp on the left), with large leaves, 
and, in the angle of the next branch of the Walk, 
as it bears away to the left, is common lilac. Opposite 
the lilac, across the Walk, is Koelreuteria, and back of 
this, oak-leaved hydrangea, whose noticeably oak-like 
leaves easify identify it. Following the right-hand 
branch of the fork here, down toward the Arch below, 
you will find a fine fringe-tree, standing close by an 
Austrian pine, quite near the Arch on your left. Its 
leaves are entire (not cut), and are set oppositely on 
the branch. The shrub, or small tree, blooms in June, 
with lovely fringe-like masses or white flowers. Dark 
blue purple berries, covered with a bloom, succeed 
the flowers. These berries are about half an inch 
long. 

Then, if you come back and follow the left branch, 
westward toward the Drive, you pass on your right, 
about half way to the Drive, hop-tree. You will know 
it by its leaves, which are compound, and made up of 
three leaflets. From its wafer or elm-like seeds,, 
broadly winged about the margin, it gets its name 
Ptelea, derived from the Greek word for elm. Indeed, 
if you do not know the tree and should come upon it 



52 

when it is in full fruit, you might easily mistake its 
seeds for elm seeds. But, of course, its leaves will 
set you right. The tree blooms with quite conspicuous 
flowers in June, greenish-white cymes which smell 
rather disagreeably. The Walk you are now on leads 
out upon a Walk that runs alongside the Drive. Just 
as you come out upon the Drive-walk, you will see, 
clustered close together on your left, three good-sized 
white pines with horizontal boughs, fine delicate 
needles, from three to five inches long, gathered to- 
gether in bundles of five. 

On your right, opposite the pines, is a large clump 
of Rhodotypos, and behind it, tall and spire-like, a fine 
bald cypress, with beautiful feather-like leaves. Here 
we have come to the Drive-walk. If you turn to the 
left, and go back southerly toward Fifty-ninth Street, 
you will pass, about midway between the junction here 
and the Arch over the Transverse Road, a good clump 
of box. This is on the border of the Walk, on your 
left, as you go south. Just beyond, you come to a 
Bridge which spans the Transverse Road. If you 
stand on it and face east, in its left-hand corner, is 
English elm, and, down by the road, at the right, ris- 
ing up and flashing its glossy leaves, close within 
reach, is a good osage orange. The osage orange's 
branches show small thorns or spines in the axils of the 
leaves, and, on this tree, they are very strong and 
easily seen. If you take the northerly branch from the 
junction of the Walks by the three white pines and 
bald cypress above, it will lead you by some Philadel- 
phus Gordoniamis, on your right, bordering the Walk. 



Explanations, Map No. 2 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. Common Horsechestnut. 

2. English Elm. 

3. European Silver Linden. 

4. European Copper Beech. 

5. Spicebush. 

6. Oleaster or Wild Olive. 

7. European White Birch. 

8. Ninebark. 

9. Snowy Hydrangea. 

10. Red Maple. 

11. Scarlet Oak. 

12. American or White Elm. 

13. Scotch or Wych Elm. 

14. Chestnut Oak. 

15. English Field Maple. 

16. Scarlet-fruited Thorn. 

17. Siberian Crab Apple. 

18. Cottonwood or Carolina 

Poplar. 

1 9 . American Hornbeam , Blue 

Beech, Water Beech. 

20. Thunberg's Barberry. 

21. Fly Honeysuckle. 

22. Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

23. Silver or White Maple. 

24. Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

25. False Indigo. 

26. Indian Bean Tree or 

Southern Catalpa. 

27. Smoke Tree. 

28. Choke Cherry. 

29. Cup Plant. 

30. American Holly. 

31. Shellbark or Shagbark 

Hickory. 
7,2. Sassafras. 



jEscuIus hippocastanum. 

Ulmus campestris. 

Ttlia EuropcFG, var. argentea. 

Fagus syLvatica, var. cuprea. 

Benzoin benzoin. 

ElcBQgnus angustifolia. 

Betula alba. 

Physocarpus (or Spircea) opu- 

lifolia. 
Hydrangea nivea {or radiata). 
Acer rubrum. 
Quercus coccmea. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Ulmus Montana. 
Quercus prinus. 
Acer campestre. 
Cratcegus coccinea. 
Pyrus baccata. 
Populus monilifera. 

Carpins Caroliniana. 

Berber is Thunbergii. 
Lonicera xylosteum. 
Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Amopha fruticosa. 
Catalpa bignonioides . 

Rhus cotinus. 
Prunus Virginiana. 
Silphium perfoliatunt 
Ilex opaca. 
Carya alba. 

Sassafras officinale. 



58 



Common Name 

;^;^. Paper Mulberry. 

34. Black Alder or Common 

Winterberry. 

35. Chinese Cork Tree. 

36. White Poplar or Abele 

Tree. 

37. Californian Privet. 

38. Sugar or Rock Maple. 

39. Sweet Gum or Bilsted. 

40. European Beech. 

41. Red Mulberry. 

42. European Linden. 

43. Honey Locust. 

44. European Beech. 

45. European Cherry, Maha- 

leb Cherry. 

46. American White Ash. 

47. Black Cherry. 

48. Swamp White Oak. 

49. Silver or White Maple. 

50. White Oak. 

51. Hop Hornbeam or Iron- 

wood. 

52. White Pine. 

53. Double-flowering Chinese 

Crab Apple. 

54. White Mulberry. 

55. Common Privet. 

56. Washington Thorn. 

57. Common Locust. 

58. Common Buckthorn. 

59. Rose of Sharon or Althaea 

(White flowers). 

60. Large-flowered Mock 

Orange or Syringa. 

61. Large-flowered Syringa. 

62. Sour Gum Tupelo or 

Pepperidge. 

63. Black Cherry. 

64. Pignut or Broom Hickory. 

65. English Hawthorn. 



Botanical Name 

Broussonetia papyrifera. 
Ilex verticillata. 

Phellodendron Amurense. 
Populus alba. 

Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
Acer saccharinum. 
Liquidamdar styraciflua. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Morus rubra. 
Tilia Europcca. 
Gledtschia triacanthos. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Prunus Mahaleb. 

Fraxinus Americana. 
Prunus serotina. 
Quercus bicolor. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Quercus alba. 
Ostrya Virginica. 

Pinus strobus. 

Pyrus Malus, var. spectabilis 

flore plena. 
Morus alba. 
Ligustrum vulgare. 
CratcBgus cordata. 
Robinia pseudacacia. 
Rhamnus cathartica. 
Hibiscus Syriacus. 

Philadelphus grandifiorus. 

Philadelphus grandifiorus. 
Nyssa sylvatica. 

Prunus serotina. 
Carya porcina. 
Cratcegus oxyacantha. 



59 



Common Name 

66. Austrian Pine. 

67. Tulip Tree. 

68. Paulo wnia. 

69. Turkey Oak. 

70. English Oak. 

71. Oriental Plane Tree. 

72. French Tamarisk. 

73. Many-flowered Oleaster. 

74. Rhodotypos. 

75. Norway Maple. 

76. Bass wood. 

77. Cockspur Thorn. 

78. Hop Tree or Shrubby Tre 

foil. 

79. Rhodotypos. 

80. Siberian Pea Tree. 

81. Austrian Pine. 

82. Sycamore Maple. 

83. European Copper Beech. 

84. Black Haw. 

85. Japonicum or Japan 

burnum. 

86. Black Walnut. 

87. Common Buckthorn. 

88. Siberian Pea Tree. 

89. Weeping Forsythea 

Golden Bell. 

90. Ailanthus or Tree 

Heaven. 

91. Oriental Plane Tree. 

92. Barbary Box Thorn 

or Matrimony Vine. 

93. False Indigo. 

94. Pin or Swamp Spanish 

Oak. 

95. European Purple Beech. 



96. Common Pear. 

97. Japan Quince. 

98. English Hawthorn (Pink 

double flowers). 



Botanical Name 

Pinus Austriaca. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Paulownia imperialis. 
Quercus cerris. 
Quercus robur. 
Plalanus Orientalis. 
Tamarix Gallic a. 
ElcBagnus multiflora. 
Rhodotypos kerrioides. 
Acer platanoides . 
Tilia Americana. 
CratcBgus crus-galli. 
Ptelea trifoliata. 

Rhodotypos kerrioides. 
Caragana arborescens. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea. 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Viburnum tomentosum. 

Juglans nigra. 
Rhamnus cathartica. 
Caragana arborescens. 
or Forsythia suspensa. 

of Ailanthus glandulosus. 

Platanus Orientalis. 
Lycium barbarum. 



Vi- 



Amorpha fruticosa. 
Quercus palustris. 

Fagus sylvatica, var atropur- 

purea. 
Pyrus communis . 
Cydonia Japonica. 
CratcEgus oxyacantha. 



6o 



Common Name 

99. Bush or Fortune's Deut- 

zia (Single white flow- 
ers). 

100. Bush Deutzia, variety 

Rochester (Flowers 
white, tinged on the 
outside with pinkish 
purple). 

10 1. Ash. [Hybrid.] (This 

is an intermediate form 
between the red and 
the green ash.) 



Botanical Name 
Deutzia crenata (or scabra). 



Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of 
Rochester. 



Fraxinus. 



II. 

THE BALL GROUND AND VICINITY. 

As you enter the Park at the Seventh Avenue Gate, 
Fifty-ninth Street, the flash and luster of privet meets 
you on both sides of the Walk. Bedded in with it, 
on the right, about half way between the street and 
the little guard house by the Walk, you will see a 
fine bush of the Lonicera fragrantissima, which you 
have met before. Then, still on your right, you pass 
a good-sized horsechestnut, with large gummy buds 
in winter. About half way between this tree and the 
cross-walk beyond, stands a healthy English elm, and 
at the corner of the cross-walk a couple of very hand- 
some copper beeches. You will know these easily by 
their short trunks, light granite-gray bark, horizontal 
branches with pointed cigar-shaped buds and toothless 
hairy-margined (ciliate) leaves, copper-colored in early 
spring and early summer. Later in the season these 
leaves burn off their fires and grow softly bronze green. 

In passing the English elm spoken of below I hope 
you noted the large handsome sugar-loaf or haystack- 
shaped tree which stands a little to the east and south 
of the English elm. This tree is a handsome specimen 
of the European silver linden. Note its beautiful, 
smooth, steel-gray, rounded branches rising like pipes 
from the short thick-set trunk and ending in fine sprays 
of twigs which fret the winter sky with a beauty all 



62 

their own. In winter the tree is especially beautiful. 
Then the clear, sharp, crystaline living sunshine brings 
out all the silver of its bark and makes a wonder 
work in light and shade of its organ-like branches 
and slender twigs. Come upon it on one of our 
sparkling mid-winter days ; then it is a veritable blaze 
of steel, and your eye will rove over its beauty with 
a joy as keen as the play of the sunshine itself. In 
foliage, the silver linden may be known by its heart- 
shaped leaves, unequally sided, glossy and shining 
green above and silvery white on the undersides. 
Its flowers, which break out usually in June, are in 
clusters from leafy bracts with the petals set open so 
widely (when fully blown) as to appear almost star- 
like. These flowers of the European silver linden 
are especially interesting from the presence of the 
petaloid scale at the base of its petals. This scale is 
not present in the common European linden (T. Euro- 
pcea). The flowers break out in June and are very 
fragrant. These are succeeded by ovoid fruits which 
are distinctly five-angled or ribbed. This ribbed fruit 
is noticeably different from that of our own basswood, 
v/hose fruit is large, round and very woolly or pubes- 
cent. Truly the European silver linden is an elegant 
tree, handsome in bark and form and foliage, and when 
its rich leaves are turning to the caress of summer 
zephyrs, how beautiful are those sudden bursts of 
silver that drift through their deep green. 

On the left of the Walk here, almost directly op- 
posite the purple beeches, you will find spicebush. You 
will do well to see the shrub in spring. When the 



63 

purple grackle is sending out his wheezy call over the 
bare trees, flashing his irridescent neck in the blaze 
of a sun that has still the edge of winter in its golden 
light, when the alder and the hazel are beginning to 
drop their lace-like veils, when the air is full of that 
indescribable perfume of damp ground and mouldy 
turf, when every whiff of the pungent breeze is a 
poem of spring, see this bush set its pretty little 
yellow flowers along its dusky branches as a sure 
sign that spring is here. I cannot tell with what de- 
light I always behold it! Together with the outburst 
of the Cornelian cherry, its sight always sends a thrill 
through me. The flowers are so small, so delicate, 
so fairy-like and cling so closely to the branches, they 
seem to huddle cheerily together as if they scarcely 
quite dared to be out at all. You cannot mistake them. 
Their tiny little umbels, sessile, or nearly so, hang 
close to the branch, in dense clover-like bunches, very 
similar, to the passing eye, to those of the Cornelian 
cherry. They break out along the branches before 
the leaves appear. The flowers change into beautiful 
red berries which are ripe in the autumn. You can 
easily know this shrub by the spicy smell of its leaves 
and twigs, which are very aromatic. It is this feature 
which has given the bush its common name. Its 
leaves are entire, that is, not serrated or cut; are ob- 
long ovate and are set alternately along the branches. 
The bush has its terminal twigs rather greenish, but 
its older branches are of a dull slaty gray or dusty 
black and are noticeably speckled with little dots or 
spots. 



64 

At the junction of Walks here, one cross-walk runs 
off to the east and one to the west. Let us now fol- 
low the easterly or right-hand one. Beyond the cop- 
per beeches, a short distance, out on the smooth green 
of the lawn, about midway between the Walk and the 
Street, stands a white birch. It is the European white 
birch, Betula alba. You can tell it chiefly by its leaves 
which are rather small and ovate, slightly deltoid, and 
rather unequally cut on the margins. You can dis- 
tinguish it from our native canoe or paper birch by its 
bark and trunk alone. The trunk of the canoe birch 
is plump and rounded, of a cleaner, more chalky 
white, and far less marked with the "eyebrows" or 
dark streaks where the branches shoot out from the 
trunk. But if these points of difference are not enough, 
examine the leaves. They will surely set you right. 
The leaf of the paper birch is heart-shaped at the base 
and long ovate with a tapering point. The only other 
white birch this tree might be taken for, by the novice, 
is the American white or gray birch, the leaf of which 
is distinctly triangular and exceedingly taper-pointed, 
with a decidedly truncate and broad base. Our gray 
birch's bark is of a cream white and often flushed 
with a beautiful reddish tinge. On young trees the 
tinge is of a deep salmon or copper hue. So the 
white birches are very easily distinguished. 

Just in front of the European birch is a clump of 
ninebark with trifoliate-shaped leaves and, in front of 
the ninebark, a smaller bush with leaves which are 
distinctly white or "snowy" on the undersides. This 
is Hydrangea nivea, and in June or July it lifts over 



6s 

its beautiful leaves the flat white clusters or cymes of 
its flowers. The outer ring of these flowers are sterile 
and are very much larger than the inner or fertile 
flowers. Botanists say this is to attract the insects to 
the flowers. When the wind touches the leaves of this 
shrub it makes it a thing of wondrous beauty. I have 
seen it leap from its dark sober green into instant 
snow at the magic touch of the breeze. Then it is 
all life and Hght and flame and fire, and its animation 
seems a joy. You feel that it, too, loves the breeze, 
and that it is reveling in it as you are. 

Beyond the hydrangea, still following the right 
hand of the path, is red maple, with brittle grayish 
branches. The red maple is very lovely in the spring 
when it flushes with its crimson bloom. Here the 
Walk begins to swing a httle to the northeasterly, and 
at the Arbor, just beyond, bends about due east. As 
you come to this very cosy little rustic Arbor, there 
are several things which will claim your attention. 
All are gathered close together, very near the Arbor, 
on your right as you approach it. First, you come 
to black alder or common winterberry. Ilex verticil- 
lata. It is a shrub with spreading grayish branches 
and obovate leaves, pointed at the tip and wedge- 
shaped at the base. This shrub is conspicuous in the 
fall of the year by reason of its berries, which are 
brilliant scarlet, rounded and rather flattened at the 
top. You will see them singly or two or three in a 
cluster, in the axils of the leaves. The bush blooms 
in late May or early June with very small greenish 
white flowers. Beyond the black alder is a good pep- 



66 



per bush, known easily in winter by the dried fruit 
racemes which cHng to its branches in spike-Hke rows 
of bottle-shaped capsules. Then you come to arrow- 
wood with its beautiful saw-cut leaves, pepper bush 
again, and then to three bushes of Forsythia viridis- 
sima, with lance-like leaves. 

Just east of the Arbor is American elm, and a little 
distance beyond it, close by the Walk, stands another 
beautiful red maple. In the point, on the right, where 
this Walk meets the Walk from Sixth Avenue Gate, 
which we followed in the previous ramble, you will 
find a fine Scotch elm which you can recognize easily 
by its leaf alone. This is broad at the top, with a 
longish point, and often with some lesser points shoot- 
ing out very noticeably from its end. The flowers of 
the Scotch elm are of a purplish green, in close dense 
clover-like clusters, and these change into large winged 
seeds. The seeds, and often the wings, are beautifully 
flushed with purple. The wing of the fruit is round, 
oval, and slightly notched at the end. 

Let us go on a little here and follow the left swing 
of the Walk northward to the Drive, and then retrace 
our steps to the cross-walk which we met soon aftef 
we came in at the Seventh Avenue Gate. 

About midway between the junction here and the 
Drive to the north, with its foot well gripped to the 
rocks on your right, stands a sturdy young American 
holly (Hex opaca). You know it is holly immediately, 
by its leaves, set so bravely with spines, and you know 
it is the American species by its flattish leaf of a dead 
dully finished green. The leaf of the European holly 



67 

is glossy and burnished, and pale yellow on the under 
side. Another mark which distinguishes our native 
holly from the European, is the margin of its leaf 
which has not the very noticeable whitish and trans- 
lucent edge that garnishes the border of the Euro- 
pean species. 

By the border of the Walk and near the Drive, on 
your left, is a clump of the cup plant (Silphiiim per- 
foliatum) which you will have no difficulty in recog- 
nizing by its very smooth square stems rising from 
five to ten feet in height, and set with large opposite 
coarsely-toothed ovate leaves which come together 
about the stem (connate) at their bases in a kind of 
cup. The cup gathers water from the rains and dews, 
and holds it in reserve for the uses of the plant. It 
is this feature which has given the plant its name. 

Let us now turn at this point and go back the cross- 
walks near the Seventh Avenue Gate, noting the things 
we pass on our right — the northerly border of the 
Walk along which we have just rambled. 

Up on the rocky bank, about diagonally opposite 
the Scotch elm, stands a young shagbark hickory. 
You can tell it easily by its scaly bark which seems 
to blister from the trunk, and shag from it in curv- 
ing ends. Its leaves, too, are distinctly compound, 
made up of five leaflets, with the two lower ones much 
smaller than the others. A little nearer the Walk, 
and beyond the hickory, to the west, a sassafras rises 
from beside a rock. If it is in foliage, its mitten- 
shaped leaves will be enough to fix it for you. But 
in winter you can tell it by its heavy, deeply-fissured 



68 

bark, which seems to run in plates of some several 
inches in length at rather regular intervals. This 
plating of the sassafras bark alv^ays reminds me of 
the little bundles of kindling v^ood sold at grocer's 
stores. If you once get this feature fixed in your 
eye you can always tell a sassafras by its bark alone. 
The sassafras blooms in the spring with yellow-green 
flowers in small close clusters. These change into 
small bluish berries which are ripe in September. In 
the autumn this tree is in its glory, and its leaves 
fairly flame with orange and scarlet, cooling off into 
the most beautiful shades of crimson and purple. 
It may be interesting to add that the tree belongs to 
the laurel family. 

Beyond the sassafras, about opposite the red maple 
on the south side of the Walk, you will see a spread- 
ing shrub with branches which seem trying hard to 
sprawl over the lawn, in a crab-like manner. Come 
here and stand before it in June. Then it lives up to 
its name — smoke tree — fairly bursting with some un- 
seen fire, which you feel must be raging under all 
those rolling puffs of cloudy fluff which have changed 
the shrub as by magic into a miracle of beauty. Truly, 
in bloom, it is well named, and as you stand and gaze 
upon it, its smoke seems held as by enchantment, and 
you half expect the spell to break and to see the cloud 
rise in curling wreaths, and float away upon the breeze. 
Strictly speaking, this fluffy condition takes place just 
after the delicate flowers (greenish in terminal or 
axillary clusters) have been fully developed, when the 
calyx and corolla have fallen away, and the pedicel 



69 

(flower stem) lengthens and branches out into dense 
hairy feathery fluff. The leaf of this tree is smooth, 
of clear green, entire, and obovate in shape, swing- 
ing easily on a slender petiole. 

About due north of this smoke tree, across the 
Drive, stand three Kentucky coffee trees, in a close 
cluster, east of a lamp-post, and due north of the 
Kentucky coffee trees is a large handsome ash tree 
with dark lustrous green compound leaves. This is 
a very interesting tree, for it is slightly pubescent 
about the bases of the leaf stems and in the axils of 
the leaflets. It is, therefore, a fair type of the inter- 
mediate form of ash between the red and the white, 
the white being smooth, and the red densely pubescent. 
You note that on this tree the end branches are mostly 
smooth. 

Off to the northeast of this tree is a magnificent 
clump of Japan quince, which is a glory of crimson in 
the spring. It is superb. Just beside this, also to the 
northeast of it, is a lovely pink double-flowered variety 
of the English hawthorn. To the right of the quince, 
northwest, is a healthy specimen of the English haw- 
thorn proper. This has white flowers in May. A 
fine old Mahaleb cherry stands above these three 
beauties. To the north, beyond the Mahaleb, side by 
side, are two glorious purple beeches. It was my 
very good fortune to see the lovely white bloom of 
the hawthorn against the rich dark purple of these 
two beeches, and it was a sight I shall not forget. To 
the left of the beeches is a pretty young black haw, 
which you can identify easily by the little crimson 



70 

wings or flanges on its leaf stem (petiole). The 
black haw gets its name from its fruit, which is deep 
blue or black purple when ripe. Its botanical specific 
name pnmi folium refers to its plum or cherry (prunus) 
like leaves. To the west of the black haw is common 
pear. 

Let us now come back to the smoke tree near the 
Walk along which we were following. Just northwest? 
of the smoke tree is Catalpa bignonioides, about op- 
posite the easterly end of the Arbor, on the left of the 
Walk. Out on the stretch of lawn, midway between 
Walk and Drive, is a shrub with small oval locust- 
like leaves set alternately along the leaf stem, from 
eleven to twenty-one in number. You might mistake 
the shrub for a bristly locust a little distance away, as 
its appearance is quite similar. In summer it wakes 
to bloom, and, if you should pass it then, you would 
surely stop to admire its long finger-like racemes of 
deep purple. Indeed, they have almost a velvety look, 
and the orange anthers (the pollen-bearing parts of 
the stamens) set them off beautifully. These spike- 
like racemes change into fruit clusters which cling to 
the shrub through the autumn and often through the 
winter. They are made up of tiny curved pods, and 
make an easy means of identifying the shrub in your 
winter rambles. Just west of this Amorpha, is fra- 
grant honeysuckle, and west of the honeysuckle stand 
two silver maples, with black cherry beyond. Not far 
from these, diagonally across, by the Drive, is a lamp- 
post, and south of the lamp-post, a handsome scarlet 
oak, in the full pride of its dark glossy green leaves 



71 

so beautifully lobed, shakes the light from its healthy 
foliage in flashes of white fire. 

As you follow the Walk back, westward, just as you 
come to the cross-walks before mentioned, in the north- 
easterly corner of the junction, two Scotch elm stand 
side by side. Back of these, up on the ridge of rock 
that rises abruptly, you will find a good specimen of 
the chestnut oak. You can tell it easily, even at a 
distance, by its distinctive leaves. These are obovate 
and wavy margined, running in coarse easy cuttings, 
like an old-fashioned cookie. On the undersides of 
the leaves the ribs show prominently, about ten to 
sixteen pairs, usually. It stands a little southeast of 
the lamp that guards the north fork of the crossways 
here. 

Before we take this northerly trend of the Walk 
(the one which goes on under the Arch ahead) there 
are some things to see along the left branch of the 
junction here. 

Up the bank on your right as you go westward, 
there is a pretty young hawthorn of the variety coc- 
cinea. It stands about midway between a Scotch elm 
and a Cottonwood. The cottonwood you can tell by 
its spade-shaped leaves and flattened leaf stems, the 
hawthorn by its thorns. This hawthorn is commonly 
called the scarlet-fruited hawthorn on account of the 
very large (half an inch) round or pear-shaped scarlet 
berries it bears in September. The leaf of this haw- 
thorn is of a beautiful light green, very regularly lobed, 
and roundish ovate in form. It is a thin leaf compared 
with the leaves of the other hawthorns in the Park. 



72 

Compared with the thick leathery leaf of the cock- 
spur, it is almost tender. Its leaf is so regularly cut, 
you can identify it by this feature alone. The lobes 
run out in points behind each other in almost a straight 
line like a series of steps. 

On the other side of the Walk, your left, just around 
the corner from the spicebush, already described, you 
will find a very downy-leaved honeysuckle. These 
leaves are especially downy when young, later they 
get smooth. They are rather heart-shaped and hairy 
on the edges. This soft-leaved bush is the fly honey- 
suckle (Lonicera .rylosteum) , and in May it sends out 
fragrant white (changing to yellow) flowers which 
have nearly equal lobes and a very unequal-sided base. 
This gives the flower a two-lipped appearance. The 
flowers are succeeded by beautiful red berries. 

If you follow this path westward, a little beyond the 
Bridle Path, you will come to a tree near the right- 
hand border of the Walk which may impress you as 
looking very much like a willow. Its general appear- 
ance, from a little distance, is very willow-like, but 
the tree is really of quite a different family. It is an 
oleaster (Elceagnus) and belongs to the ElceagnacecB, 
or oleaster family. Its leaves are narrow (lanceolate), 
and silvery white on the under sides, with a decided 
scurf. In July it puts out its flowers, fragrant and 
spicy, small little tubes of yellow with four petals, 
yellow on the inside, but silvery white on the outside. 
This tree stands near a hop-tree and a large thorned 
hawthorn. The hop-tree has compound leaves made 
up of three leaflets, and the hawthorn, C. macracantha, 



73 

has glossy, oval leaves of a satin-like finish, and 
branches, with strong thorns. 

Let us now come back to the junction of cross-walks, 
and follow the continuation of the Walk, which began 
at the Seventh Avenue Gate northward under the Arch 
beneath the Drive, toward the Ball Ground. 

Just before you pass under the Arch, on your right, 
a well-grown American hornbeam leans out its leaves 
to you. You can pick it out easily by its smooth- 
barked trunk and branches, which are ridged here and 
there with gentle swellings that give them a muscle- 
like look. This muscular effect is chiefly the charac- 
teristic of the American species. Note, too, the fine 
silvery veining of the smooth gray bark, and how 
closely the tree's leaves resemble those of the birch. 
Indeed, this resemblance is so r>triking in the Euro- 
pean species of hornbeam that it has given the tree 
its botanical name, Carpiims betnlns. The staminate 
flowers, in drooping catkins, make the tree very beauti- 
ful in spring, veiling it with a hanging cloud of lace. 
The pollen-bearing anthers are under the bracts of the 
catkins. The fertile flowers are at the ends of the 
branches, Httle crimson-tipped feathers of pistils wound 
up in a leafy cluster, so small and delicate you would 
scarcely notice them had you not looked for them. 
These are succeeded by conspicuous clusters of hal- 
berd-shaped seed bracts, very large in the European 
variety. 

On passing through the Arch, you meet, close by, 
on your left, a lamp-post. Up the bank, almost west 
of the lamp-post, back of the bushes by the Walk, there 



74 

stands a very interesting tree, with ailanthus-like leaves. 
It is the Chinese cork tree {Phellodendron Amnreiise), 
and if you should pass it in autumn, you should stop 
to admire its bright red leaves and its black pea-shaped 
berries in grape-like clusters, which remain on the 
tree late in winter. The leaves of this tree are com- 
pound, opposite, from one to three feet long and look 
very much like ailanthus leaves. The leaflets, long, 
taper-pointed, are arranged opposite each other in two 
to six pairs, with an odd one at the end. In June it 
flowers in not very conspicuous greenish open clusters 
at the ends of the branches. The drupe-like fruit con- 
tains five small seeds. Back of this tree, up the bank 
a little, to the northwest, stands a paper mulberry with 
a bark which seems to be faintly banded at intervals 
along its trunk with tinges of gray, a few shades 
darker than the pinkish gray of the rest of the trunk. 
Its leaves are very rough on the upper sides, but soft 
and downy beneath. They have several shapes, ovate 
or heart-shaped, lobed variously like mulberry leaves, 
mitten form, with the thumb on either side, or perhaps 
both thumbs on the same mitten. The tree flowers 
very inconspicuously, with greenish catkins in the 
spring, but its fruit it quite conspicuous — globular 
heads, dark scarlet, insipidly sweet. These are ripe in 
August. The paper mulberry is of foreign origin, 
cultivated from Japan and China. Although it be- 
longs to the same family group or order (nettle fam- 
ily) as the Morns (mulberry), it does not belong to 
that genus. It gets its name from the French botanist 
P. N. V. Broussonet. A little further on, still on your 



75 

right, tall and majestic, with the poise of a sachem, 
and a bark whose rugged strength fills your eye with 
joy, a noble old cottonwood shakes its thousand glis- 
tening spear-heads of leaves, challenging the flashing 
sun. A little further along, on your left, is Catalpa 
bignonioides again, with its rambling sprawl of 
branches and large heart-shaped leaves. 

Near the Bridge, which you meet just ahead, and 
which spans the Bridle Path, you will see on your 
left, as you continue northward, a good-sized tree, sadly 
shattered in limb by a long battle with the elements. 
It has lost many a branch, but it has a stout old heart, 
and stands there still fighting on. You can know it 
easily by its leaves, thick glossy dark green on the 
upper sides, but on the under so white that when the 
breeze touches them, drifts of snow show swiftly here 
and there through the lustrous foliage, like a sudden 
smile lighting up an aged face. This stanch old tree 
is a white poplar or abele tree, Popiilus alba, and has 
very wavy toothed thick leaves of a roundish, rather 
heart-shaped form. Their undersides are cottony 
white, in strong contrast with the glossy dark green 
of their upper sides. The trunk of the tree has a 
blackish-looking heavily-fissured bark, to about the 
first branching, then it shows the greenish gray hue 
so characteristic of the poplars generally. Sometimes 
the greenish gray hue of the upper branches of this 
tree is so light as to appear almost white, a distance 
away. In the corner (northwest) of the Walk by the 
Bridge is California privet. 

On your right you passed about opposite the Ca- 



76 

talpa and American hornbeam, and quite near the 
Bridge another Catalpa hignonioides has set its feet 
with firm root. Close by the right-hand corner of 
the Bridge a white birch (Betula popiilifolia) flutters 
its dancing leaves. Crossing the Bridge we follow 
the Walk on northwards to where it forks right and 
left and embraces in its arms the Ball Ground. 

Let us take the right-hand fork and follow it around 
the eastern border of the Ball Ground. Just beyond 
the lamp-post, on your left, as you proceed you pass 
a paper mulberry which is very conveniently situated 
for close study. Look for the bands on its bark and 
its mitten-shaped leaves. The next tree beyond this 
paper mulberry is English maple. You easily know 
it by its squarish lobed leaves. 

The Walk now swings northward and very near the 
rocks which have bitten through the soil about mid- 
way between either eild of the Ball Ground, near the 
Walk, you will find, on your left, a couple of very 
good specimens of the European linden. The Euro- 
pean linden (Tilia Eiiropcua) is certainly a handsome 
tree with its obliquely heart-shaped leaves, much more 
finely serrated than those of our American basswood, 
and much smaller. The leaf of the European species 
also has usually a decided hump or point on one side 
of the leaf, a little below its tip. Its whole texture is 
much finer than our basswood's leaf; its upper side 
is smooth, and, when young, of a beautiful tender 
green. On the underside of the leaf noticeable little 
woolly tufts are gathered in the axils of the veins. 
In form the tree is broad dome-shaped with a wide 



77 

reach of branch and bough. The upper parts of the 
tree and the smaller branches are of a dusky sooty 
blackish gray, and the buds and end branches are red- 
dish in winter. In June the European linden breaks 
open its starry flowers in cyme-like clusters from leaf- 
like bracts. The five white petals open wide and show 
the pin-head stamens standing clear and fair without 
any petal-like scale attached (as in our basswood). 
They are very fragrant, and at night their perfume is 
almost heavy. When you are studying the flowers of 
the linden, note that the European silver linden has 
the petal scale attached to the stamens, whereas the 
common European linden (Tilia Europcea) has it not. 
The fruit of the European linden is faintly five-angled. 
In this it varies from the silver linden, whose fruit is 
quite strongly five-angled. 

Just beyond this rock, or series of rocks, the Walk 
and the Bridle Path bend in close together, on the 
right. Where they approach, at the nearest, there are 
two honey locusts and an English maple. The honey 
locusts you know by their smooth, blackish bark, beset 
with long-pronged thorns, and by their compound 
leaves of small, elliptic, oval leaflets ; the English maple, 
by its squarish-lobed leaves and thick set stocky form. 

As you go on northwards, some little distance beyond 
and out upon the Ball Ground itself, you come to a 
boulder standing poised with firm base on a rock. Just 
northwest of this stands a tree which will surely inter- 
est you. It is Pruniis Mahaleh, the Mahaleb cherry of 
middle and southern Europe and of the Caucasus. In 
May it throws out its fragrant flowers, in corymb-like 



78 

clusters of white from the ends of the branches. It is 
not a large tree, and you can know it easily by its posi- 
tion, just a little northwest of the large boulder here; 
by its broadly ovate leaves of light, bright green, with 
margins finely and obtusely serrated and often with 
cordate or heart-shaped bases. The ends of the leaves 
are short pointed. Both leaves and flowers are very 
fragrant, and the latter are used by perfumers. Small 
dark-red, acrid berries succeed the fragrant flowers. 

As you come near the Arbor, not much further along 
from the boulder here, just before you come to it, there 
is a fine European beech close by the Walk, on your 
right. You can know it by its light gray, smoothish 
bark. Some one has called the gray of the beech ele- 
phantine in color. The designation is very close, espe- 
cially where the bark seems to fold and wrinkle, like 
hide. Granite gray, of the quincy shade, is close to it 
also. When you meet a tree with a gray, smooth bark 
in the Park, it is either a beech, a yellow-wood, or a 
silver linden. How can you tell them apart? The Eu- 
ropean beech is short-trunked and has a broad, hori- 
zontal swing of bough, and its leaves are entire, not 
toothed, and are very hairy on the margin. The Ameri- 
can beech carries a toothed leaf, somewhat like a broad- 
leaved chestnut, and the tree grows much more lofty in 
branching habit. In winter you can tell the beech by 
its spindle-shaped or cigar-shaped buds — long, slim, 
flat in the middle, with pointed ends. There is a world 
of knowledge in the study of the winter buds. Try to 
gain it. The yellow-wood you know in summer by its 
compound leaf (the beech and linden have simple 




1U<- ■' 




Mahaleb Cherry {Primus Mahalch) 
Map 2. No. 45. 



79 

leaves), and In winter you can tell it from the beech by 
its not pointed buds ; from the silver linden, by its lack 
of haystack or sugar-loaf form. The silver linden is 
easily known in summer by its cordate leaves, white 
beneath, and in winter by its sugar-loaf form, smooth, 
plump, satin-gray limbs — they always make me think 
of organ pipes. The silver linden seems to often shoot 
up its branches many together from a common base, in 
a kind of fountain form which easily marks it in 
winter. 

But to come back to our beech by the Arbor. You 
see its toothless leaves mark it at once one of the Eu- 
ropean species. On going through the Arbor you meet, 
on your right, a few feet from its end, a good sized 
white ash, with strong, rugged, heavily-fissured bark, 
cut by cross lines so regularly as to give a lozenge- 
shape effect to the run of the bark. The white ash is a 
tall, strong tree, and can be identified by its compound 
leaves made up of from five to nine leaflets, the leaflets 
in pairs with the odd one terminal. The leaflets have a 
kind of crimpy margin and are on stems which carry 
the bases of the leaflets well away from the main leaf 
stem, a feature which is especially characteristic of the 
white and red ash. The end leaflet has quite a decided 
length of stem. The leaflets are ovate, lance-pointed, 
of a bright, smooth green on the uppersides but of a 
soft, pale green on the undersides. Almost directly 
opposite the white ash, on the left of the Walk, you 
will find a little sapling swamp white oak, now about 
four or five feet high. 

A little further on the Walk forks, by the Carousel. 



So 

The lower right runs under an arch toward the Dairy. 
The upper right runs on to cross the Drive. In the 
point of this fork is an EngHsh maple, and just beyond 
it Catalpa hignonioides. Close by the Drive, standing 
almost side by side, near the border of the upper right 
fork, are two fine old cottonwoods, with their spade- 
shaped leaves swinging on flattened leaf-stems. In the 
centre of the little island before the Carousel is Ameri- 
can elm. 

Let us now take the left fork of the Walk, and go 
almost directly westward. On your right, by the steps 
leading to the Carousel, by the easterly end of the steps, 
is silver maple with a red maple directly opposite. At 
the westerly end of the House here, on your left, is a 
good specimen of the swamp white 02^<i,Quercus bicolor. 
It has thickish leaves, resembling somewhat a medium 
between the broad form of the white oak and the wavy- 
lobed leaf of the chestnut oak. The chief characteristic 
of the swamp white oak's leaf is its downy, hoary, whit- 
ish underside. By this you can tell it at once. The 
leaf has a wedge-shaped base and is obovate in form. 
Its margin is markedly wavy-notched, with rounded 
teeth. The tree's bark is of a hard, strong gray, deeply 
fissured, darker and more scaly than that of the white 
oak. The whole expression of the tree is stronger, 
tougher-looking than the white oak. Its acorn carries 
a mossy-fringed cup. You will find many of these 
trees in the Park, and you should get to know them 
early in your rambles. In winter you can pick the tree 
out by its buds alone, which are noticeably hairy or 
fringed. You have a good chance here to compare 



8i 

the characteristics of the two trees, the white oak and 
the swamp white oak, for you will find a white oak, 
of the broad-leaved form just across the Walk, up the 
bank a little, on your right. The white oak has two 
distinct forms of leaf, the narrow and the broad type. 
The narrow is so deeply lobed that often it is but the 
skeleton of a leaf ; the broad form of leaf is here before 
you. The white oak's bark is of a light, bright, granite 
gray, of the Barre shade, and is shallow fissured, seem- 
ing to run in long, thin, narrow, flaky plates. So light 
is the color of the white oak's bark that often this is 
almost enough to identify it. To me the tree has a 
much softer expression than the swamp white oak, 
much less rough and tough. Often its bark has a 
shade that is almost white, and its finely broken plates 
seem of almost flaky fineness. Its winter buds are red- 
dish brown and its acorn is very different from the 
fringe-capped nut of the swamp white oak. The nut 
itself is light brown and lustrous, while the cup, hemi- 
spherical, is clean and fits about the nut with a clear 
edge, seeming to constrict and bind the nut with a 
slight depression at this point. 

Close by the Walk on your right, a little west of the 
white oak, a fine red maple flings over you its three to 
five-lobed leaves, cordate at the base. The red maple 
can generally be easily known, even in winter, by its 
gray, smooth, brittle-looking bark, with smoky drifts 
clouded through it on the upper branches. Its end 
twigs in winter are very conspicuously knobbed with 
crimson buds. The red maple is a glory in the spring, 
when its flowers, especially the pistillate ones, flush 



g2 

its form with the loveHest hues of clear crimson. See 
them against the blue of a March or April sky, when 
the winter look has given place to a mysterious softness 
that seems to bear a promise of tenderness to come. 
See then these fairy flags of blood-red against the sky's 
depthful blue and forever afterward you will hold a 
special place in your heart for the red maple. 

As you follow the Walk westward, not far from 
where it meets the Walk which runs north and south 
near the Drive, you will find a fine old English elm 
standing out on the green, a little south of a lamp-post. 
The lamp-post is on the right of the Walk, the elm is 
on your left, just south of it. You will know the tree 
by its dark, heavy bark and oak-like fling of branches. 
It is a fine tree. On the point made by the right fork 
of the Walk is pin oak, tall and stately, with smooth, 
steel-gray bark. You can know a pin oak very easily 
by its yellozv leaf stems, which are slender. Its leaf 
looks like a small edition of the scarlet oak's leaf, with 
wide and deeply rounded sinuses. The acorn of the 
pin oak is a sure index of the tree's identity. If you 
find one, you will know your tree beyond a doubt. The 
acorn is very small and very beautiful. It is so cleanly 
cut, both cup and nut. The light-brown nut is almost 
hemispherical, about half an inch long, and noticeably 
streaked with lines. The cup, saucer-shaped, is very 
thin and shallow and sits close to the branch on a stalk 
so short as to appear almost sessile. The pin oak is a 
tall and handsome tree and almost always does well in 
our parks. Just east of the pin oak is a good white pine, 
with its leaves in bundles of five and with broad 



83 

reaches of horizontal boughs stretching out their level 
platforms of soft, light green. This horizontal swing 
of bough is enough to identify the tree as far as you 
can see it. In the same way, if you look for it, you 
can tell, afar off, the Swiss Stone pine by its close, 
compact form and conical head; the Austrian, by 
stocky, thickset build, more open foliage, and tufting 
habit of growing its leaves in seeming large brush-like 
clusters which are very conspicuous; the Scotch, by 
the very reddish cast on its upper trunk and branches 
and by its sage-green foliage. But the reddish hue is 
what strikes you at once. On some of the Scotch pines 
it is almost brickish in shade. This hue is so strongly 
in the wood that it has given the tree its common name, 
in England, of red deal. 

Back of the white pine here, a little east of north, up 
the hill, near the Transverse Road, you will find hop 
hornbeam (Ostrya Virginica). Its leaves are much like 
those of the hornbeam proper, but there the resemblance 
between the two trees ends. The hop hornbeam bark is 
rough, brownish and furrowed, often scaling away 
from the trunk after the manner of the shagbark hick- 
ory. Its fruit is very hop-like in appearance (whence 
the name of the tree) and hangs in conspicuous clusters 
from the ends of the season's side shoots. The fruit 
cluster is made up of a number of bag-like involucres, 
each of which encloses a small, flat seed. The hop 
hornbeam belongs to the oak family and is often called 
ironwood or leverwood, from the hardness of its wood. 
You will know the tree easily by its birch-like leaves 
and brown bark in narrow scales. 



84 

Directly opposite the pin oak, at the point of the left 
fork of the Walk, is a well-grown sugar maple. Some 
people confuse the sugar maple with the Norway maple 
from the rather close resemblance of their leaves. But 
a glance at the bark of the tree will easily set you right. 
The bark of the sugar maple is smooth and, on young 
trees slightly, on old trees deeply, furrowed in long, 
longitudinal lines. The ridges of the furrows are very 
strong and shaggy, especially on the older trees. The 
bark of the Norway maple is rough in regular lines, a 
kind of hob-nail effect, very different from the smooth 
bark of the sugar maple. A sure test of the Norway 
maple Hes in squeezing the base of its leaf. It exudes 
a milky juice. The leaf of the sugar maple does not. 

Let us now take the northerly branch of the Walk, to 
the right, and follow it up to the Drive, cross the Drive 
and then follow the Walk southward as it runs beside 
the Drive. As we enter upon it, a fine old, white mul- 
berry greets us with outspread boughs, and at the point 
of the left fork of the Walk here, just as it sets to turn 
south, is common privet. Note how different its leaves 
are from those of the Californian privet. 

As you go southward, on your right, are two Rose 
of Sharon bushes, with a fine specimen of the large- 
flowered syringa just behind them. Opposite the Rose 
of Sharon bushes are two buckthorns. They are good 
specimens of their kind, with leaves which somewhat 
resemble the dogweed's and a bark that makes you 
think of the Siberian pea tree or the garden cherry. The 
leaf of the buckthorn has a rich, satin-like finish, much 
like the beautiful sheen of the Californian privet's leaf. 



85 

It is nearly five-nerved, that is, with veins parallel. 
These veins are so strongly depressed on the upper side 
that they are distinctly prominent below. In shape the 
leaf is braoadly oval, generally rounded at the base, and 
either rounded or sharp-pointed at the top. The buck- 
thorn blooms usually in May, with small, greenish, four 
parted flowers in scarcely noticeable clusters from the 
axils of the leaves, and these develop into small, black 
bitter berries which are ripe in September. At the tips 
of the branchlets you will find an easy identification 
sign for the buckthorn in the little thorn which ter- 
minates them. 

Continuing south, you pass, on your right, another 
handsome mass of large-flowered syringa, and west of 
it white mulberry. A little southwest of the mulberry 
you find false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa. Near the 
Walk, about opposite the lamp-post across the Drive, 
you come to a broad branching buckthorn again. In 
the corner of the Walk and the Bridle Path (the 
northwesterly corner) stands a Scotch elm, and across 
the Arch, at the southwesterly corner, European linden. 

At the next offshoot of the Walk, as you go south, 
which leads out to Sixty-fourth Street, two trees stand 
on the right and the left of the offshoot. They are 
double-flowering Chinese crab-apple trees, and early 
in the spring cover themselves with delicately tinted 
pinkish double flowers in great profusion. Passing 
on along the Walk as it draws you southward by the 
Drive, about midway between the offshoot which crept 
out west to Sixty-fourth Street and the next fork of 
the Walk below, you meet Siberian pea tree, with 



86 

leaves made up of from four to six pairs of oval ob- 
long leaflets and clear yellow flowers whose golden 
standards and keel tell of kith and kin with the pea- 
family. These pea-flowers change into short pods 
which are ripe in August, when they show brown 
amid the grass-green foliage of the shrub. Its name 
is of Tartar origin. 

Beyond the Siberian pea tree you pass several hand- 
some bushes of the ForsytJiia suspensa, with long re- 
curving sweeping branches which seem to have burst 
from the ground like jets from fountains. Note their 
generally three-parted leaves, usually one larger one 
with two smaller ones, wing and wing, below. Be- 
yond the Forsythia, you meet Siberian pea tree again, 
then matrimony vine, tamarisk and honey-locust. 

Here we come to another fork of the Walk, and 
we will take its right branch. As we follow it, on our 
right, just beyond the honey-locust, we meet a shrub 
whose opposite leaves, oblong lanceolate in shape and 
very silvery pubescent undersides, at once mark it as 
a shrub of unusual occurrence in our rambles. You 
will not meet with many of them in the Park. It is 
a fair specimen of the many-flowered oleaster or Elae- 
agnus. This is a spreading shrub with reddish brown 
branchlets and alternately set simple leaves which are 
ovate-oblong (some are elliptic in shape) and very sil- 
very on the undersides. The uppersides of the leaves 
are darkish green, with scales or star-like clusters of 
hairs. Often the margins of the leaves are slightly 
crisped. The shrub blooms in May or June in axil- 
lary clusters two or three together, and these change 




Flowers of the Norway Maple (Acer platanoid^s) 
Map 2. No. 75- 



87 

ill July or August to reddish berries densely covered 
with silvery scales. This Elccagnus uuiltiflora closely 
resembles its sister, Elcoagnus lunbellata, which also 
carries its blossoms in axillary umbels. But the es- 
pecial difference between the two is that the former 
ripens its fruit much earlier than the latter. The 
latter's fruit is ripe in October. You will find hand- 
some specimens of the umhellata indicated and de- 
scribed in chapter number five of this book. 

Opposite the Elcuagmis mnltiflora, on the left of the 
Walk, is hop* tree, and beyond the hop tree, with leop- 
ard spots, a good Oriental plane tree. The Oriental 
plane tree differs from our native buttonwood in two 
easily recognizable features — in leaf and in bark. The 
bark of the American is of finer scale-like texture, 
that of the Oriental peels much more cleanly and in 
larger shreddings, leaving the bare wood exposed for 
considerable distances. The color, too, of this bare 
wood is of a peculiar pale greenish yellow like a 
washed-out olive tint, very different from the whiter 
wood of the American species. The other difference 
is in the leaf. The Oriental is deeply in-cut on either 
side of the end lobe. The American is not in-cut 
about the upper lobe at all. The Oriental generally 
flowers and fruits with a chain of balls, the Amer- 
ican's fruit swings solitarily on a single stem. 

On your left still, just beyond the plane tree, is a 
stocky Norway maple, and further on, about midway 
between the fork of the Walk just passed and the 
one below us, stands a European linden. Diagonally 
across the Walk from it is Ailanthus, and diagonally 



88 

across from the Ailanthus, on the left of the Walk 
again, is American basswood. Compare its hard, rug- 
ged distinctive bark with that of its European brother. 
You can get to know the American basswood by its 
bark alone, it is so distinctive. Beyond the basswood 
you meet two catalpas, and across the Walk from 
the first of them is a lusty young cockspur thorn, 
splendidly armed with a whole arsenal of thorns, and 
glossy with the sheen of healthy lifeful leaves. 

Continuing along the Walk, on your left, beyond 
the second catalpa, a fine old Norway maple spreads 
out the magnificent breadths of its wide-reaching 
boughs. It is a superb tree, impressive in every way, 
and one which you cannot help but admire. Just 
beyond it the Walk forks, the left branch running 
east under an Arch to the Ball Ground; the right, 
continuing on south to the Eighth Avenue Gate. Let 
us follow the left branch for a few moments, and then 
come back to this fork of the Walk, and proceed south 
to Eighth Avenue Gate. 

Just as you go through the Arch, on your right is 
hop tree, easily known by its compound leaves of 
three leaflets. This is sometimes called wafer ash, 
from its wafer-like fruit. Beside the hop tree, west 
of it, is Siberian pea tree again. On the other side 
of the Arch, as you come out, on your right is silver 
maple, and just beyond, on the opposite side of the 
Walk, a handsome Paulownia rises on graceful bole. 
The Walk ascends a little here, then bends around in 
an easy curve to cross a bridge over the Bridle Path 
beyond, and comes out upon the Ball Ground. As 



89 

you bend with it you pass a goodly cluster of tulip 
trees, tall and fair and straight, with leaves cut rather 
squarely at the tops, and beautiful tulip-like flowers 
in late May or early June. These flowers are very 
handsome, large and challice-shaped, greenish yellow, 
strongly marked about the base with yellow. The 
cup-shaped corolla is of six petals. These handsome 
flowers are succeeded by light brown "cones," which 
remain on the tree late in winter, showing conspicu- 
ously white against the clear blue of a winter's sky. 
They are sure signs of the tree's identity. In the 
autumn the tulip tree is a glory. Its leaves turn a 
rich brilliant chrome yellow. 

The Walk carries us over the Bridge and, just be- 
yond, it forks right and left. Directly in the branch 
of the fork is Austrian pine. Taking the left branch, 
we go westward a little and step out on the large rock 
which fronts the Ball Ground like a buttress. As we 
stand overlooking the Ball Ground, almost within reach 
of our hand, a few feet to the right of the rock on 
which we stand, is a lusty young shagbark hickory 
with five leaflets and a bark mostly smooth, but be- 
ginning to shag in places. Note the buds with their 
distinctively strong outer scales, the sure mark of the 
shagbark in winter. Following the path along, it 
bends to the northward, tumbles down between rock 
masses, and swings out upon the Ball Ground itself. 
Just as it opens out upon the main Walk here, it 
leads us by a tall old scarlet oak almost in the corner 
of the junction of the two paths. Here we take the 
Walk which runs about the Ball Ground like a girdle, 



90 

and follow its southern trend along the lower end of 
the Ball Ground. Not far from the scarlet oak, as 
we go eastward, we find a fair specimen of the sour 
gum tree, or tupelo, or pepperidge, as it is often 
called. If its leaves are off, you can pick it out by its 
tangles of branches. It seems to branch every way 
and anyway. Its glory is in autumn. Then its glossy 
leaves kindle with brilliant hues of scarlet and richest 
maroon. The leaves, oblong or oval, have a peculiar 
way of crowding about the ends of the side branches, 
which is so characteristic of the tree, that this feature 
will quite easily identify it for you. The leaves are 
thickish, with margin entire, and often strongly angu- 
lated beyond the middle. They are of a rich shining 
polished green ; either wedge-shaped or rounded at the 
base, and are usually from two to five inches long. 
The tree blooms in April or May, in dense clusters of 
yellowish-green flowers, and these are succeeded by 
egg-shaped bluish-black berries, clustered two or three 
together on long slender stems, from the axils of the 
leaves. The bark of the tree is of a light reddish- 
brown, and is heavily furrowed and decidedly scaly. 
The sour gum is a tree of the swamps and moist places. 
As you go eastward, the Walk eddies gently in by 
a large mass of rock. As you face it, on your right, 
is red maple, and, on your left, close by the rock, is 
a splendid specimen of the pignut hickory. In the 
left-hand corner of this little bay of the Walk is 
English hawthorn. Following on eastward again, an 
Oriental plane tree stands in the point of the next 
fork of the Walk, and out upon the sward of the 



91 

Ball Ground, quite a cluster of Turkey oaks, almost 
in line with each other. These can be picked out easily 
by their thick dark, almost black, bark, heavily ridged, 
and by their rich, glossy green oblong leaves, very 
deeply and unequally notched into pinnate sinuses. 
They are set to the branch on very short stalks, and 
you may know them from the English oak's leaves, 
which they sometimes slightly resemble, by their bases, 
which are wedge-shaped and not eared — a feature 
which is characteristic of the leaf of the English oak. 
The leaf lobe of the Turkey oak is rather angularly 
cut, whereas that of the English is round cut. The 
acorn of the Turkey oak is a wild-looking thing, in- 
deed, covered as it is with frouzled ends of fringe 
which puts to shame the tangled cups of even the 
bur oak's acorn. You can compare the Turkey and 
English oak here easily. The cluster standing almost 
east of the Oriental plane tree are Turkey oaks, and 
the single tree south of these is English oak. You 
will note that these are almost in line, due north, of 
the lamp-post by the Bridle Path below. If you fol- 
low the path from the Oriental plane tree, directly 
opposite its next fork with the Walk, are two hand- 
some bushes of the Deutzia crenata. One has white 
flowers, and the other, white flowers softly tinged with 
pink. 

Continuing eastward, the Walk comes to a fork 
beyond, its right branch passing over the Bridge by 
which we began this ramble about the Ball Ground. 
Near the fork you will find, on the left of the Walk, 
a handsome sugar maple, and across from it, a little 



92 

more than midway between the Walk and the Bridle 
Path, a good specimen of the red mulberry. Its 
leaves are rougher on the upper sides than are those 
of the white mulberry, and they are of a dark bluish- 
green, whereas those of the white are glossy, shining, 
and of a light bright green. You will know the tree 
by its mitten-shaped or ovate (mitten without the 
thumb) leaves. Beyond the red mulberry, close by 
the Bridle Path, near the Bridge, you will find sweet 
gum, easily distinguished by its star-shaped leaves. 
Up on the Walk again, as you come near the fork, 
is European beech, with short fat trunk, horizontal 
boughs, and leaves which are hairy-edged and not 
toothed. In the right corner of the fork is Scotch 
elm, easily known by its large rough leaves which jut 
out at the ends in one long point, with some lesser 
points shooting out on either side below the end point, 
just where the leaf is broadest. 

Let us now come back to where we branched off 
by the Arch that went under the West Drive, and 
follow the southerly trend of the Walk toward the 
Eighth Avenue Gate. As we proceed, we have on 
our right, in the point of the fork, a lamp-post, and 
just west of it, a fine mass of the Rhodotypos. West 
of it, you will see several bushes of the Viburnum 
tomenfosum or Japonicum, with broadly ovate leaves, 
noticeably corrugated, or crimped or folded, and with 
rather pointed (acuminate) ends. They are handsome 
shrubs, especially in late May or early June, when 
they spread out their great flat cymes of pure white 
flowers. Of these cymes the outer ring is made up 



93 

of sterile flowers. The fruit of this shrub is a red 
egg-shaped berry, which later changes color from red 
to bluish-black. 

As you go on, a Norway maple meets you on your 
left, then black haw, with its roundish leaves lightly 
winged on the stems, and then, on the right of the 
Walk, cockspur thorn again. Very near the next 
fork of the Walk you meet Austrian pine, cockspur 
thorn again, and two more Austrian pines, one just 
beyond the other. Almost opposite the first of these, 
on the left of the Walk, is American basswood. To 
the west of the second Austrian pine are two well- 
grown white pines. The white pine's leaves are slen- 
der, about five inches long, and are gathered together 
in bundles (fascicles) of five; the Austrian's leaves 
are long, wire-like, stiflish and thickish, sharp pointed, 
and are gathered together in bundles of two each. 
The Austrian's leaves are rounded on the outside, but 
are flat on the inside, so that, when you press together 
the two leaves of a single fascicle, the leaves seem 
like one round leaf, so squarely do the two flat inner 
sides fit together. The way, or rather one way, to 
tell to what species a pine belongs, is to count the 
leaves in a bundle or fascicle, measure them, and 
examine their surfaces. Usually the number of leaves 
in a fascicle, and the length of the leaf will be enough 
to identify. In the Park the pines most frequently 
met with are the white, leaves in fives and about five 
inches long; Swiss stone, leaves in fives, about the 
same length, but triangular and glaucous; Bhotan, 
leaves in fives, but about ten inches long, and very 



94 

slender; Austrian, leaves in twos, three to five inches 
long; Scotch, leaves in twos, short, from an inch to 
two inches long, partly twisted, and of a beautiful 
bluish green color. If you will bear in mind these 
few salient features you can easily identify the pines 
in the Park. 

But to come back to our Walk, directly west of 
the second Austrian pine are two good specimens of 
our native white pine. Note the soft, fine quality of 
their leaf masses. They look almost downy. A little 
further along we come to another cockspur thorn with 
a copper beech west of it. Diagonally across the Walk 
from the cockspur thorn is English elm, then, just 
beyond, on your left, are two Scotch elms, with a 
sycamore maple at the extreme left hand point of the 
greensward as you come out at the Eighth Avenue 
Gate. About opposite the English elm on the right 
of the Walk, is another Austrian pine. See how bunchy 
its leaf masses are. No other pine in the Park has this 
prominent hunching of its leaves, which strikes the 
eye so noticeably as to be at once an easily recognizable 
feature of the tree. At the extreme right hand corner 
of the Eighth Avenue Gate you find a fine young 
specimen of the common horsechestnut, with large, 
gummy, knob-like buds in winter. If you want win- 
ter amusement well worth your while, study the winter 
buds. Get to know the trees in winter, by bark, 
branch and bud. Each has its peculiar bark. Endless 
joy and amusement await you in the study of these 
details, and you will grow to know the shrubs and trees 
as well in winter as in summer. 



Explanations, Map No. 3 



Common Name 

1. Japan Quince (Pale pink 

flowers. 

2. Hackberry, Sugarberry, 

or Nettle Tree. 

3. English Elm. 

4. Spicebush. 

5. Osage Orange. 

6. Fringe Tree. 

7. Judas Tree or Redbud. 

8. Chinese Wistaria. 

9. Mock Orange. 

10. English Hawthorn. 

11. Sycamore Maple. 

12. Common Locust. 

13. Hemlock. 

14. Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

15. Shadbush, June Berry, or 

Service Berry. 

16. Sweet Gum or Bilsted. 

17. Shellback or Shagbark 

Hickory. 

1 8 . American Hornbeam . 

19. Small-fruited Pignut Hick- 

ory. 

20. Abrupt-leaved Japan Yew. 

2 1 . European or English Yew. 

22. Nordmann's Silver Fir. 

23. Corsican Pine. 

24. Pyramid Oak. 

25. English Oak. 

26. Weeping English Oak. 

27. French Tamarisk. 

28. Umbrella Tree. 

29. Red Oak. 

30. Common Pear. 

31. English Elm. 

32. Silverbell Tree. 



Botanical Name 

Cydonia Japonic a. 

Celtis Occidentalis. 

Ulmus campestris. 
Benzoin benzoin. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Chionanthus Virginica. 
Cercis Canadensis. 
Wistaria Chinensis. 
Philadelphus coronarius. 
Crataegus oxyacantha. 
Acer pseudoplatanus . 
Robinia pseudacacia. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Liquidambar styraciflua. 
Carya alba. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Carya porcina, var. micro- 

carpa. 
Taxus cuspidata. 
Taxus baccata. 
Abies Nordntanniana. 
Pinus Austriaca, var. laricio. 
Quercus robur , var. fastigiata. 
Quercus robur. 
Quercus robur, var. pendula. 
Tamarix Gallica. 
Magnolia umbrella. 
Quercus rubra. 
Pyrus communis. 
Ulmus campestris. 
Halesia tetraptera. 



L.ofC. 



lOO 



Common Name 

33. Turkey Oak. 

34. Black Walnut. 

35. American Chestnut. 

36. European Beech. 

37. Bald Cypress. 

38. Bur Oak or Mossy Cup 

Oak. 

39. American Beech. 

40. Oriental Plane Tree. 

41. Pin or Swamp Spanish 

Oak. 

42. Weeping European Beech. 

43. Swamp White Oak. 

44. Shagbark Hickory. 

45. Common Horsechestnut. 

46. Scotch or Wych Elm. 

47. Red Maple. 

48. Flowering Dogwood. 

49. White Pine. 

50. European Linden. 

51. Sour Gum, Tupelo, or 

Pepperidge. 
5 2 . Silver or White Maple. 

53. Scarlet Oak. 

54. Small-leaved Elm, Sibe- 

rian Elm. 

55. American Linden, Bee 

or Basswood. 

56. European Purple Beech. 

57. Weeping European Silver 

Linden. 

58. TuHp Tree. 

59. Japonicum or Japan Vi- 

burnum. 

60. Honey Locust. 

61. Camperdown Elm. 

62 American White Ash. 
63. Siberian Pea Tree. 



Botanical Name 

Quercus cerris. 
Juglans nigra. 

Catanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 
Fagiis sylvatica. 
Taxodium distichum. 
Quercus macrocarpa. 

Fagus ferruginea. 
Platanus Orientalis. 
Quercus palustris. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula. 

Quercus bicolor. 

Carya alba. 

Msculus hippocastanum. 

Ulmus Montana. 

Acer rubrum. 

Corniis fiorida. 

Pinus strobus. 

Tilia Europcea. 

Nyssa sylvatica. 

Acer dasycarpum. 
Quercus coccinea. 
Ulmus parvifolia (or Siberica.) 

Tilia Americana. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. atro pur- 
purea. 

Tilia Europcea, var. argentea 
pendula. 

Liriodendron ttdipifera. 

Viburnum tomentosum. 

Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Ulmus Montana, var. Camper- 

downii pendula. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Caragana arbor escens. 



lOI 



Common Name 

64. European Ash. 

65. Althaea or Rose of Sharon. 

66. Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch 

or Black Birch. 

67. Black Alder or Common 

Winterberry. 

68. American or White Elm. 

69. Weeping European Ash. 

70. White Mulberry. 

71. Hardy or Panicled Hy- 

drangea. 

72. Wild Red Osier. 

73. Cut-leaved Weeping Eu- 

ropean White Birch. 

74. Japan Pagoda Tree. 

75. Ginkgo Tree or Maiden- 

hair Tree. 

76. Hop Tree or Shrubby 

Trefoil. 

77. Gordon's Mock Orange or 

Syringa. 

78. Witch Hazel. 

79. Indian Bean Tree or 

Southern Catalpa. 

80. Sassafras. 

81. White Oak. 

82. English Oak. (This oak 

was planted, 1861, by 
the present King of 
England.) 

83. Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

84. Yellow Birch. 

85. Reeve's or Lance-leaved 

Spiraea. 

86. Bridal Wreath Spirsea. 

87. Morrow's Honeysuckle. 
8>8. European Red Osier. 

89. Weigela. 

90. European Hazel. 

91. Alternate-leaved Dog- 

wood. 



Botanical Name 

Fraxinus excelsior. 
Hibiscus Syriacus. 
Betula lenta. 

Ilex verticillata. 

Ulmus Americana. 
Fraxinus excelsior, var. pen- 

dula. 
Morus alba. 
Hydrangea paniculata, var. 

grandi flora. 
Cornus stolonifera. 
Betula alba, var. pendida 

laciniata. 
Sophora Japonic a. 
Salisburia adiantifolia. 

Ptelea trifoliata. 

Philadephus Gordonianus. 

Hamamelis Virginiana. 
Catalpa bignonioides. 

Sassafras officinale. 
Quercus alba. 
Quercus robur. 



Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Betula lute a. 
Spircea Reevesiana. 

Spircsa prunifolia. 
Lonicera Morrowi. 
Cornus s an guinea. 
Dier villa rosea. 
Corylus Ave liana. 
Cornus alternifolia. 



102 



Common Name 

92. Shrub Yellowroot. 

93. Hundred -leaved, Pro- 

vence , or Cabbage Rose . 

94. Fringe Tree. 

95. Sweetbrier. 

96. Fortune's White Spiraea. 

97. Many-flowered Rose. 

98. Clump of roses; mostly 

Prairie Rose and Sweet- 
brier. 

99. Withe Rod. 

100. American Strawberry 

Bush. 

10 1. Cotoneaster, 



Botanical Name 

Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
Rosa centifolia. 

Chionanthus. 

Rosa ruhignosa. 

Spircea callosa, var. alba. 

Rosa multifiora. 

Rosa setigera and Rosa rubig- 



Viburnum cassinoides. 
Euonymus Amertcanus. 

Cotoneaster frigida. 



III. 

THE MALL AND VICINITY. 

In all the Park the noblest conception of the land- 
scape architect has been achieved in the Mall. It is 
superb. The magnificent stretch of arched vistas made 
by the four rows of grand old elms (mostly American) 
gives the impression of some vast open-air cathedral. 
As you stand at the extreme south end this feeling is 
aroused with impressive effect. From this point you 
get the full sweep of the majestic lines of trees, and it 
is impossible not to feel their dignity and grandeur. 
The broad, open space fills you with its stateliness, and 
the splendid trees lift their Gothic arches with a serene 
nobility which both hushes and exalts the soul. If 
anyone can walk down this majestic arcade without a 
feeling of reverence, that person is wanting in any 
appreciation of the message which trees silently ex- 
press to man. I know not when I like this temple 
best. It is noble and majestic at all times, be it in 
those lovely June days, when the leaves move as with 
the sounds of a thousand hushed organs whose echoes 
whisper and whisper and whisper with that indescrib- 
ably cool refreshment which the ear loves to hold and 
dwell upon ; or be it in autumn, when the loosed winds 
descend upon the broad boughs and drive the flying 
gold from their branches, sounding the while the mighty 



104 

thunder of its diapason through the noble aisles, or in 
winter, when the rugged masonry of its architecture is 
at its best, column and arch in all the glory of their 
naked strength and symmetry. Come here after the 
snowstorm has wrought its wonderwork of white along 
the silent aisles and behold in equal silence the en- 
chantment that is everywhere. The vast vault is 
groined with a lacework of tracery and the col- 
umned trees hold aloft this fairy roof on arches of 
purest marble. No other trees than these elms could 
have given the marvelous effect of aisle and arch 
which is so magnificent in lift and in perspective, in 
aspiration and in suggestion. The cosy nooks of the 
Park appeal to you in their ways and draw you lov- 
ingly to their confines, but this open spot uplifts you 
as the music of the organ, as the sound of the sea. 
Even in its silence there is a majesty of repose. Come 
here after the driving sleet of the midwinter ice storm 
has hammered its flashing mail over these staunch 
old trees; when the sun sends a glory over their 
crystal arches and fills the flashing vaults with flames 
of the ruby, the topaz, the amethyst and the diamond, 
while the keen air crackles and snaps with the yearn- 
ing of the great boughs as they rock and sway with 
the wind. Come here then and walk adown this sylvan 
abbey with the wonder of enchantment in thy heart. 
Surely this place should be the sanctuary of high aspira- 
tions and noble communings. No mean nor petty 
thoughts should here walk with the soul. The grand 
old trees at every step say, ''The groves were God's 
first temples," and from their silent eloquence comes 



I05 

an ennobling and uplifting of the spirit. Let those who 
walk here forget the pomp and splendor of fashion 
and display and in humility lose themselves in the 
contemplation of the enduring beauty of the Creator's 
handiwork in noble and stately trees. 

But let us begin our ramble. We will start with 
the Walk at the right of the Mall itself, leading off 
from Shakespeare's Statue. Near its first fork, on 
your left, you will find several well grown hackberries, 
called also sugarberry trees or nettle trees. You can 
identify them by the warty ridges and rough, knotty- 
looking excrescences on their trunks, especially marked 
about the part nearest the ground. The hackberry 
has also a peculiar habit of bunching its smaller branch- 
lets in very conspicuous and odd-looking masses which 
at once suggest the presence of a bird's nest in the 
tree. This is very noticeable in autumn and winter. 
But if these are not enough to identify it, its long, 
pointed, egg-shaped, rather lop-sided leaves set alter- 
nately on the branch will no doubt fix it for you, or 
perhaps you may see the small, roundish berries swing- 
ing singly on stems about an inch long, from the axils 
of the leaves. These berries, through the summer, are 
of a greenish-brown, but turn to purple in September, 
when they are ripe. They are about a quarter of an 
inch in diameter. The hackberry blooms early in May, 
very inconspicuously, in small, yellowish-green flowers 
which you scarcely notice, unless looking for them. 
The tree belongs to the nettle family. 

Just east of the hackberries, in the bend of the left 
fork here, is spicebush, and a little beyond it Judas 



io6 

tree, with heart-shaped leaves. At this point we will 
now take the right fork of the Walk and follow it east- 
ward. As we turn to do so, on our left is a fringe 
tree, with an osage orange near the Arch, and back 
of both another hackberry. The fringe tree you can 
know by its oval, entire leaves, which somewhat re- 
semble the leaves of the magnolia. If it is in bloom, 
you will know it at once by its fringe-like flowers. 
These are four-parted, white, and, in June, cover the 
shrub with snow-white masses of bloom. These flow- 
ers are succeeded by purple berries. The osage orange 
is easily known by the spines in the axils of the leaves. 
Back of the fringe tree, north of it, is English haw- 
thorn, identified by its thorns and cut-lobed leaves, 
wedge-shaped at the base. On the right of the Walk 
are Chinese wistaria and mock orange or sweet syringa. 
Passing through the Arch here, you meet, on the 
left, flowering dogwood, with a cluster of young com- 
mon locusts just beyond. On your right, near the 
Arch, just as you come out from its shadow, is a fine 
old sycamore maple. A little beyond, the path forks 
again. We take the right branch, passing, on our left, 
a hemlock, then a shadbush, the latter about in the bend 
of the Walk. The shadbush is easily known by its 
peculiarly-veined bark, steel-gray shot over with 
darker, vein-like lines. Diagonally across from the 
shadbush, in the right of the Walk, one above and the 
other below, are Lonicera fragrantissima and sweet 
gum. The honeysuckle is a bush and has cusp-tipped 
leaves ; the sweet gum is a tall tree with star-shaped 
leaves. A little further on you come to an Arbor. 



107 

Directly back of it is a shagbark hickory with com- 
pound leaves of five leaflets and a noticeably shaggy 
bark. Opposite the westerly end of the Arbor, across 
the Walk, is American hornbeam, and a little southeast 
of the hornbeam, up the slope of the hillside, is the 
small-fruited hickory, a variety of pignut hickory. 

Continuing along the Walk from the Arbor, you 
pass, on your left, black cherry, with rough, scaly 
bark, and, very near the next fork of the path, Taxns 
cuspidata, English yew, Taxns cuspidata and Nord- 
mann's silver fir. The fir stands nearly in the point of 
the fork, and has light silver-gray bark and linear 
leaves, dark glossy-green on the upper sides, but 
marked on the lower by silvery lines. The leaves are 
about an inch long and are distinctly dentate (toothed) 
at the tip. The boughs have a flattish look, due to the 
horizontal growth of the branches and also to incurv- 
ing of the leaves. 

As you continue, southerly now, about opposite the 
donkey tent, you will see, on your right, three trees 
which look, at first glance, very much like Austrian 
pines. They are not Austrian, but Corsican pines, 
slender-leaved varieties of the Austriaca. Up the hill, 
back of these, is a cluster of English oaks, among them 
a fastigate form, known as pyramid oak, with branches 
which grow up close beside the main trunk of the tree 
like a Lombardy poplar. The English oaks you can 
know by their round-lobed leaves distinctly eared at 
the base. In between the group of English oaks and 
the most southerly of the Corsican pines, fine and 
feathery, with soft, waving, plume-like sprays of foli- 



io8 

age, a veritable green mist, stands a good specimen of 
the Tamarix Gallica, or French tamarisk, which blooms 
from May to October in spike-like panicles or small 
pinkish or reddish flowers. The leaves of the shrub 
are very small, set alternately on the branch in a man- 
ner which botanists term "clasping." Further along 
the Walk, not far from the Arch which leads out upon 
the vicinity of the Arsenal, you will see, on your right, 
a lumpy-barked tree with markings which make you 
think of "eyebrows." If you come upon this tree in 
winter its long-pointed, furry buds will tell you it is 
of the Magnolia family, and when its leaves are out, 
their umbrella-like way of hanging about the ends of 
the branches will give you the cue to the tree's exact 
identity — Magnolia umbrella. Its leaves are very large, 
often nearly two feet long and from four to eight inches 
wide. They are entire and pointed at either end. The 
flowers of the tree appear late in May, in large creamy- 
white blossoms at the ends of the branches. The tree 
has a somewhat catalpa-like sprawl of branching which 
is quite distinctive. Its bark is of a dull gray and re- 
minds you, in a way, of the beech tree's color, but of 
course is far more humpy and uneven. In September 
the umbrella tree begins to show its fruit clusters very 
conspicuously through its leaves, magenta-hued husks 
which break open and let fall, from each little hole, 
seeds of the richest coral, on fairy threads of silk. As 
you came along this way you passed, on your left, 
about opposite the most southerly of the Corsican pines, 
sycamore maple, and back of the donkey tent, well up 
the slope, to the east, two very handsome red oaks 



109 

standing close together. If you love the oaks, study 
their winter buds. Their story is marvelously enter- 
taining. The buds of the red oak are of a smooth, clean 
crimson, far different from the dirty-looking, hairy 
buds of the scarlet oak. 

Let us now come back and take the fork of the Walk 
which runs northerly from the donkey tent. In the 
point of the fork, on your left, is the Nordmann's fir 
and several English yews clustered about it. As you 
come near the next branching of the Walk, there is a 
fine cluster of Turkey oaks out on your left. Note the 
thick, heavy ridges of their blackish bark. About op- 
posite these, on the right of the Walk, is a pear tree, 
and, just back of it, some sassafrass. At the next fork, 
which has three tines, on your left, is a stately cluster 
of black walnuts. In between the third and middle 
branches of the Walk's fork are two well-grown Hale- 
sias or silver bell trees. If you wonder where they 
got that name, come and gaze upon them in the spring 
(May). Then they cover their branches with the 
loveliest of fairy-white bells. Their purity fills you with 
a silent joy. The long styles of the pistils hang down 
below the corollas like tiny little clappers and give 
the flowers a veritable bell-like look. If you stand 
still and gaze upon them in sympathetic love, you can 
hear their music — a music which no instrument ever 
made by man can even faintly echo. Such is the silver 
bell in May! Its branches ring with the silent chimes 
of the eternal beauty of purity and perfection fresh from 
the hand of God. The halesia's fruit is an easy key 
to its identification, a peculiar-looking, four-winged 



no 

affair, which is very conspicuous on the tree as autumn 
draws near. This four-winged nut has given the tree 
its botanical name tctraptera, from two Greek words, 
tetra (four) and ptcra (wings). The halesia's bark is 
also conspicuously marked with dull, reddish-yellow 
fissures or lines, which make it easily recognizable in 
winter. 

Following the westerly branch of the Walk north- 
wards, at the point of the west fork, on your left, is 
osage orange. This is a double fork with an open 
space between the two. At the upper branching, one 
shoot runs off to the west to meet the Drive, the other 
to the east, to come out by the Morse Statue, near the 
Seventy-second Street Gate. Let us take the easterly. 
As we start off, we cannot pass without a word of 
comment, the fine gathering of stately bald cypresses 
which fill the arm of the Walk on our right. Not far 
from the next offshoot of path is shagbark hickory, 
easily known by its bark which well bears out its name. 
Following along, on your left, are swamp white oak 
and halesia. Directly west of the halesia is a fine old 
white mulberry with glossy green leaves, and directly 
west of this mulberry stands another shagbark hickory. 
The shagbark's leaves are made up of five leaflets with 
the lower pair much smaller than the upper. 

Continuing on, now northerly, we come to three 
dogwoods, almost in line with each other, with a fine 
old white pine west of the third tree. West of this 
white pine is a fair specimen of the yellow birch. You 
can know it by its rough, shredded bark, of a peculiar 
sheeny gray. In front of the dogwood, by the Walk, 



Ill 

stands Scotch elm. Here we are opposite a little arm 
of Walk which has run in from near Sixty-ninth 
Street. There are several good specimens of Scotch 
elm gathered here, and you can know them by the side 
points near the ends of their leaves. 

Continuing, northwards, near the place where the 
Walk widens out around a wooden platform through 
the centre of which an aged pin oak still lives on, flut- 
tering a few leaves from its lopped branches, you will 
find, on your right, Turkey oak, and then two horse- 
chestnuts on your left. About opposite the Turkey 
oak is European linden, and diagonally northwest of it 
is sour gum or tupelo. 

The Walk narrows beyond the pin oak in the plat- 
form, and as you follow it there is a sturdy European 
beech on the right, with a couple of Scotch elms just 
beyond. Opposite these, on the left of the Walk, are 
two silver maples. Beyond, standing in a stalwart 
cluster, are two stately scarlet oaks. These are fine 
types, healthy in every way. As you come out upon 
the Drive Walk, near the Morse Statue, two well grown 
pin oaks fling their boughs over you. You may some- 
times confuse a pin oak with a scarlet oak, but one 
sure way to distinguish them is by their leaf stems — 
the pin oak's is always slender and yellozvish; the 
scarlet is szvoUen at base, stout, and often tinged with 
red. 

We will turn to the left here and follow the Drive 
Walk back to the west and south. Just beyond the 
pin oak is an elm which will interest you. Look at its 
tiny leaves. This is the Ulmus parvifolia, from Si- 



112 

beria. It has a peculiar trick of blooming in September 
or October. Its foliage is certainly exquisitely beauti- 
ful. Near the place where the Walk begins to bend 
southerly is American basswood, with large, heart- 
shaped leaves. Southeast of the lamp, just beyond, 
are three handsome beeches. The northerly one is 
American, the easterly is European, and the westerly 
is a purple-leaved European. This is a good place to 
note the differences of leaf in the European and native 
beech — the tooth leaves of the latter and the entire, 
hairy-margined leaves of the former. Where the Walk 
crosses from the Casino you will find an old weep- 
ing European silver linden letting fall its pendulous 
boughs, making noble shade in summer. Following 
the path on southwards, about opposite the next lamp, 
east of it, is swamp white oak. Still keeping to the 
south, the path meets another Drive-crossing and then 
bends swiftly away from it to the southeast. On your 
left, close to the Walk, is another pin oak with steel- 
gray bark streaked with black. On your right, about 
due west of this pin oak, midway between Walk and 
Drive, is a weeping European beech. You cannot mis- 
take its weeping form. It looks like a fountain of fall- 
ing green in summer ; in winter, like some mighty 
harp on which a jotun might play the war song of 
the winds. A little northeast of the pin oak is another 
Turkey oak, with thick, heavily-ridged, rough, black 
bark, and south of this a pin oak again, with bristle- 
tipped leaves. 

Continuing along the Walk, you pass, close by the 
path, Oriental plane tree with its spotted bark, then 




^. o 



-r; 
C>5 



113 

sycamore maple with its five-lobed leaves, and then 
osage orange. This osage orange is one of the oldest 
in the Park. Back of the osage orange are several 
beeches of the native type. Opposite the osage orange, 
on the right of the Walk, is American hornbeam, and 
out beyond it, almost in line with the hornbeam, is a 
fine old bur or mossy-cup oak. This tree grows close 
beside a good sized rock. The rock, by the way, is 
beautifully covered with Chinese wistaria. The bur 
oak is a tall tree with light gray, scaly bark, so coarsely 
furrowed as often to seem scaly. You can pick it out 
easily by its peculiar leaves, which have, near the mid- 
dle, two sinuses (the curve or bay between the lobes) 
opposite each other, cut almost in to the midrib. The 
leaves are quite large, from six to twelve inches long, 
and look something like an enlarged edition of the 
narrow-form leaf of the white oak. But if you fail 
to find the characteristic ''opposite sinuses," look for 
the corky wings which are almost sure to be present on 
the younger branches of the tree. If by chance you 
should find an acorn of the tree, its cup, almost com- 
pletely grown over the nut and nearly enclosing it with 
a frouzelly fringe, will tell you at once that the tree 
is the bur oak or over-cup oak. This name well suits 
the tree, judging from its acorn. 

A little further on and we have come again to the 
fork of the Walk by whose easterly branch we pro- 
ceeded northerly to the Drive, by the Morse Statue. 
Let us now go back to the first branching of the Walk 
referred to in this ramble, the first beyond the Shakes- 
peare Statue, on the Mall, and follow its left arm along 



114 

its northerly course, midway between Mall and Drive. 
We pass many magnificent trees, mostly elms, and the 
majority of these of the sweeping vase-form which is 
so characteristic of our native species. Among them 
you can pick out the oak-like forms of the English 
elms, heavy of base, thick set, rough of bark, and with 
a broad, horizontal swing of bough. Here, too, are 
Scotch elms and smooth-leaved varieties of the English 
elm. All are beautiful in their own ways, and as you 
walk beneath their boughs you revel in the varied lines 
of their forms, in their hues of bark, in their leaves, and 
branch sprays. 

At the second fork of this Walk, the path splits 
right and left. Let us take the right hand or easterly. 
Not very far from the point of branching, you meet, 
on your right, a small, umbrella-shaped tree with leaves 
which reveal its kinship with the European ash. It is 
the weeping variety of Fraxinus excelsior. Compare 
its leaves with the true European ash which stands in 
the point of the next fork of the Walk. The compound 
leaves are made up of from five to six pairs of leaf- 
lets, with an odd one at the end. These leaflets are 
almost sessile (that is, stemless) on the main leaf stalk, 
are lance-oblong, serrated and pointed. Where this 
fine specimen of European ash rises in the point of the 
Walk, the Walk throws out its left arm towards the 
Casino, and if you follow it, you will pass Rose of 
Sharon, and just across from this shrub, on your 
right, as you go towards the Casino, another umbrella- 
shaped tree. This tree is an elm, and is the weeping 
variety of the Scotch elm, or, commonly, the Camper- 



%.' 




u 



115 

down elm. See how closely its beautiful large leaves, 
with their strong side points shooting out from the 
end of the leaf on either side of the terminal point, 
resemble the leaves of the Scotch elm proper. 

Following the path again, you pass Reeve's spiraea, 
with massy, hemispherical heads of white flowers in 
June and the lovely bridal-wreath spiraea which, early in 
April, stars its branches with the little hanging umbels 
of blossoms. These are indeed lovely, miniature com- 
pressed wreaths of the purest white, which hang four 
or five together in little clusters or umbels along the 
branches of this graceful bush. Its leaf is rounded at 
the base but comes to a point at the tip, and, as its name 
(prunifolia) implies, resembles that of the plum. 

At the next fork of the Walk, there is honey locust, 
on your right, and, if you take the left branch here, you 
pass, about midway between the fork here and the fork 
beyond, two good specimens of Oriental plane tree. 
In the elbow of the fork beyond these trees, you have 
a well grown cluster of American hornbeams, and 
opposite these, on your left, as you go west, is a well 
grown Japan pagoda tree, Sophora Japonica, some of 
whose kinsmen you met on our first ramble, in the 
vicinity of the Arsenal. Why this tree was named 
pagoda tree is hard to see, but its generic name, 
Sophora, is well applied — derived from the Arabic 
sofara, yellow, and probably refers to the yellow dye 
made by the Japanese and Chinese from its flowers. 
These blossoms burst out in August in great clusters 
of yellowish-white pea-form flowers, and are sue- 



ii6 

ceeded later by glossy green string-like pods which 
show very conspicuously. 

A little further along, as you pass westerly here, on 
this short arm of path to the Mall, about midway 
between the Japan pagoda tree and the junction of 
this path with the Mall, close at your left hand, is 
withe rod, one of the viburnums. This viburnum 
has dull green, opposite, simple leaves of thick and 
rather leathery texture. 

Upon coming out upon the Mall, turn to your left 
and take a short little run back by the arm of Walk 
which bends around to the southeast here. You will 
see panicled hydrangea {Hydrangea paniculata, var. 
grandiflora) bedded in with a bank of beautiful things. 
About midway between the hydrangea and the fork 
of the Walk to the southeast, a large birch tree 
stands out cjuite conspicuously near the Walk, on your 
left. It is a handsome tree and a splendid specimen 
of the cut-leaved variety of European birch. Note 
the very beautiful cutting of its leaves. 

Turn back now to the steps at the south end of the 
Pergola, and proceed through it, northwards. Near 
its centre, on your left, you will find American straw- 
berry bush (Euonymus Ainericanns), which you can 
identify by its four-angled twigs. These four ridges 
are quite noticeable on the dark green twigs. In the 
autumn, the fruit of this bush is very beautiful — three 
to five-lobed pods, which have a peculiar trick of 
curling back, when ripe, and show, beneath their cool 
crimson, the bright scarlet seeds beneath. At this 
season of the year they are indeed beautiful. A little 



117 

beyond this bush, you will find Cotoneaster frigida 
with oblong leaves which are smooth on the upper- 
sides, but pubescent beneath. The leaves are pointed 
at both ends. The fruit is scarlet. 

On passing from the Pergola, almost in front of 
you, is a fine hop tree or shrubby trefoil, which you 
recognize by its compound leaves of three leaflets. 
Off to the left of this tree is rosy weigela, and to the 
left of this (to the west) are several good-sized hale- 
sias, with fine light brown fissures in their darkish 
bark. These trees line the northerly side of the little 
jut of Walk that springs oft to the left, down some 
short steps to the Mall, 

If, on coming from the Pergola, you turn to the 
right and cross the Drive that leads in from the 
Drive to the Casino, in the corner, you will see a good 
locust. Look for its spines. Just north of the first 
steps here is weigela with rose-colored flowers in 
June, and in the south-east corner of the second steps, 
English hawthorn. Near the Casino, at the northerly 
turn of the Drive, are two very good specimens of 
the Lonicera Morrowii, which, in June, are covered 
with flowers that are, first, pure white, and then change 
to yellow. These flowers have their upper lips cleft 
almost to the base. The blossoms are succeeded by 
bright crimson berries. The shrub is from Japan. 
East of the Casino, near the Drive, is a large Euro- 
pean hazel with an alternate-leaved dogwood east of 
it. Several fine specimens of the European red osier 
will be found in the northerly corner of the Casino 
Drive where it meets the East Drive. North of these, 



ii8 

and east of the Casino, between the Walk and the 
East Drive, is a large mass of roses, which is made 
up, mostly, of the lovely prairie rose and the sweet- 
brier. The prairie rose, climbing rose, or Michigan 
rose, can be known by its leaves, which are usually 
made up of three leaflets, sometimes five. Its climb- 
ing stems are not bristly, but are armed with strong 
curved prickles. The leaves are oval, rounded at the 
base, but acute or obtuse at the apex. They are also 
thickish, and have the veins quite deeply depressed. 
The sweetbrier, Rosa ruhignosa, equally lovely, has 
its leaflets five to seven, usually five. They are ob- 
tuse at the top, rounded at the base, and covered on 
the undersides with resinous glands. From these the 
brier gets its sweet fragrance. Its slender stems are 
set with stout prickles which are curved backwards 
(re-curved). Its flowers are either solitary or in 
twos, of a lovely pink to white, and its hips (fruits) 
are scarlet and pear-shaped. 

North of this clump of roses, near the Drive, is a 
pole that carries wires to the Casino. Near this pole 
is another handsome bed of roses, mostly made up of 
the Rosa centifolia, the cabbage rose. This rose has 
its oval leaflets five to seven (usually five), and its 
stems beset with straight (mostly) prickles. From 
this stock are derived the pompon rose and the moss 
rose. Its flowers, on nodding stems (pedicels), are 
very fragrant, of a rose purple hue, generally. 

Skirting the westerly border of the Drive here, con- 
tinuing northward you come to a lamp, just as the 
Drive forks to send a branch off to the Terrace. About 



119 

this lamp are clustered several things of interest. 
South of it is cabbage rose again, and south of this, 
sweetbrier. West of the cabbage rose is fringe tree, 
lovely in June, with its fluffs of purest white ; west 
of the fringe tree, and a little to the north, is 
shrub-yellowroot, with its pinnately (sometimes bi- 
pinnately) compound leaves. These are usually five- 
lobed. Northeast of the shrub - yellowroot stands 
Fortune's white spiraea, with small fine leaves and 
tiny fairy-like white flowers in early spring. If you 
follow the border of the Drive around toward the 
Terrace, you will find, near the second lamp, the hand- 
somest cluster of gingko trees in the Park. They 
are superb! You can know them at once by their 
fan-shaped leaves, or, better still, by their maiden- 
hair fern-like leaves. How lovely they are, with their 
great long branches growing from the main trunk 
at angles of about forty-five degrees. What a glory 
is their green! And when autumn changes this to a 
soft lemon yellow, ask for no richer sight. 

Directly north of these fine gingko trees, quite 
near the Drive, is a bush with its leaves in fives. It 
is the European bladder nut, Staphylea pinnata, with 
small, hanging clusters of flowers, when in bloom, in 
May or June. 

Let us now come back to the southern end of the 
Mall, and follow the left branch of the Walk which 
turns off by the Statue of Columbus. Its first arm 
leads us past a fine old horsechestnut, a spreading 
European beech, and a sturdy English elm at the left 
of the second fork. The Walk bends here to the 



120 

west, and trends northward in graceful curves, be- 
tween the Mall and the Drive. A gnarled sour gum 
blazons its crimson banners to the autumn sun very 
near to where the Walk begins to bend northerly. It 
is a little to the right of the Walk. You can tell it 
by the crowding of its oval, entire leaves at the ends 
of the side branches. Not far from the sour gum, 
and quite near the Walk is red maple. Some dis- 
tance beyond, where the Walk swings gently to the 
west, after its slight bend to the east, you come, on 
your left, upon several oaks. The first is swamp white 
oak, the next two are white oaks, and the next be- 
yond, the last of the four, is an English oak which 
was planted in the year 1861 by the present King of 
England, when he visited this country as Prince of 
Wales. The tree has since been known as the "Prince 
of Wales Oak." It has had every care, but for some 
reason, it does not seem to be doing over well — in- 
deed, it is just about holding its own. 

At the spot where the Walk touches the Drive there 
is English elm again. The Walk then draws away 
from the Drive, opens out into the transept of the 
Mall, and throws off a cosy little side-shoot of path 
again at your left. This snuggles down close to the 
Drive, ind runs with it for a little space. If you 
take it, it will show you a good swamp white oak 
with a fine old white ash just beyond it. The ash 
has compound leaves. These are on your right. On 
your left, where the Walk comes nearest to the Drive, 
you will find a catalpa and a sassafras. Opposite 
these, about midway between them, a stately old white 



121 

pine flings out its free-hearted boughs in the broad 
and open way so characteristic of it. A clump of 
witch hazel with large oval, unequal-sided leaves, has 
taken its stand, just beyond, not far from where the 
Walk and Drive begin to draw together again. Try 
to see the witch hazel in the fall, October or November, 
when it decks its branches gaily with its slender 
ribbons of yellow four-petaled flowers, so daintily 
crimped, so delicately beautiful. Surely they are fairy- 
like as they flutter there so bravely in the keen crisp 
air. The yellow four petals of the flowers which flut- 
ter like tiny crimped ribbons, are inserted upon the 
calyx. The flower has eight small stamens, only four 
of which are perfect and have anthers. The anthers 
carry the pollen. The other four are imperfect and 
are scale like. The four with anthers are alternate 
with the petals. The fruit of the witch hazel is a two 
celled nut-like capsule, which contains two very hard 
black seeds. When the fruit is ripe the nut opens with 
a snap and discharges these seeds like a pop-gun. 
William Hamilton Gibson once measured the distance 
of some witch hazel seeds as they were discharged 
from the nut, and found that they were thrown over 
thirty feet, so great was the force expended. Across 
from the witch hazel, on the right of the Walk, is 
another hearty old white pine. The white pine has its 
leaves in clusters of five, as has been said, and about 
three, four, or five inches long, of a bluish-green. 
They are very soft and slender, three-sided, needle- 
shaped, and are whitish on the undersides. The cones 
of the white pine are about five inches long, cylin- 



122 

drical in shape and usually bent in a gentle curve. 
The scales are thin and smoothish and free from prick- 
les. The white pine is also called the Weymouth Pine, 
especially in England, because it was first cultivated 
there by Lord Weymouth. Beyond, the Walk again 
touches the Drive, and, as it draws away again, in the 
point between Walk and Drive, are long sweeping 
masses of Gordon's syringa. The Walk curves on to 
the southeast and brings you out upon the northern 
end of the Mall, with its magnificent sweep of elms 
and its noble outlook from the Terrace over the Es- 
planade and Lake. 



Explanations, Map No. 4 



Common Name. 



Botanical Name. 



9- 

lO. 

II. 

12. 

13- 

14. 
15- 
16. 

17- 

18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 



23- 

24. 

25- 
26. 
27. 



Evergreen Thorn or Fire CratcEgus pyracantha 

Thorn. 
Silver or White Maple. 
English Cork-bark Elm 



Hop Tree or Shrubby Tre- 
foil. 

Buttonwood or American 
Sycamore. 

Pin or Swamp Spanish 
Oak. 

Swamp White Oak. 

Turkey Oak. 

Red Oak. 

Sycamore Maple. 

Norway Maple. 

Osage Orange. 

Weeping Golden Bell or 
Forsythia. 

White Pine. 

Cockspur Thorn. 

Bladder Senna. 

Scotch or Wych Elm 

American or White Elm. 

Sugar or Rock Maple. 

Scotch Pine. 

Indian Bean Tree or 
Southern Catalpa. 

American Hornbeam, 
Blue or Water Beech. 

American White Ash. 

Tulip Tree. 

Silver or White Maple. 

American Arbor Vit^. 

Plume-leaved Japan Arbor 
Vitae. 

Hemlock. 



Acer dasycarpum. 

Ulmus campestris, var. suber- 

osa. 
Ptelea trifoliata. 



Platanus Occidentalis. 

Quercus palustris. 

Quercus hicolor. 
Quercus cerris. 
Quercus rubra. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Acer platanoides. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Forsythia suspensa. 

Pinus strobus. 
CratcEgus crus-galli. 
Colutea arborescens. 
Ulmus Montana. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Acer saccharinum. 
Pinus sylvestris. 
Catalpa bignonioides. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 

Fraxinus Americana. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Thuya Occidentalis. 
ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) pisifera, var. plumosa. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 



128 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



29. 

30- 
31- 
32. 
33- 
34. 
35- 
36. 

37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 
41. 
42. 

43- 
44- 
45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 
49. 



50- 
51- 

52. 
53- 

54- 
55- 

56. 

57- 
58. 
59- 

60. 



61, 
62 
63 



Indian Currant or Coral Symphoricarpos vulgaris. 

Berry. 
American or White Elm 
Red Maple. 
Cup Plant. 
American Hazel. 
Black Cherry. 
Chestnut Oak. 
American Chestnut. 



Black Haw. 

American or White Elm. 

Scarlet Oak. 

Pignut or Broom Hickory. 

White Oak. 

Pignut Hickory. 

English or Field Elm. 

White Beam Tree. 

Dwarf Mountain Sumac. 

Norway Spruce. 

White Mulberry. 

Fontanesia. 

Ramanas Rose or Japan 

Rose (Pink and White 

flowers). 
Cockspur Thorn. 
Common Snowball or 

Guelder Rose. 
Honey Locust. 
Norway Maple. 
American or White Elm. 
Indian Currant, Coral 

Berry. 
Common Barberry. 
Mound Lily. 
Pearl Bush. 
Barberry Box Thorn or 

Matrimony Vine. 
Prairie Rose or Wild 

Climbing Rose (Double 

flowered). 
Fragrant Honeysuckle. 
Rhodotypos. 
Cut-leaved Blackberry. 



Ulntus Americana. 
Acer rubrum. 
Silphium perfoliatum. 
Corylus Americana. 
Prunus serotina. 
Quercus prinus. 
Castanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Quercus coccinea. 
Carya porcina. 
Quercus alba. 
Carya porcina. 
Ulmus campestris. 
Sorbus (or Pyrus) aria. 
Rhus copallina. 
Pice a excels a. 
Morus alba. 
Fontanesia Fortunei. 
Rosa rugosa. 



CratcBgus crus-galli. 
Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis. 

Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Acer platanoides. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Symphoricarpos vulgaris. 

Berberis vulgaris. 
Yucca gloriosa (or pendula). 
Exochorda grandiflora. 
Lycium barbarum. 

Rosa Setigera, var. flore plena. 



Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Rhodotypos kerriodes. 
Rubus laciniatus. 



129 



64. Weeping European Sil- 

ver Linden. 

65. Cottonwood or Carolina 

Poplar. 

66. Black Alder or Common 

Winterberry. 

67. Swamp Dogwood, Silky- 

Dogwood, or Kinnikin- 
nik. 

68. American Linden. Bass- 

wood. 

69. Colchicum-leaved maple. 

70. European Beech. 

71. Norway Maple. 

72. Chinese White Magnolia 

or Yulan (Pure white 
flowers). 

73. European Cherry. Maha- 

leb Cherry. 

74. Red Cedar. 

75. White Mulberry 

76. Japan Zebra Grass. 

77. Alternate-leaved Dog- 

wood. 

78. American Strawberry 

Bush. 

79. Bay berry or Wax Myrtle. 

80. Josika Lilac. 

81. Chinese Lilac. 

82. Japan Shadbush. 

83. Siberian or Mountain-ash- 

leaved Spirsea. 

84. European Red Osier, Red- 

stemmed Dogwood, or 
White-fruited Dog- 
wood (also called Si- 
berian Red Osier). 

85. Hackberry, Sugarberry, or 

Nettle Tree. 

86. Slender Deutzia. 

87. Ramanas Rose (White 

flowers) . 

88. Large-flowered Mock 

Orange or Syringa (Var- 
iety flortbundus). 



Tilia Europcra, var. argentea 

(or alba) pendula. 
Populus nwnilifera. 

Ilex verticillata. 

Cornus sericea. 



Tilia Americana. 

Acer Icetiim. 
Fagiis sylvatica. 
Acer platanotdes. 
Magnolia conspicua. 



Prunus Mahaleb. 

Juniperus Virginiana. 

Morus alba. 

Eulalia Japonica, var. ze- 

brina. 
Cornus alternifolia. 

Euonymus Americanus. 

Myrica cerifera. 
Syringa Josikcea. 
Syringa villosa. 
Amelanchier Japonica. 

Spircea sorbifolia. 

Cornus sanguinea (or alba). 



Ccitis Occidentalis. 

Deutzia gracilis. 
Rosa rugosa. 

Philadelphus grandiflorus , var. 
-flortbundus. 



130 



89. Common Mock Orange or 

Sweet Syringa. 

90. Common Elder. 

91. Pekin Lilac. 

92. Prairie or Wild Climbing 

Rose (Single flowers). 

93. Meadow or Early Wild 

Rose. 

94. Japan Bladder Nut. 

95. Common Chokeberry(Red 

berries). 

96. Black Chokeberry (Black 

berries) . 

97. Bristly Locust, Rose Aca- 

cia or Moss Locust. 

98. Chinese Privet. 



Philadelphus coronarius. 

Sambucus Canadensis. 
Syringa Pekmensts (or ligus- 

trina) . 
Rosa setigera. 

Rosa blanda. 

Staphylea Bumalda. 
Pyrus arbutifolia. 



Pyrus arbutifolia, var. 

anocarpa. 
Robinia hispida. 



mel- 



Ligustriim Ibota, var. 
ensis. 



Amur- 



IV. 

THE GREEN AND VICINITY 

At West Sixty-sixth Street, a little by-path leads 
in from behind the Sheepfold, around to the Walk that 
borders the westerly side of the Drive. There are 
many pretty things along its course, but we cannot 
linger, for the circuit of the "Green" is ahead of us. 
But we must stop long enough to take a glance at two 
or three things here, as we go along. Just as this 
by-path begins to bend easterly, you will find, on your 
right, the pretty Japan bladdernut (StapJiylea Bu- 
nialda) with trifoliate leaves, the central leaflet short- 
stemmed. Just beyond, you pass, about opposite each 
other, pin oak (southerly side of Walk) Pyrus 
arbiitifolia (northerly side). The red chokeberry is 
an erect shrub with obovate leaves, of smoothish 
(uppersides) texture, but pubescent beneath. They 
are quite short-stemmed. In April or May its pretty 
white corymbs of flowers appear, and these are suc- 
ceeded by red berries. Across from the pin oak here, 
close by the Sheepfold's corner, you will find a spec- 
imen of the dark-berried chokeberry. Its berries are 
almost black and shining. 

In the little somewhat rectangular space or plat of 
ground in front of the Sheepfold there are several in- 
teresting things. In the northwestern corner, Japan 
shadbush, with ovate-elliptic leaves which are densely 



132 

woolly, especially after unfolding; in the northeastern 
corner, Chinese privet; in the southwest corner, the 
Josika lilac, of Hungarian stock, with leaves that make 
you think of the fringe-tree. Some bushes of the 
Chinese lilac stand just above this, in about the center 
of the space, by the border. Its leaves are broadly 
ovate, whitish beneath, and covered along the veins 
with hairs. The leaves are on short, stout, grooved 
stems. Just north of the villosa is Pekin lilac. Close 
by the Bridle Path, about the center of the space we 
are considering here, you will find two small growths 
of the fire thorn or evergreen thorn, with lance-spat- 
ulate leaves and small clusters of brilliant red berries, 
which are about the size of small peas. You can 
know it by its thorns. Just beyond this, is meadow 
or early wild rose (Rosa hlanda), with its leaflets, five 
to seven, oval obtuse. Beyond the hlanda, you will 
find prairie rose (Rosa setigera), with leaflets, three 
to five, oval acute. 

Around the Seventh Regiment Monument there are 
clustered some beautiful things. Let us follow the 
path that leads to and around it, going northerly. As 
this path branches off to the left (west) from the Walk 
that borders the west side of the Drive, you pass, on 
your left, Indian currant, a pretty low straggling bush 
with small oval leaves and beautiful coral-red berries 
in autumn. Just beyond it is common barberry with 
oblong leaves and plenty of spines. Beyond this, in 
the corner just as the path opens out about the Monu- 
ment, low down, with sabre-like leaves, is mound lily. 
Look at the margins of these leaves. You see they 







m 



133 

do not shred off into fine thread-like filaments, like 
the Adam's needle yon found down on Section Num- 
ber One. Beyond the mound lily, and about south 
of the center of the Monument, is the pretty pearl 
bush, cultivated from China for its large white flowers. 
These have spoon-shaped petals, and come out in long 
axillary racemes in May or June. It is a beautiful 
shrub, and the white of its flowers is purity itself. It 
gets its name from the Latin exo, external, and chorde, 
a thong, referring to the structure of the fruit. At 
the far south-westerly corner of the path is Lyciitm 
barharum. Directly back (west) of the Monument 
is a handsome double-flowered variety of the prairie 
rose, and at the northwest corner of the path we have 
fragrant honeysuckle. Directly north of the Monu- 
ment are two low-growing specimens of the pearl bush. 

On the right of the Walk, as you went around, 
you passed Rhodotypos (in the corner), then cut- 
leaved blackberry and bristly locust, opposite the 
mound lily. The bristly locust is easily identified by 
its bristly branches and locust leaves. It sprawls 
about beautifully here, directly opposite the south- 
easterly corner of the Monument. As you follow the 
path down the gentle decline to its junction with the 
Drive Walk, you will see, on your right, as you go 
northerly, a fine old weeping European silver linden. 

Follow the Drive Walk northwards from this junc- 
tion, and, about half way to the Arbor beyond, you 
will pass three fine cottonwoods. These are on the 
left of the Walk. Beyond these, a little space, on the 
left again, you will find black alder or common win- 



134 

terberry, conspicuous in the fall, for its bright red 
berries. Its leaves are wedge-shaped at the base. Be- 
yond these, on the right, in the point of the bed here 
between Walk and Drive, is Rhodotypos with its ovate, 
opposite leaves which remind you of the arrowwood. 
Continuing, on your left again, nearly opposite the 
Arbor, stands a handsome honey locust with dark, al- 
most blackish bark, strong thorns, and delicate pinnate 
leaves. Just north of the honey locust is swamp dog- 
wood or kinnikinnik, with silky pubescent leaves, cream 
white flowers in late spring or early summer, in flat 
cymes and pale-blue berries. Roiling out beside this 
shrub is a handsome mass of the Cormis saiigninea, 
with broadly ovate leaves coming down to a point 
at the tip. It gets its name sanguinca from its end 
branches which in winter turn a beautiful polished 
crimson. Afar ofif then you can see its ruddy glow, 
and against the snow it is charming. Its specific name 
alba applies to its fruit, zvhitc berries. Passing on, 
near where the Walk bends up toward Seventy-second 
Street Gate, a fine old osage orange spreads out its 
shining canopy of sun-glinted leaves. Its dark-brown 
bark with a decided reddish cast will mark it for you. 
But if this is not enough, look for the spines in the 
axils of its leaves. This tree fruits heavily, and if 
you are passing it in the autumn, you will see the 
large pale-green "oranges" hanging conspicuously amid 
the branches. Of course, the term "orange" is merely 
applied from their resemblance to that fruit. The 
green fruit of the osage, as you can see by examin- 
ing the pieces which are sure to be under the tree, is 



135 

simply a ball of closely compressed drupes. Each of 
these drupes are oblong and filled with a milk-like 
juice. And don't the squirrels love them! The osage 
stands about opposite another honey locust. Going 
to the Arbor over the Walk, near West Seventy-second 
Street Gate, standing close by its southwesterly end, 
is a basswood, with large (four to six inches) lop- 
sided heart-shaped leaves, with the largest side of the 
leaf nearest the branch. The fruits look like good- 
sized woolly peas. Off to the west of the basswood, 
down the bank, thrusting its leaves over the Bridle 
Path, is a small alternate-leaved dogwood. If you can 
get close enough to it, you will see that its leaves 
are set alternately on the branches, especially at the 
end-branches — a feature quite distinct from the other 
cornels which have their leaves all opposite on the 
branch. 

Let us now come back to the Sheepfold and make 
the circuit of the Green. We cross the Drive and 
continue our ramble along the southerly side of the 
broad open stretch which has been so aptly called the 
"Green." As we enter upon it, on our right, stands 
a fine old swamp white oak, and opposite to it, in 
the left-hand corner, a pin oak. Note the different 
character of bark on these two trees — the smooth 
steel-gray of the pin oak, streaked with black, and the 
rough ash-gray of the swamp oak, cut in long flattish 
strip-like scales or plates which have a rather shaggy 
look. Beyond the swamp white oak are two Turkey 
oaks, easily known by their dark heavily-ridged bark, 
and beyond the Turkey oaks, a splendid red oak. 



136 

This tree is lordly! Stand off and let your eyes rove 
in delight over its lustrous green. In the corner of 
the next offshoot of path is osage orange, with a fine 
mass of weeping Forsythia beyond it, and a hackberry 
opposite the Forsythia. The hackberry can easily be 
known by its warty bark and ''bird's nest" clusters of 
branches. Opposite the osage orange, on your left, 
is sycamore maple with its cordate five-lobed thickish 
leaves on long reddish leaf-stems. Out upon the 
Green, just north of this tree, is Norway maple. 

Continuing eastwards along the southerly side of 
the Green, you pass, on your right, white pine, cock- 
spur thorn, and then a goodly gathering of more white 
pines. Some little distance along, is Scotch elm, and 
close by the brink of Transverse Road No. i, about 
southwest of the Scotch elm, you will see bladder 
senna. It has compound leaves (seven to eleven leaf- 
lets), and belongs to the pulse family. In summer 
(July) it flowers in golden racemes. These yellow 
pea flowers are succeeded by bladder-like pods which 
puff out very conspicuously all over the bush in a 
way that at once stirs your curiosity. 

Back on the Walk again, and continuing easterly, 
you pass Scotch elm, on your right, and then, on your 
left, out on the Green, sycamore maple, American elm, 
sycamore maple, sugar maple, sycamore maple. Just 
beyond is an old catalpa, and close about the rcoks 
here several American hornbeams. A fine white ash 
has set its firm foot on the next rock mass, and faces 
a pin oak, to the south, with a couple of lordly tulip 
trees beside the pin oak. 



137 

As this Walk approaches the Drive, there is a good 
specimen of American arbor vitae and a golden plume- 
leaved retinospora. The American arbor vitse is easily 
distinguished by the glands on the backs of its closely 
appressed scale-like leaves, and the retinospora by its 
fine plume-like leaf-sprays. 

Let us turn here and follow the trend of the Walk 
northerly along the east side of the Green. We pass 
a cluster of silver maples, then a struggling little hem- 
lock, and then some good specimens of American elm. 
These are near a lamp-post by the Drive. Now we 
go northerly, and opposite another lamp-post by Drive 
(about half way to the next off -shoot of Walk) is 
silver maple with a red maple beside it. 

At the next fork of the Walk, the left-hand branch 
cuts across the upper part of the Green. Let us take 
it. At the right-hand corner of this path, as you go 
westerly, is a good white pine that still sings its re- 
quiem music to the sweep of winter winds. A lordly 
group of tulip trees are clustered together, a little 
further along on your right (north), with tall col- 
umnar trunks and white seed ''cones" against the 
autumn sky. Opposite these, on the other side of the 
Walk, is catalpa. A little further on, as you go west- 
erly, a rock cuts up through the swelling greensward. 
In its easterly shoulder, a little black haw leans out 
most invitingly. At the northerly end of the rock is 
American chestnut. Back of the chestnut, on the rock 
is a ragged old red cedar with bare trunk and close 
scale-like leaves (awl-shaped on the younger growths). 
South of this red cedar, and about west of the black 



138 

haw, is a white mulberry with shining green mitten- 
shaped leaves. Beyond the rock, an American elm 
sweeps up its vase-like form, and, diagonally across 
the Walk from it, is a Norway maple, full foliaged 
and lusty. About in line with the next abutment of 
rock, but close by the border (right) of the Walk, 
is scarlet oak with bristle-tipped leaves, and just be- 
yond it, a pignut hickory. Beyond the hickory is 
white oak, standing just back of another pignut. The 
pignut has compound leaves, with the leaf stem smooth. 
The white oak's leaves are simple and round-lobed. 
A little further along we come to a large mass of rock 
on the right (north) of the Walk. This mass is quite 
near the Mineral Spring House. The beautiful dwarf 
mountain sumac garnishes its southeastern corner. 
This sumac you easily recognize by the wing along 
the leaf-stem and between the leaflets. Up the rock, 
and back of the sumac an old black cherry lifts its 
shaggy scaly bark. Down in the southwesterly corner 
of the rock mass is a whispering chatty gathering of 
the Japan zebra grass. How lovely it is, with its 
handsome bands (across the leaves) of green and 
white. 

Near the Mineral Spring House, beyond the rock 
mass here, the Walk throws oft" an arm to the right 
(northerly) which meets the Border Walk of the Drive 
beyond. This arm of pathway has a very interesting 
tree to show us — the white beam tree of the mountain- 
ash tree family. It stands on the right (east) of the 
path, about opposite the short branch of Walk that 
runs in behind Mineral Spring House. This tree, from 




White Beam Tree [Sorbus (or Pynis) aria 
Map 4. No. 44. 



139 

its leaf, might be mistaken for a scarlet-fruited haw- 
thorn, for indeed the leaves are rather similar. But 
the lack of any thorns on the tree relieves it at once 
of that accusation. As has been said above, the tree 
belongs to the mountain-ash family, and in May breaks 
out its flowers in broad white corymbs which change 
later, with clusters of roundish orange-red berries 
crowded closely together. The leaves of the tree are 
dark-green on the uppersides, but are very white 
(tomentose) on the undersides. In shape they are 
roundish-ovate or oblong-oval, generally wedge-shaped 
at the base, either acute or obtuse at the point, and 
with margins sharply and doubly serrate. Continu- 
ing along the Walk, beyond the white beam tree, you 
pass, on your left, Norway spruce with dark sombre 
branches that droop in A-form on either side of the 
main boughs. You know it is a spruce, because its 
leaves are four-sided. A white mulberry with mitten- 
shaped leaves stands just beyond it. As the Walk 
curves around to meet the Border Walk, about half 
way around, on your right, is a fine mass of common 
elder. See it in June when it lays over its rolling 
masses of green the lace of its white kerchiefs of bloom 
— the lovely broad flat corymbs of its white flowers. 
In the point of the Walk's junction with the Border 
Walk, is a beautiful mass of the Ramanas rose. This 
is made up mostly of the white-flowered variety. Diag- 
onally across on the bed at the north of the Border 
Walk you will find the pink and the white-flowered 
varieties of this handsome rose beautifully inter- 
mingled. The leaflets of this rose run in fives to nines, 



I40 

and the branch stems are densely thick with prickles 
and bristles. They look ''mossy" with them. The 
leaflets are dark glossy and shining green on the upper- 
sides. 

If you follow the trend of the Border Walk here, 
easterly, about midway opposite the bank of the pink 
and white Ramanas rose, you will find, on your right, 
a fair specimen of the Fontanesia — the same kind of 
shrub, with the willow-like leaves you met down in 
Section No. i, near the Bosc's red ash and the Dairy. 
Beyond the Fontanesia here, a little beyond a point 
about opposite the ''Falconer," but close by the right- 
hand border of the Walk, you come to American 
strawberry bush, and beside it, the beautiful Siberian 
or Mountain ash-leaved spiraea The former has ovate- 
lanceolate simple leaves, the latter has compound leaves, 
which closely resemble the leaves of the mountain ash. 
The Siberian spirsea blooms in July in great white 
flufifs that are welcome sights at that time of year, 
when you wonder that anything has energy enough to 
show a petal of bloom. 

Should you follow the path around by the Drive, 
easterly, it will lead you past a splendid sweep of green 
to the fork where you turned off to go toward the 
Mineral Spring House. As you come to the rock 
mass (on your right) about opposite the Drive crossing 
to the Mall, you pass a handsome cluster of Turkey 
oaks. These are on the left of the Walk, between the 
Walk and the Drive. Up on the rocks at your right, 
on the extreme southerly end, is a chestnut oak with 
wavy-lobed leaves. Just beyond the lamp-post here, 



141 

on your left, is American hazel, with leaves slightly 
heart-shaped at the base, rather broadly oval and more 
or less pointed at the tip. Where the border bed of 
the Walk narrows here, a white pine spreads its open- 
hearted, level boughs, and on your right, as you now go 
southerly, not far from the fork of the Walk beyond, you 
will see a large mass of the gladsome cup plant starring 
out its beautiful yellow flowers in summer. You can 
recognize it easily by its very square stems and leaves 
that clasp about the stems in a way that is truly cup- 
like. In the right hand corner of the fork, beyond, is 
another white pine. 

Had you taken the left branch of the Walk, after 
passing around behind the Mineral Spring House, it 
would have led you by cockspur thorn (on your right, 
as you passed westerly) and Scotch elm (diagonall}/ 
across from the cockspur thorn. The thorn has glossy, 
wedge, obovate leaves ; the elm, large, thick leaves with 
a long, abrupt point on either side of which lesser 
points jut out conspicuously. A handsome mass of 
the large-flowered syringa banks the border bed, on 
your right, where it narrows to a point between Walk 
and Drive. Beyond is a lamp-post, and opposite to it, 
on your left, back on the greensward a little, is guelder 
rose or common snowball, one of the viburnums. You 
can know it easily by its three-lobed leaves. In the 
guelder rose all the individual flowers are sterile and 
form large, round heads of bloom. This shrub is really 
the sterile variety of the common high-bush cranberry. 
Compare the leaves of this shrub with those of the 
high-bush cranberry in other parts of the Park, and 



142 

note their similarity. Continuing, on your left, you 
pass sycamore maple, with its five-lobed, cordate leaves 
on long, reddish leaf stems. Here we have come to the 
Arbor by the Drive, bowered so beautifully by the 
cluster of honey locusts, that with their fierce thorns 
seem a silent guard-at-arms over the pretty little nook. 
While you are at the Arbor, go through it and have a 
look at the fine row of red oaks that have marshaled 
the bravery of their glossy green between the Mineral 
Spring House and the Arbor. 

Before leaving this section, if it has been your good 
fortune to have procured a permit, cross the Drive at 
the lamp-post opposite the guelder rose to the lamp-post 
on the northerly side of the Drive and strike due north 
of this until you come to a tree with light-gray bark 
and leaves reverse egg-shape (obovate) that have a little 
abrupt point at the end. This tree is the Chinese white 
magnolia or Yulan, and I hope you can see it bloom in 
April. It is then a cloud of pure white, lovely beyond 
words. The large, cream-white blossoms seem to float 
upon the air and the fragrance of their perfume is in- 
expressibly sweet upon the April breeze. The blossoms 
come before the leaves appear, breaking out from the 
great furry buds that have been the tree's conspicu- 
ous and individual winter marks of identification. The 
winter buds of the conspicua have a somewhat greenish 
cast through their furry coats, while those of its near 
hybrid, the Soidangeana, are quite brownish. 

Across to the west of conspicua is a large rock mass, 
and west of this, near the Drive, you will find an in- 



143 

teresting group of trees. They are the Colchicum- 
leaved maples, and you can tell them by their beautiful 
bark striations or veinings, or by their somewhat 
star-like leaves. The leaves are five to seven lobed, 
smooth, and just a trifle heart-shaped at the base. 
They are smooth and green on either side, and are of 
a thin and tender texture. These trees are indeed 
handsome, and the markings on their branches remind 
me of the beautiful stems of the shadbush. The bloom 
of these maples is in the spring in erect corymbs, some- 
what like the flowers of the Norway maple. Hand- 
some trees they are, surely, and seem to be all thriving 
here. May you have the good fortune to get near to 
them and let your eyes revel over their beautifully 
marked boughs. 

Northwest of the Colchicum maples, you will find 
close by the Drive, a splendid example of the European 
beech. It is broad boughed and in excellent condition. 
This handsome tree is almost opposite the pretty little 
rustic Arbor which arches the Walk that bends to 
the south just after entering the West Seventy-Second 
Street Gate. As you drive in from the Gate it is sure 
to catch your eye, for it stands well out alone on the 
lawn and has had plenty of room to grow to its full 
perfection. As I have said before, notice its leaves, 
which are not toothed but have their margins fringed 
with delicate hairs. This fringing of the margin with 
hairs is termed botanically, ciliate. The American 
beech differs from the European in having very de- 
cidedly toothed leaves, the teeth terminating the ends of 



144 

the veins at the margin of the leaf. It may be inter- 
esting to add here that the beech belongs to the oak 
family, which includes, also, the birch, alder, hazel, 
hop, hornbeam, and cliestnut. 






90 



^^ 



95 fMcJ Cr\ 










Explanations, Map No. 5 



I. 

2. 

3- 

4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 
8. 

9- 

lO. 

II. 

12. 

13- 

14. 
15- 

16. 

17- 
18. 
19. 

20. 

21. 
22. 



24. 

25- 
26. 



28. 
29. 



Common Name 

English Oak. 

Japan Maple. 

Austrian Pine. 

Mugho Pine. 

Umbel- flowered Oleaster. 

European White Birch. 

European or English Yew. 

Purple-leaved European 
White Birch. 

Purple -leaved European 
Hazel. 

American Linden, Bass- 
wood, Bee Tree. 

Japan Snowball. 

Black Cherry. 

Nordmann's Silver Fir. 

American or White Elm. 

Abrupt - leaved Japan 
Yew. 

Japan Rose. 

Thunberg's Barberry, 

European Bladder Nut. 

Willow Oak. 

Japan Shadbush. 

Siebold's Viburnum. 

Panicled Hydrangea 
(Large flowered) . 

Rosemary-leaved Willow. 

Plume Grass. 
Japan Bamboo. 
Variegated Japan Plume 

Grass. 
Weeping European White 

Birch. 
Laurel-leaved Willow. 
Garden Red Cherry, Mor- 

ello Cherry. 



Botanical Name 

Quercus robur. 

Acer polymorphum. 

Pinus Austriaca. 

Pinus Montana, var. Mughus. 

ElcBGgnus umhellata. 

Betula alba. 

Taxus baccata. 

Betula alba, var. atropurpurea. 

Corylus avellana, var. atropur- 
purea. 
Tilia Americana. 

Viburnum plicatum. 
Primus serotina. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Taxus cuspidata. 

Rosa rugosa. 

Berber is Thunbergii. 

Staphylea pinnata. 

Quercus phellos. 

Amelanchier Japonica. 

Viburnum Sieboldi. 

Hydrangea paniculata, var. 
grandiflora. 

Salix rosmarinijolia (or in- 
cana). 

Erianthus RavenncB. 

Bambusa Metake. 

Eulalia (or Miscanthus) Ja- 
ponica, var. foliis variegatis. 

Betula alba, var. pendula. 

Salix pentandra. 
Prunus cerasus. 



150 



so- 
31- 

32. 
33- 

34- 
35- 
36. 



37- 
38. 

39- 
40. 
41. 
42. 

43- 

44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 
49. 

50- 

51- 

52. 
53- 
54. 

55- 
56. 
57- 

58. 
59- 
60. 
61. 

62. 



Common Name 

Golden or Yellow Willow. 

Cut-leaved European 
Beech. 

Long-Stemmed Elm. 

Weigela (Dark crimson 
flowers). 

Sugar or Rock Maple. 

Chinese Cork Tree. 

European (or Siberian) 
Red Osier, Red-stem- 
med Dogwood, White- 
fruited Dogwood. 

Purple-leaved Norway 
Maple. 

Indian Bean Tree or 
Southern Catalpa. 

Arrowwood. 

Black Haw. 

Buckthorn. 

Bush Deutzia. 

European Beech 

Red Maple. 

Pin Oak. 

Silver or White Maple. 

English or Field Elm. 

American or White Elm. 

Sycamore Maple. 

Shadbush, June Berry or 
Service Berry. 

Common Snowball or 
Guelder Rose. 

Californian Privet. 

Cornelian Cherry. 

American Sycamore, But- 
tonwood, Buttonball. 

Sycamore Maple. 

Scotch Elm, Wych Elm. 

Purple-leaved European 
Hazel. 

Yellowwood. 

Bald Cypress. 

Imperial Paulownia. 

Plume-leaved Retinospora 
or Japan Arbor Vitae. 

European or English Yew. 



Botanical Name 

Salix alba, var. vitellina. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata 
(or asplenifolia). 

Ubnits effiisa. 

DieryiLla hybrida, var. Laval- 
lei. 

Acer saccharinum. 

Phellodendron Aniurense. 

Cornus sanguinea (or alba). 



Acer platanoides, var. pur- 
purea. 
Catalpa Bignonioides. 

Vtburnum dentatum. 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Rhamnus cathartica. 
Deutzia crenata. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Acer rabrum. 
Quercus palustris. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Ulmus campestris. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis. 

Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
Cornus mascula. 
Platanus occidentalis. 

Acer pseudoplatanus. 

Ulmus Montana. 

Corylus Avellana, var. atro- 

purpurea. 
Cladrastis tinctoria. 
Taxodium distichum. 
Paidownia imperialis. 
Chamcecy parts (or Retinospora) 

pisijera, var. plumosa. 
Taxus baccata. 



151 



63- 
64. 

65- 
66. 
67. 
68. 
6g. 
70. 

71- 

72. 

73- 
74- 
75- 
76. 

77- 
78. 

79- 

80. 
81. 
82. 



85. 
86. 

87. 



89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 

93- 

94. 

95- 
96. 



Common Name 

American or White Ash. 

Ginkgo Tree, or Maiden- 
hair Tree. 

Scotch Elm. 

American White Ash. 

Oriental Plane Tree. 

Black Cherry. 

American Beech. 

Weeping European Silver 
Linden. 

Cottonwood or Carolina 
Poplar. 

Laurel Oak or Shingle Oak. 

English or Field Elm. 

Scotch Pine. 

Scotch Elm. 

Willow Oak. 

Red Oak. 

White Pine. 

Ninebark. 

Oriental Spruce. 
Nordmann's Silver Fir. 
Koelreuteria or Varnish 

Tree. 
Sweet Bay or Swamp 

Magnolia. 
Stuartia. 
Mount Atlas Cedar, Silver 

Cedar, African Cedar. 
Cucumber Tree or Moun- 
tain Magnolia. 
Japan Quince. 
Sweet Bay or Swamp 

Magnolia. 
Fragrant Honeysuckle. 
Rhodotypos. 
Beach Plum. 
Ramanas Rose or Japan 

Rose. 
Cottonwood or Carolina 

Poplar. 
European or Tree Alder. 
Great-leaved Magnolia. 
Umbrella Tree. 



Botanical Name 

Fraxinus Americana. 
Salisburia adiantifolia. 

Ulmus Montana. 

Fraxinus Americana. 

Platanus Orientalis. 

Prunus serotina. 

Fagus ferruginea. 

Tilia Furopcea, var. argentea 

(or alba) pendula. 
Populus monilifera. 

Quercus imbricaria. 

Ulmus campestris. 

Pinus sylvestris. 

Ulmus Montana. 

Quercus phellos. 

Quercus rubra. 

Pinus strobus. 

Physocarpus (or Spircea) op- 

ulifolia. 
Picea Orientalis. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Koelreuteria paniculata. 

Magnolia glauca. 

Stuartia pentagyna. 
Cedrus Atlantica. 

Magnolia acuminata. 

Cydonia Japonica. 
Magnolia glauca. 

Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Rhodotypos kerrioides. 
Prunus maritinia. 
Rosarugosa. 

Populus monilifera. 

Alnus glutinosa. 
Magnolia macrophylla 
Magnolia umbrella. 



152 



97- 

98. 

99- 

lOO. 
lOI. 

I02, 

103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 

108. 
109. 
IIO. 

III. 

112. 

113- 
114. 

115- 
116. 

117. 
118. 
119. 

120. 
121. 



Common Name 

European Bird Cherry. 

Fringe Tree. 

Double - flowering Crab 

Apple. 
Green or Mountain Alder. 
Black Willow. 
English Cork-bark Elm. 

Persimmon. 
European Beech. 
Wild Red Osier. 
American Hornbeam. 
Ailanthus or Tree of 

Heaven. 
American or White Elm. 
Sourwood or Sorrel Tree. 
Common Horechestnut. 
Panicled Dogwood. 
Red Cedar. 
European Beech. 
Weigela (white flowers). 
Chinese Lilac. 
* Butternut or White 

Walnut. 
Swamp White Oak. 
Sassafras. 
Cut - leaved European 

Beech. 
Norway Maple. 
Californian Rose Mallow. 



Botanical Name 

Prunus padus. 
Chionanthus Virginica. 
Pyrus malus, var. fiore plena. 

Alnus viridis. 

Salix nigra. 

Ulmus canipestris, var. sube- 

rosa. 
Diospyros Virginiana. 
Fagiis sylvatica. 
Cornus stolonifera. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 
Ailanthus glandule sus. 

Ulmus Americana. 
Oxydendrum arboreum. 
ALsculiiS hippocastanum. 
Cornus paniculaia. 
Juniperus Virginiana. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Diervilla alba (or Candida). 
Syringa Pekinensis. 
Juglans cinerea. 

Quercus bicolor. 

Sassafras officinale. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata. 

Acer platanoides. 
Hibiscus Calif amicus. 



V. 



EAST SEVENTY-SECOND STREET TO EAST SEVENTY- 
NINTH STREET 

Enter, for this ramble, at East Seventy - second 
Street, and turn off to the right at the first fork of 
the Walk. The path here splits right and left. Close 
by the second series of steps on the left branch of 
Walk (the westerly) you will find the interesting 
rosemary-leaved willow. It is a pretty shrub with very 
narrow linear leaves, which have their margins slightly 
turned or rolled over in a way that botanists term 
revohite. The leaf edges are entire (not cut) and the 
leaves are cottony-white on the undersides. On the 
uppersides they are of a dull, dark green. They are 
set close in to the leaf stem, that is, are nearly sessile. 
Delicacy is the word to express the effect of this shrub, 
and its fine leaves certainly make it a thing of exquisite 
beauty. 

If you follow the branch of Walk that splits off 
to the east, you will find just off to the east of the little 
cut-leaved beech (easily known by its cut leaves) two 
small English oaks. These are especially interesting, 
as they came from Sachsenwald, the estate of the late 
Prince Bismarck. Off to the east of these are two 
low bushes; the northerly is a small sapling of the 
laurel-leaved willow, with glossy, shining leaves; the 
southerly of the two is another rosemary-leaved willow. 



154 

South of this willow is another of the same kind, and 
south of it a pretty Japan maple, with star - like 
leaves. 

Continuing along this Walk, at the steps and about 
them, are several interesting things. Off to the left, 
near the first step, is European white birch, and at the 
right of the step is English yew, a low bush here, with 
flat, Hnear leaves, pointed and two-ranked. To the 
east of this is Siberian red osier, with crimson branches 
in winter. South of the osier is umbel-flowered oleaster, 
with yellowish-brown branchlets covered generally with 
a silvery scurf, and leaves elliptic or oblong ovate in 
shape, crisped about the margins and silvery-white on 
the undersides, often marked with a few brown scales. 
This pretty Japan shrub blooms in May or June with 
fragrant, umbel-clustered, yellowish-white flowers in 
the axils of the leaves, and these are succeeded in the 
fall by dense clusters of beautiful amber-red berries 
speckled all over with silvery spots. These berries 
make a beautiful show at that time. 

By the second step are some masses of the dark 
crimson-flowered Weigela (var. LavaUei) and are very 
handsome in June. Near them the purple-leaved Eu- 
ropean birch flashes its leaves so darkly purple that 
they appear almost black. They are striking indeed, 
burning the light from their glossy leaves and in strong 
contrast with the vivid white of the tree's bark. Off 
to the east of this birch is a purple-leaved European 
hazel, a low-spreading bush, with dark crimson-purple, 
almost bronze, leaves. The leaves are roundish, heart- 
shaped, and broadish at the ends, just before they come 



155 

to a point. Note how much broader these leaves are 
at the ends than those of our native hazel. 

Passing on, we meet black cherry on the left of the 
Walk, easily known by its scaly bark, and opposite to 
it, on the right of the Walk, some fine masses of the 
Japan snowball. Beyond, on the left, is a fair specimen 
of the Nordmann's silver fir, an evergreen with long, 
linear, flat leaves which are notched at the tip and 
marked on the undersides by silvery lines. The tree 
is rather conical in form, with horizontal branches. Its 
foHage is a deep dark green, and through it you catch, 
where the light touches the undersides of the leaves, 
the beautiful glint of silver that is just enough to set 
your eyes dancing. 

At the junction of the Walk beyond, with the Walk 
that borders Conservatory Lake, you will find Taxiis 
ciispidata, with leaves like the English yew's, but tipped 
with stronger points. Opposite the ciispidata is sugar 
maple. Following the Walk around the easterly border 
of Conservatory Lake, to its next fork, we will follow 
the east branch of this junction. But before we do so, 
let us look at some things about the Lily Pond. At its 
southerly end wave several clumps of the beautiful 
plume-grass, Erianthus Ravennce. Close by the margin 
of the Pond, you will find the pretty Japan bamboo, 
Bamhusa Metake, growing in two waving clumps, one 
a little beyond the plume-grass, the other near the most 
easterly end of the Pond. East and a trifle soutR of 
this clump is the variegated Japan plume-grass. If you 
have a permit to explore this district, near the Fifth 
Avenue Wall and about due east of the Japan plume- 



iS6 

grass you will find Chinese cork tree with long ailan- 
thus-like leaves and another one south of this, about 
in line with the southerly end of the Lily Pond. If you 
find this cork tree, near it, to the southwest, is sour- 
wood, with leaves like those of the peach tree and long 
fingers of white bloom in the summer. To the south- 
west of the sourwood are several handsome specimens 
of the panicled hydrangea. 

At the extreme northerly end of the Lily Pond, you 
will find golden willow, in summer a drifting cloud of 
silvery gray-green, in winter a lovely mist of brassy- 
yellow twigs and branches. A little off to the east of the 
golden willow, low down, about two feet high, the 
handsome Californian rose mallow blows out its beau- 
tiful, large white flowers, with pink centers, to the 
blaze of an August sun. How lovely and cool they 
look, nestling here by the sleepy Pond ! East of the 
mallow, almost in line with each other, north and south, 
are Siberian red osier, rhodotypos, pin oak and willow 
oak. All of these you have met before, except the 
willow oak. This is easy to identify, for its leaves are 
indeed very much like those of a willow — linear-lance- 
olate, of a smooth, clear green, and narrowed at base 
and tip. They are entire or almost entire. You cannot 
mistake the tree, for at first glance you are sure to see 
its willow-like look. There is another of these oaks 
about due north of this one, and northeast of the 
second, near the Fifth Avenue Wall, you will find the 
handsome Siebold's viburnum, grown to the height of a 
small tree. This handsome shrub is a Japan product and 
is certainly a worthy importation. In May or June it 




'^ "P 



O) 



<; rt 
O S 

o 



157 

lifts over its dark-green, shining, oval leaves its con- 
spicuous panicles of bloom. These panicles are very 
showy, and, with their several tiers, make you think of 
a candelabrum. They are, in this respect, different from 
any other viburnum's flowers in the Park. These hand- 
some blossoms are individually a combination of the 
wheel-shaped (rotate) and bell-shaped (campanulate) 
types of flowers. They change, later, to pinkish, oblong 
berries which, as they ripen, become blue-black. The 
shrub's leaves are very handsome, large and richly 
dark green. About west of this viburnum, close by 
the Walk, is long-stemmed English elm, and across the 
Walk from this tree, to the southwest, up the rise of 
the slope here, is cut-leaved European beech. Con- 
tinuing along the Walk, northerly, near the place 
where it goes under the Drive, through an Arch, it 
branches off to the northeast (your right) past some 
European beeches and red maples, to the Seventy-ninth 
Street Gate. Near this Gate you pass, just beyond the 
lamp-post on your left, common horsechestnut, on your 
right catalpa, buckthorn and sycamore maple. The 
buckthorn has leaves that remind you of the dogwood. 
If you had not branched off to the right from the 
Arch, but had gone through it, northerly, you would 
have passed, on your right, sycamore maple (about 
opposite a red maple), then close together, one after 
the other, on your right, buckthorn, wild red osier (with 
crimson branches streaked with crinkly lines in winter), 
American hornbeam, with birch-like leaves, muscular, 
ridgy bark veined beautifully by silver streaks, and 
then buckthorn again. Diagonally across the Walk 



158 

from this buckthorn, is a black cherry, with rough, scaly 
bark. Continuing on the right of the Walk, are two 
sycamore maples, close together, with another of the 
same kind further to the north of them. Beyond the 
tree is a red maple, with very handsome, light-gray 
bark and leaves three to five-lobed. Directly opposite 
this red maple, across the Walk, is Japan quince, rich 
in thorns, and off to one side of the quince is panicled 
dogwood. Note the whitish undersides of the leaves. 
Just beyond these the Walk branches, with an arm to 
the west. Close by the first steps here is red maple, 
by the second steps, sycamore maple and American 
elm opposite each other, with a mass of ninebark, at 
the right of the steps, beyond them. The leaves of 
this shrub are three-lobed. A little beyond, on the 
right, near a sycamore maple, is a young swamp white 
oak, and quite near the Drive, on your left, American 
hornbeam. 

Come back now to the Boat House. Close by it, to 
the north, you will find several good specimens of the 
black willow, with the undersides of their leaves green, 
differing in this respect from the vitellina, which you 
met before at the beginning of this ramble near the 
Lily Pond. In the loops of ground at the Boat House, 
are varnish tree and fringe tree, in the northerly loop. 
The varnish tree has compound leaves, the fringe tree, 
simple. In the southerly loop are two European bird 
cherries. In the border bed, at the south of the Boat 
House, are double-flowering crab apple, and then two 
yellowwoods. These are side by side. The yellow- 
woods have smooth light-gray bark, like the bark of 




Yellow WOOD (In bloom) {Clad r as t is tinctoria) 
Map 5. No. 58. 



159 

the beech tree, but you can distinguish them from the 
beech by their compound leaves. The leaflets are oval 
and are from seven to eleven in number. These trees 
belong to the great pulse family, blooming in June, in 
long drooping panicles of fragrant white flowers. 
About opposite the northerly one of these yellowwoods, 
on the west of the Walk, back a little, about midway 
toward the Drive, you will find green or mountain 
alder, with oval or ovate leaves, rounded at the base 
and pale green on the undersides. 

Turn off from the Walk here and pass down the 
steps through the Arch beneath the Drive, follow this 
branch of Walk around to the right, and proceed along 
the border of the Drive, with it, southerly. You pass 
some lordly old cottonwoods, clumped together. Be- 
yond the cottonwoods, fairly well back on the slope 
of the greensward, stands the interesting laurel or 
shingle oak. Its leaves are lanceolate-oblong, of a 
smooth dark green, and resemble the leaves of laurel. 
They are generally entire (not cut), and end in an 
abrupt point. On the undersides they are somewhat 
downy. 

A lamp-post stands by the Drive Crossing, a little 
further along the Walk here, and off to the east of 
it, well back on the lawn, are black cherry (with 
rough scaly bark), and two willow oaks east of it. 
The oaks you know at once by their willow-like leaves. 
They are small trees, about eighteen or twenty feet high 
now, and are remarkably healthy in every respect. 
The leaves are certainly anything but oak-like in ap- 
pearance. The willow oak belongs to the sub-group of 



i6o 

oaks which botanists have designated as the thick- 
leaved oaks, which are almost evergreen in the South, 
but are, of course, deciduous at the North. This group 
includes the water oak, the barren oak, the shingle oak, 
the upland willow oak (Quercus cinerea) and the 
willow oak {Quercus phellos). Of this group the only 
representatives we have in Central Park are the shingle 
oak and the willow oak, both of which are in this 
vicinity as has been stated. 

At this lamp by the Drive, we cross to go to the Ter- 
race where we will find many very beautiful things, 
and which we will take up, in detail, in the next ramble. 



RRAC 




\'2 2VVV ^ D«' 



Explanations, Map No. 6 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. American Arbor Vitae. 

2. Chinese Wistaria. 

3. Pinxter Flower, Wild 

Honeysuckle, Pink 
Azalea. 

4. Caucasian Azalea. 

5. Japan Judas Tree. 

6. Early - flowering Jessa- 

mine. 

7. Rhododendrons. 

8. Staggerbush. 

9. Red Oak. 

10. American Beech. 

11. Black Cherry. 

12. Japan Plume Grass. 

1 3 . Plume-leaved Japan Arbor 

Vitce. 

14. Thornless Rose. 

15. Japan Zebra Grass. 

16. Althaea or Rose of Sharon. 
17.. Jacqueminot Rose. 

18. Japan Aucuba. 

19. Purple Magnolia. 

20. Japan Quince. 

21. Rhododendron. (Ever- 

estianum.) 

22. Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

23. Kcelreuteria or Varnish 

Tree. 



Thuya Occidcntalis. 
Wistaria Chinensis. 
Azalea nudiflora. 



Azalea Pontica. 
Cercis Japonica. 
Jasminum mtdiflorum. 



Andromeda mariana. 

Quercus rubra. 

Fagus ferruginea. 

Prunus serotina. 

Eulalia Japonica, var. gracil- 

lima univittata. 
ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) pis if era, var. plumosa. 
Rosa Boursalti. 
Eulalia Japonica, var. ze- 

brina. 
Hibiscus Syriacus. 
Rosa hybrida, var. Gen. 

Jacqueminot. 
Aucuba Japonica. 
Magnolia purpurea. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Rhododendron, var. Everestian- 

um. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Kcelreuteria paniculata. 



1 66 



24. 

25- 
26. 

27. 

28. 
29. 
30- 

31- 

32. 
33- 
34. 
35- 
36. 

37- 

38- 
39- 
40. 

41. 

42. 

43- 

44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 

48. 

49. 

50- 
51- 
52. 



Common Name 

Paulownia. 
Thunberg's Barberry, 
Russell's Cottage Rose. 

Swamp Magnolia. Sweet 
Bay. 

Stuartia. 

White Pine. 

Mount Atlas or African 
Cedar, Silver Cedar. 

Indian Bean Tree or 
Southern Catalpa. 

Umbrella Tree. 

Cucumber Tree. 

Great-leaved Magnolia. 

European or Tree Alder. 

Cottonwood or Carolina 
Poplar. 

Weigela (Light pink 
flowers) . 

Rhodotypos. 

Sassafras. 

Pin Oak. 

Scarlet Oak. 

Black Cherry. 

Swamp White Oak. 

Buttonbush. 

Weeping Willow. 

Spicebush. 

Alternate-leaved Dog- 
wood. 

English Hawthorn (Pink 
single flowers). 

Japan Arbor Vitas (Pea- 
fruiting). 

Irish Yew. 

Adam's Needle. 

Cut-leaved European 
Beech. 



Botanical Name 

Paulownia imperialis. 

Berberis Thunbergii. 

Rosa hybrida, var. Russell's 

Cottage. 
Magnolia glauca. 

Stuartia pentagyna. 
Pinus strobus. 
Cedrus Atlantica. 

Catalpa bignonioides. 

Magnolia tmibrella. 
Magnolia acuminata. 
Magnolia macrophylla. 
Alnus glutinosa. 
Populus monilifera. 

Diervilla rosea. 

Rhodotypos kerrioides. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Quercus palustris. 
Quercus coccinea. 
Prunus serotina. 
Quercus bicolor. 
Cephalanthus Occidentalis. 
Salix Babylonica. 
Benzoin benzoin. 
Cornus alternifolia. 

Cratcegus oxyacantha. 

Chamcecyparis {or Retinospora) 

pisifera. 
Taxas baccata, var. fastigiata. 
Yucca filamentosa. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata. 



1 67 





Common Name 


Botanical Name 


53- 


Bhotan Pine. 


Pinus excelsa. 


54- 


Swiss Stone Pine. 


Pinus Cembra. 


55- 


Tree Box or Boxwood. 


Buxiis sempervirens. 


56. 


Cephalotaxus. 


Cephalataxus Fortunei. 


57- 


Scarlet Oak. 


Quercus coccinea. 


58. 


Scaled Juniper. 


Juniper us squamata. 


59- 


Holly-leaved Barberry, 
Oregon Barberry, Ash- 
berry. 


Makonia aquifolia. 


60. 


Garden Hydrangea. 


Hydrangea hortensis. 


61. 


Cockspur Thorn. 


CratcBgus crus-galli. 


62. 


Variegated Weigela. 


Diervilla rosea, var. foliis vari- 
egatis. 


63- 


Thunberg's Barberry. 


Berberis Thunbergii. 


64. 


Siebold's Barberry. 


Berber is Sieboldi. 


65- 


Ramanas Rose (White 
and magenta flowers). 


Rosa rugosa. 


66. 


Persian Lilac. 

(Purple flowers). 


Syringa Persica. 


67. 


Common Snowball or 
Guelder Rose. 


Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis. 


68. 


High Bush Cranberry. 


Viburnum opulis. 


69. 


Carolina Allspice, Straw- 
berry Shrub, Sweet- 
Scented Shrub. 


Calycanthus floridus. 


70. 


Plume-leaved Japan Ar- 


Chamcecyparis (or Retina- 




bor Vitas. 


spora) pisifera, var. plu- 
mosa. 


71- 


Soulange's Magnolia. 


Magnolia Soulangeana. 


72. 


Rhododendrons. (Various 
kinds. See text.) 




73- 


English Yew. 


Taxus baccata. 


74. 


European Holly. 


Ilex aquifolium. 


75- 


Lovely Azalea. 


Azalea amoena. 


76. 


Flaming Azalea. 


Azalea calendulacea (or lutea) 


77- 


Japan Holly. 


Ilex crenata. 


78. 


Great Laurel, Rose Bay. 


Rhododendron maximum. 


79- 


Virginia Willow. 


I tea Virginia a. 



i68 



Common Name Botanical Name 

80. Austrian Pine. Pinus Austriaca. 

81. Sugar Maple. Acer saccharinum. 

82. Beach Plum. Prunus maritima. 



VI. 

THE TERRACE 

The Terrace is stately. It is a fitting and impos- 
ing introduction to the Mall. Its whole expression is 
noble, dignified, large, with its broad stairways, its 
open esplanade and its sweeps of greensward. Stand 
here and look northward. The beautiful Bethesda 
Fountain ripples a continuous sheen of falling silver, 
playing with rainbows and blown at times into sprays 
of flying diamonds by sudden gusts of wind. On either 
side the velvet lawns lead the eyes away in a revel of 
sunlit green, holding them here and there by the blaze 
of color from some mass of bloom. From April to 
the end of June this spot is a glory of richly mingled 
hues, the flame of the azalea, the splendid outburst of 
the rhododendron, the lovely hues of the rose, the en- 
chanting festoons of the Wistaria, the tender and gentle 
profusion of the hawthorn's sweet flowers follow each 
other in charming succession. It is a silent symphony 
of color, and the eye roves over it with a joy as keen 
as the ear delights in the swelling music of the 
orchestra. 

And beyond the glittering Fountain, across the danc- 
ing waters of the Lake, you look into the restful 
depths of the Ramble. The contrast between the 
ornate and the simple is extreme, yet by no means 
jarring. The gaze is led away and lost almost un- 



170 

consciously, from the suggestion of embrasure and em- 
bankment, garden and terrace to open country and the 
heart of nature. Beyond, the pufify trees roll the smoke 
of the woods, and, as you gaze, you lose the pomp and 
stateliness of all this surrounding architecture of wall 
and staircase, and melt away into the serene reverie 
that steals over the soul in the contemplation of the 
face of Nature. And if this was the aim of the archi- 
tect who planned this noble Terrace, how truly did he 
succeed ! 

And now let us see some of the beautiful things 
gathered here with so much taste and judgment. We 
will begin our ramble at the easterly corner of the 
Terrace and follow the Walk that enfolds the easterly 
side of the Terrace, like an arm. The wall here has 
five large ''posts," which will serve well for landmarks 
in placing the things we pass. Close by the first post 
(the one in the corner) is American arbor vitae, with 
flat leaf sprays, very aromatic when rubbed with the 
fingers. By the second post is a sprawling mass of 
Chinese Wistaria, and off a little to the northeast of 
this is the beautiful Pinxter (or Pinkster) flower which 
blooms before its leaves appear, whence the name nudi- 
floro. This is in April, usually, and the flowers are 
of a lovely rose color, in terminal umbels. The flower 
stems and the funnel-form corollas are very hairy. The 
leaves are alternate and crowded at the ends of the 
branches ; are oblong in shape and acute at both ends. 
Their margins are very beautiful, under the glass, 
fringed with the most delicate tiny little hairs. Just 
back of this Pinxter flower, to the southeast, is Cau- 



171 

casian azalea, with fragrant yellow flowers. Close by 
the third post of the wall, is Japan Judas tree, Cercis 
Japonica, a low growth, with flowers a little larger 
than those of the native Judas tree. These flowers are 
purplish-red, and break out along the bare branches 
in dense umbel-like clusters, before the leaves appear. 
They are like pea-flowers, for the bush belongs to the 
great pulse family. The leaves differ from C. Cana- 
densis (the native Judas tree) in having a richer gloss, 
sharper points and a more deeply cut, heart-shaped 
base. Close beside the C. Japonica, almost at the foot 
of the third post, is early-flowering Jessamine, with 
noticeably angled branches of clear green. It has very 
pretty leaves, easily distinguished by their being in 
threes. Its flowers are like those of the Forsythia, 
golden yellow, very early in spring. Almost due north 
of the Pinxter flower, a little east of north, is Jacque- 
minot rose, and north of this. Rose of Sharon. Off to 
the westerly side of the Rose of Sharon is Japan plume 
grass, and directly in line with these, to the west, in 
one, two, three order, are Japan zebra grass, with 
zebra-like bands of white and green across the leaves, 
then Rosa Boiirsaiti (a thornless rose), and Retinospora 
plumosa, rising up close by the staircase that flanks 
the easterly side of the Terrace. By the fourth post 
of the wall is another sprawling mass of Chinese Wis- 
taria, then Retinospora phimosa, and close by the fifth 
and last post of the wall which is at the steps, you will 
find Japan Aucuba, with spotted leaves, and the beauti- 
ful Magnolia purpurea beside it. This magnolia is a 



172 

low bush, a dwarf, and bears deep dark crimson-purple 
flowers in April. 

Going down the steps here, at your right, is a fine 
mass of the Japan hedgebindweed. About half way 
around the curve of the path here as it swings westerly 
toward the Esplanade and Bethesda Fountain, you will 
find, on your left, a pretty cluster of the Russell's Cot- 
tage Rose. It blooms with beautiful clear magenta 
flowers. Just before you came to this, you passed a 
good-sized swamp magnolia, with leaves very whitish 
(glauca) on the undersides. Following on, you will 
find out upon the rise of lawn, at your right, two 
shrubs quite close together. One of these, the easterly, 
you have met many times before, on these rambles; 
the westerly one you meet here for the first time. The 
easterly is fly-honeysuckle, known by the cusp at the 
tips of its leaves, and ragged, tattered branches. The 
westerly shrub is Stuartia. It gets its name from John 
Stuart, Earl of Bute, and is worthy of some attention, 
as you will not find many of these in the Park. It 
belongs to the Camellia or Tea family {Ternstroemia' 
ceco). Its leaves are oval, thick, pointed at the tip and 
base, and set alternately on the branches. In July 
its cream-white flowers, very much like the Camellia, 
break out on solitary short pedicils (stems), nearly 
sessile (stemless), from the axils of the leaves. These 
flowers are fairly large, two, three to four inches wide, 
and each has, generally, five petals very prettily crimped 
about the edges. These flowers are succeeded by five- 
angled pods which are ripe in autumn. 

As the Walk comes out upon the Esplanade, at your 



173 

right, is a splendid mass of the handsome Rhodotypos 
with its glossy, deep purple berries in September, and 
on your left, is Thunberg's barberry, with its rich 
brilliant crimson berries, gemming its dainty stems at 
the same time of year. Take now the walk that breaks 
of¥ to the east from the Esplanade, to the Boat House. 
Just beyond the Rhodotypos you will find beach plum. 
This, in April or May covers its bare branches with 
white clusters of flowers in side umbels. After it 
flowers, the leaves appear, downy, pale green on the 
undersides, but shining on the uppersides. They are 
set alternately, are ovate, about three inches long, and 
sharply serrate. The fruit is a round purple berry 
powdered over with a bloom, and is ripe in September. 
As you proceed toward the Boat House you pass, on 
your right, near the Walk, cucumber tree of the mag- 
nolia family, with thin leaves from five to ten inches 
long which are generally pointed at both ends. Off to 
the southeast of this tree, well out upon the lawn, is a 
good-sized evergreen with noticeably vase-like form of 
growth to its branches. For some reason it is not 
doing over well, but it is a fair specimen of the Mount 
Atlas Cedar. Its leaves are crowded together in rosette- 
like clusters along the branches, and the leaves them- 
selves are about an inch long, round, stiflish and sharp 
pointed. They are of a glaucous-green hue which 
gives a beautiful silvery effect to the otherwise dark- 
green foHage. Indeed this tree is considered by bot- 
anists but a silvery variety of the Cedar of Lebanon, 
a good specimen of which will be found on Section 
No. lo of this book. A little beyond, but on your left 



174 

now, you pass two very good specimens of the great- 
leaved magnolia. You can tell them at once by their 
very large (often three feet long) leaves, crowded close 
at the ends of the branches. In shape they are ob- 
long, and narrow gradually down from a broad upper 
part to a cordate base. They are of a bright clear 
green, but whitish on the undersides. The flowers of 
these trees are large also — about a foot wide, cream- 
white except for a purplish cast at the base. They 
are very fragrant. A little to the northeast of these 
is another magnolia. This is umbrella tree, which you 
met with before, on Section No. 3 near the Arsenal. 
Note the umbrella-way its leaves hang at the ends of 
its branches. Due north of this tree, close by the 
Lake, is Virginia willow. It is an interesting shrub, 
with white flowers in May or June, in close terminal 
racemes that put you in mind of the sweet pepper 
bush. The individual flowers have five petals, five 
stamens, and a five-lobed calyx. Its leaves are simple 
and alternate, acute at the tip, wedge-shaped at the 
base. The fruit is a two-celled pod. It belongs to 
the Saxifrage family, and gets its name from the Greek 
word for willow, from the resemblance of its leaves to 
those of the willow. A tree alder stands a little west 
of this, overhanging the Lake and easily known by its 
''cones" and leaves somewhat cut-in at the top. West 
of the alder is cottonwood. Should you continue to- 
ward the Boat House, at the junction of the Walk 
beyond, there are two good specimens of American 
beech with a black cherry opposite them. 

Let us now consider the westerlv side of the Ter- 




Great-leaved Magnolia {Magnolia macrophylla) 
Map 6. No. 34. 



175 

race, beginning at the Esplanade, northwesterly corner, 
by the Walk that leads to Bow Bridge. Two lovely 
little English hawthorns with dainty pink single flowers 
burst out into bloom here, in May days, and near 
them you will find alternate-leaved dogwood. Some 
cockspur-thorns lean out to you in the point between 
the Walks here. You know them by their thorns and 
wedge-shaped leaves. Back of the southerly cockspur, 
hidden away in the masses of shrubbery here, is a 
lusty specimen of Elceagnus loiigipes. It has reddish- 
brown branches, ovate leaves. Its flowers are yel- 
lowish-white from the axils of the leaves, and the 
fruits are bright scarlet berries on long stems. The 
berries, when young, are covered with brown scales, 
and are ripe in June or July. The shrub is an im- 
portation from China and Japan. You will not see 
this unless you push aside the bushes here and look 
in behind them, for it is pretty well hidden behind 
the Thunberg's barberry. You will know it by its 
leaves, which are very silvery on the undersides. The 
barberry here is a splendid mass, and a handsome 
display in September when its bright coral berries 
sparkle all through its fine leaves with the gem- 
like beauty of jewels. At the extreme end of the 
mass of the Thunberg is Siebold's barberry from 
Manchuria and the north of China, with more droop- 
ing racemes of flowers and oblong berries. Con- 
tinuing along the Walk, diagonally across on your 
left, are three shrubs, close together. The first is 
Persian lilac, with purple flowers ; the second, high 
bush cranberry with flat broat cymes of white flowers 



176 

in May, and brilliant, translucent red berries in Sep- 
tember; the third, common snowball or Guelder Rose. 
Close by the steps, beyond, is garden hydrangea, 
with large glossy oval leaves of light green, and large 
heads of flowers in June. The hydrangea gets its 
name from two Greek words meaning water, vase, and 
these refer to the shape of its fruit-pod. Beside the 
hydrangea 3^ou will see two clumps of the pretty 
holly-leaved barberry. You recognize it at once by 
its spiny leaves. It gets its botanical name from 
Bernard McMahon. In early spring its flowers ap- 
pear in close, erect clusters of yellow racemes, and 
these are succeeded by blue-black berries which are 
covered with a glaucous bloom (powder). Surely, 
the holly-like leaves are very beautiful. Let us as- 
cend the little run of steps here and follow the wall 
around the westerly arm of the Terrace. This wall, 
like its easterly companion, has five "posts" which 
will serve us very nicely in locating our botanical pets 
here. By the first post is Refinospora plumosa, whose 
fine feathery leaves you have learned to know, on sight, 
now, and south of it, about midway between the first 
and second post, is Magnolia Soulangeana, with hand- 
some cream-white flowers, softly flushed with pinkish 
purple on the outside, deepening at the base of the 
corolla. By the second post is English yew. Then 
a mass of hybrid rhododendrons flank off to south- 
east of this. These rhododendrons are mostly of the 
rosy-lilac variety, Everestianmn. But the whole bed 
here, all along the front of the wall, (and on the east 
side of the Terrace as well) is planted with 



177 

many varieties of hybrid rhododendrons. Among 
them are Blandyanum (rosy-crimson flowers), John 
Waterer (dark crimson), Album Elegans (blush chang- 
ing to white). Album Grandiflorum (blush), Caracta- 
cus (rich purphsh crimson), Minnie (blush white with 
spots of chocolate in the throat), H. H. Hunnewell 
(rich dark crimson), Charles Bagley (cherry red), 
Charles Dickens (dark scarlet), Mrs. Milner (rich 
crimson) and H. W. Sargent (crimson). 

By the third post you will see a tall, handsome mass 
of European holly, with its dark green, glossy leaves 
fairly blazing with white light in the fall sunshine, stiff 
and set so bravely with spines. We all love it ! How 
beautifully crimped and curled are its leaves! Note, 
too, the whitish translucent margins of the leaves. Be- 
side the gloss, the luster and fire of these leaves, the 
leaves of our native holly are dull and dead. There is 
another mass of this close by the fourth post. Near 
this mass are handsome plantings of the Azalea ammia, 
beautiful in April, with its lovely magenta-colored flow- 
ers. Beside these is Azalea calendulacea, with burning, 
fire-red, yellowish flowers, well named, the flaming 
azalea. In between the fourth and the fifth posts you 
will find English yew (close by the fourth post), and 
a little off to northeast of it Japan holly. This has very 
small, oval leaves, and at first glance you might think 
it box. But look at its small leaves closely and you will 
see the small tell-tale spines of the holly. Beside this, 
off to its northeast, is Rhododendron ma.vimiim, and 
then two more clumps of Japan holly. North of these 
is a pretty mass of the holly-leaved barberry, with its 



178 

pinnate, spiny leaves. Directly east of the holly-leaved 
barberry, close by the steps, is a young Paulownia. This 
brings us to the completion of our circuit around the 
Terrace. Bue before leaving, let me call to your atten- 
tion the handsome Swiss stone pine, on the high ground 
that overlooks the west arm of the Terrace. It is a 
conical tree, with dense, close foliage, that has an almost 
furry look. Should you get near enough to it to ex- 
amine its leaves, you will find that they are five in a 
cluster, and that each leaf is distinctly triangular, with 
a glaucous bloom on the sides. Back of this fine tree, 
about half way between it and the lamp by the Walk 
that leads over to the Concourse by the Lake, are two 
sturdy Bhotan pines (leaves in fives, but very long, ten 
inches or more). North of these, just where the high 
ground begins to sink in a hollow, are two specimens of 
Retinospora pisifera, with flat, gridiron leaf-sprays. 

Where the Walk to the Concourse springs away 
from the West Terrace Walk, near the steps, you will 
find another Swiss stone pine. Opposite it is a goodly 
scarlet oak, with bristle-tipped leaves. Close by the 
Swiss stone pine, in a low creeping mass, like thick 
moss, stealing here and there over the rocks, in lovely 
abandon, is the beautiful scaled juniper, of a light 
clear green. Its leaves are in threes, fine and silvery, 
and hug close in to the stems, in a thick, dense mass 
which gives the matted effect of moss. It is certainly 
beautiful — a lovely tapestry for rocks. By the lamp, 
on this Walk, you will find a broad-boughed, handsome 
cut-leaved European beech. 



Explanations, Map No. 7 



T. 

2. 

3- 

4- 

5- 
6. 

7- 
8. 

9- 

lO. 

II. 

12. 

13- 
14. 

15- 
16. 

17- 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 

23- 
24. 

25- 
26. 
27. 

28. 



29- 



Common Name. 

Pignut Hickory. 
Mockernut or Whiteheart 

Hickory. 
Shagbark Hickory. 
Dwarf or Large-racemed 

Horsechestnut. 
Black Cherry. 
American Beech. 
Sweet Gum or Bilsted. 
Pin Oak. 
B ho tan Pine. 
Douglas Spruce. 
Scotch Pine. 
Colorado Blue Spruce. 
White Pine. 
White Oak. 
Scarlet Oak. 
Black Oak. 

Soulange's Magnolia. 

Witch Hazel. 

Sassafras. 

French Tamarisk. 

Witch Hazel. 

Pin Oak. 

Post Oak. 

Japan Cedar. 

Ailanthus or Tree of 

Heaven. 
Bird Cherry, 

Cherry. 
Chinese White 

or Yulan. 
Catesby's Andromeda 

mixed in with "Lovely 

Azalea." 
Rhododendrons, mostly 

" Everestianum. " 



Botanical Name. 

Carya porcina. 
Carya tomentosa. 

Carya alba. 

ALsculus macrostachya. 

Prunus serotina. 

Fagus ferruginea. 

Liquidamhar styracifltia. 

Quercus pahtstris. 

Pinus excelsa. 

Pseudotsuga Douglasii. 

Pinus sylvestris. 

Picea pungens. 

Pinus strobus. 

Quercus alba. 

Quercus coccinea. 

Quercus coccinea, var. tinc- 

toria. 
Magnolia Soulongeana. 
Hamamelis Virginiana. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Tamarix Gallic a. 
Hamamelis Virginiana. 
Quercus palustris. 
Quercus stellata. 
Cryptomeria Japonica. 
Ailanthus glandulosus. 



Mazzard Prunus avium. 
Magnolia Magnolia conspicua. 



Andromeda Catesb<si and Aza- 
lea amcena. 



i84 



30. 

32. 

33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 

37- 
38. 



39- 



40. 
41. 



42. 
43- 
44. 
45. 



46. 

47- 

48. 
49. 
50- 
51- 
52. 

53- 

54- 
55- 
56. 

57- 



58. 



Common Name 

Pin Oak. 
Weeping Willow. 
English Hawthorn. 
English Yew. 
Cockspur Thorn. 
European Bird Cherry. 
American Chestnut. 

Flowering Dogwood. 
Plume-leaved Japan Ar- 
bor Vitae or Retinospora. 

Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 
White Thorn. 

American Holly. 

Common Swamp Blue- 
berry, High-bush Blue- 
berry. 

Shrub Yellowroot. 

Fortune's Cephalotaxus. 

Arrowwood. 

White Swamp Honey- 
suckle, White Azalea, 
Clammy Azalea. 

Rhododendrons, mostly 
" E verestianum. " " 

Wild Red Osier 
Osier Dogwood. 

Persimmon. 

Red Maple. 

Staghorn Sumac. 

Mountain Laurel. 

Shadbush, June Berry or 
Service Berry. 

Sweet Bay or Swamp 
Magnolia. 

Japan Spindle Tree. 

Spicebush. 

Hackberry, Sugarberry, 
Nettle Tree. 

Sassafras, with Climbing 
Hydrangea growing on 
it. 

Indian Bean Tree 
Southern Catalpa. 



Botanical Name 

Quercus palustris. 

Salix Babylonica. 

CratcEgus oxyacantha. 

Taxus baccata. 

CratcBgus crus-galli. 

Prunus padus. 

Castanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 

Corniis florida. 

ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plum- 
osa. 

Crataegus coccinea. 

Ilex opaca. 

Vaccinium corymhosum. 



Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
Cephalotaxus Fortunii. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Azalea viscosa. 



Red Cornus stolonifera. 

Diospyros Virginiana. 

Acer rubrum. 
Rhus typhina. 
Kalmia latifolia. 
Amelanchies Canadensis. 



Magnolia glauca. 

Euonymus Japonicus. 
Benzoin benzoin. 
Celtis Occidentalis. 

Sassafras officinale, with Schiz- 
ophragma hydrangeoides. 



or Catalpa bignonioides. 



i85 



Common Name 

59. Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

60. White Pine. 

61. Cucumber Tree. 

62. American White Ash. 

63. Sweetbrier. 

64. Hemlock. 

65. Mountain Maple. 

66. Tartarian Alaple, variety 

Ginnala. 

67. Corylopsis. 

68. Umbrella Tree. 



69. 

70. 

71- 
72. 

73- 
74. 
75- 
76. 

77- 

78. 

79- 
80. 



83- 
84. 

85- 
86. 

87. 



90. 

91. 
92. 

93- 
94. 

95- 
96. 



Silverbell Tree. 

Persian Lilac. 

American Arbor Vitag. 

Snowberry or Waxberry. 

Paulownia. 

Paper or Canoe Birch. 

Yellow Birch. 

Weeping European Beech. 

Common Lilac (Purple 
flowers). 

Japan Pagoda Tree. 

Siberian Pea Tree. 

Great-leaved Magnolia. 

Sweet Bay or Swamp Mag- 
nolia. 

Western Yellow Pine. 

European Larch. 

European Linden. 

Bladder Senna. 

Silver or White Maple. 

Osage Orange. 

Flowering Dogwood. 

Lovely Azalea. 

Mockernut or Whiteheart 
Hickory. 

Black Cherry. 

Cherry Birch, Sweet, 
Birch, Black Birch. 

Tulip Tree. 

Fragrant Honeyuckle. 

Red Oak. 

Missouri Currant, Golden 
or Buffalo Currant. 



Botanical Name 

Gymnodadus C anadensis. 

Pinus strobus. 

Magnolia acuminata. 

Fraxinus Americana. 

Rosa rubiginosa. 

Tsuga Canadensis. 

Acer spicatum. 

Acer Tartaricum, var. Ginnala. 

Corylopsis spicata. 
Magnolia umbrella (or tripe- 

tala) . 
Halesia tetraptera. 
Syringa Persica. 
Thuya Occidentalis. 
Symphoricarpus racemosus. 
Paulownia imperialis. 
Betula papyrifcra. 
Betula lutea. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. pend^ila. 
Syringa vulgaris. 

Sophora Japonica. 
Caragana arborescens. 
Magnolia macrophylla. 
Magnolia glauca.. 

Pinus ponderosa. 
Larix Europcea. 
Tilia Europcea. 
Colutea arborescens. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Cornus florid a. 
Azalea amcena. 
Carya tomentosa. 

Prunus serotina. 
Betula lenta. 

Liriodendron tidipifera. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Quercus rubra. 
Ribes aureum. 



i86 



Common Name 

97. Purple-flowering Rasp- 

berry. 

98. Slippery Elm. 

99. Austrian Pine. 

100. Catesby's Andromeda. 



Globe Flower, Japan 
Rose or Kerria (varie- 
gated leaves). 

Mock Orange or Sweet 
Syringa. 

European White Birch. 

Washington Thorn. 

Bush Deutzia (Variety 
"Pride of Rochester"). 

Pink or Purple Azalea, 
Pinxter Flower, Wild 
Honeysuckle. 

Dockmackie or Maple- 
leaved Arrow wood. 

Swamp Hickory, Bitter- 
nut. 

Common Lilac. 

Pin Oak. 



103. 
104. 
105. 

106. 



107. 
108. 



109. 
no. 



Botanical Name 

Rubus odoratus. 

Ulmus fulva. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Andromeda (or Leucothoe) 

CatesbcBi. 
Kerria Japonic a, var. foliis 
variegatis. 

Philadelphus coronarius. 

Betida alba. 

CratcEgus cordata. 

Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of 

Rochester. 
Azalea nudiflora. 



Viburnum acerifolium. 
Carya amara. 



Syringa vulgaris. 
Quercus palustris. 



VII. 

THE RAMBLE 

The Ramble! How altogether lovable it is! There 
is always some spot in every park that is invested with 
a peculiar charm. Some subtilty of seclusion and beauty 
which draws the nature lover to its haunts. Its very 
air is full of contentment and peace and rest from the 
whirlpool of life that is seething in the great city be- 
yond. Such a spot surely is the Ramble. Its quiet 
nooks, its easy paths wandering, seemingly without 
thought, beside the still waters of the Lake or some 
sleeping pool over which the grasses and reeds bend 
to see their images ; these beguile the very spirit from 
you and set free the swift, aspiring thoughts in new 
flights like the rush of birds skyward. 

Come here in the spring, when the smell of earth 
mold rises with a fragrance that cannot be described; 
when the dazzling April sun sends a glisten of silver 
over the fallen leaves or touches crisp, dry branches of 
the leafless trees with a flame of crystal fire; or when 
the drowsy summer stirs with gentle breezes that sift in 
from the Lake, softly touching all the leaves to whis- 
pering music ; when birds shoot through the green like 
bolts of light, when the cicada startles the serene silence 
with his rattle. But, I think, this spot is loveliest, 
perhaps, on one of the soft, hazy, Indian-summer days 



i88 

of the autumn, when the trees are rusthng their rich- 
est robes of crimson and gold, when the air, ahnost 
silent, trembles with the subdued hum of insects and 
the mellow haze of faint, gray purple mists wreathe 
the trees and lake with the witchery of their mystery. 
Come here then and let the loveliness of the place move 
through you as the mists move through the trees, still- 
ing you with the serene communion with dreaming 
Nature that is indeed beyond the power of words to 
tell. The soft, golden sunshine falls upon you with a 
gentle warmth, as if caressing you, the trees rustle, 
the crimson and yellow leaves float gently down about 
you like the quiet thoughts of an idle reverie. All is 
hushed, subdued, mellowed. No harsh note comes to 
you. The very voices of the passers-by are softened, 
as if the scene possessed some subtle power of enchant- 
ment to enforce silence. If you have aught of artist 
or poet in you, and every one has or should have, come 
to this lovely spot when autumn is hanging about it its 
dream veils and do thou sit here and dream too. Let 
the city with its cares float away in its enfolding mists 
while you sit here amid the falling leaves, the warm, 
golden sunshine and the subdued colors of an autumn 
day and live! 

In 'this maze of winding paths, crossing and recross- 
ing as they do, it is quite impossible to follow out 
clearly any single line of rambling. Confusion would 
most certainly result from any such attempt. So I have 
pursued in the treatment of this chapter the plan of plot- 
ting, at easily distinguishable points on the map, such as 
crossings, intersections and other determinable points. 




^ z 

^ 



a, 

s 



.fc 



^S-'>'-^ '"*•*■ _^ 




i89 

the various important kinds of trees and shrubs in this 
section. Of these, such as have been met with before in 
other rambles are not here described, only the new 
varieties, and these are : 

Acer Spicatmn. {Mountain Maple. No. 65.) Near 
the handsome shrub, Corylopsis, in the northeasterly 
part of the Ramble, a little off from the Walk, and in 
behind some other shrubs, you will find this rather 
small sample of the maple which flings its glory over 
country roads. You will have no difficulty in finding 
it if you take the path which runs almost northerly from 
the junction near the Corylopsis. It lies a few feet to 
the right of the Walk, as you face north, about half a 
dozen paces from the junction, and nestles very shyly 
in behind the clumps here, as if longing for the retired 
haunts of wood or glen or shaded roadside. 

The mountain maple is easily identified by its leaves. 
These are divided into three tapering lobes above the 
middle of the leaf, the central lobe usually extending 
out further than the side lobes. Sometimes the leaves 
are five-lobed, having two small ones at the base. The 
bases are heart-shaped (cordate) and the leaves, coarse- 
ly serrated, are downy on the undersides. These soft, 
beautiful leaves swing out on very long stems (petioles) 
which are swollen at the base. In June you can look for 
this tree's flowers, greenish-yellow, in delicate spikes or 
panicles, five or six inches long, which stand up conspic- 
uously amid the beautiful flowers. These erect or 
slightly nodding panicles look almost fuzzy at a little 
distance away, but when you get the hand glass on them 
you can see that they are made up of clusters of the 



190 

most delicate little flowers with five-petalled corollas. 
These flowers change into hanging clusters of two- 
winged seeds which are bright red a month later. But 
this lovely brilliant red cools off in autumn to a dull 
brown. These winged seeds or "keys" of the Acer 
spicatiim are the smallest fruits of the American maples. 
The tree gets its name spicatiim from its inflorescence, 
erect panicles or spikes of bloom. 

Acer Tartaricum, var. Ginnala. (Tartarian Maple, 
variety Ginnala. No. 66.) Near the Corylopsis, about 
southeast of it, some dozen feet, you will find this pretty 
maple, the Ginnala variety of the Tartarian maple. It 
is not very high, about five feet, and is rather a shrub 
now. You can pick it out by its three-lobed leaves, the 
middle one longer. Their margins are doubly serrated. 
Its flowers are fragrant and yellow and appear in rather 
long-stemmed panicles which are very beautiful. This 
handsome little maple is an importation from China and 
Japan. In the autumn its leaves turn a brilliant scarlet. 

.ffisculus macrostachya. {Dwarf or Long-racemed 
Horsechestnut. No. 4.) If you take the path which 
leads off northerly from Bow Bridge, you will find, on 
your right, near the first fork of the Walk, a handsome 
cluster of these dwarf horsechestnuts. They can be 
known easily by their low growths, level, shelf-like 
habit of foliage, and by their palmate leaves. These 
shrubs get the botanical name macrostachya from two 
Greek words, macros, long, and stachiis, spike ; in refer- 
ence to their flowers, which shoot up in long, conspic- 
ious spikes of white bloom. These fairly cover the 
shrubs with their tapering cones of florescence in July. 



191 

But you can know the shrub when not in flower by its 
easily distinguishable dwarf form and its handsome, 
beautifully smooth palmately compound leaves, made 
up of five to seven leaflets. These leaflets are oval- 
oblong in shape, very smooth on the uppersides, but 
hairy on the underside. They are set close to the leal 
stem, that is, botanically, are nearly sessile. This dwarf 
horsechestnut is certainly a beautiful shrub for massing 
effects, and its midsummer bloom, fairly bursting with 
its horns of snow, makes it a lovely pathside joy to the 
city park rambler, jaded from the dust and glare of city 
streets. 

Andromeda (or Leucothoc) Catesbaei. (Cafesby's 
Andromeda. No. 28.) In the early days of spring, the 
frost white, tiny, little urn-shaped flowers of the An- 
dromeda are among the loveliest sights of the season. 
Down by the Terrace we found the staggerbush (An- 
dromeda Mariana), here in the Ramble we have fine 
masses of Catesby's Andromeda, differing from the 
Mariana in having more pointed leaves. Catesby's An- 
dromeda is a low-growing, spreading evergreen shrub 
.with thick, leathery leaves, taper pointed, and swinging 
on short stems. The leaves have almost the dark gloss 
of laurel on the uppersides, but on the undersides are of 
a pale, dull, lifeless green, in strong contrast with the 
lustrous and vigorous hue of the uppersides. The leaves 
are ovate-lanceolate in shape, roundish at the base, but 
tapering down to a point at the tips. They are sharply 
serrulate, and are on leaf-stems (petioles) of about half 
an inch long. When young these leaf-stems have quite a 
reddish cast over their green. The flowers of the shrub 



192 

are very beautiful, breaking out in April in dense, ra- 
cemed clusters from the axils of the leaves. The indi- 
vidual flowers are urn-shaped, frost or wax white, with 
a five-toothed corolla and ten tiny little stamens with 
golden heads. There is a daintiness, a fineness, about 
the little flowers which goes right to the heart. The 
little dense clusters make you think of lilies of the 
valley. 

You will find one good sized mass of this shrub very 
near the lamp-post which stands close by the rustic rail 
of the path leading into the little Summer House, in the 
middle of the southerly part of the Ramble. The mass 
is just back of a magnificent clump of Azalea amoena. 
The Azalea is in the right hand corner, as you go from 
the Summer House to the path north of it. You 
cannot mistake it. 

Azalea viscosa. {White Swamp Honeysuckle. White 
Azalea. Clammy Azalea. No. 45.) Close by the high- 
bush blueberries, near the south-middle of the Ramble, 
you will find this honeysuckle or azalea. It is a late 
bloomer, and you can look for it the last of June or 
early in July. Its flowers are very fragrant and of a 
lovely pale pinkish white. Its corolla is funnel-form, 
with five flaring lobes. You will know its flowers at 
once by the sticky, clammy pubescence which covers 
stem and tube. These flowers are in end clusters or 
umbels. The branches of the shrub are very bristly 
and hairy. The leaves are simple, about four inches 
long, and set alternately on the branch, often crowded at 
the ends of the branches. They are oblanceolate, entire, 
with margins hairy and bristle tipped ends, pale green 



193 

on the uppersldes, glaucous below and pubescent. The 
fruit is a bristly capsule. The shrub belongs to the 
heath family. 

Betula lenta. {Cherry Birch. Szueet Birch. Black 
Birch. No. 92.) In the northwesterly part of the Ram- 
ble, on the westerly skirts of the open lawn that rolls its 
velvety green to the south of the Reservoir, you will 
find two of these handsome birches on either side of a 
lordly tulip tree. If you take the path that bends to the 
right (south) as you pass the Missouri currant and the 
Siberian pea tree, you will come upon this noble com- 
pany of three, just before you meet the next fork of the 
Walk. 

The sweet or cherry birch has a graceful trunk, lithe 
as a young Indian, polished glossy brown, but rough- 
ened by horizontal lines of dots that make you think of 
phonographic records. Could we swing a horn upon 
these and set them spinning, what harmonies of wind 
and weather should we hear ! What woodland secrets ! 
Music of brooks, whispers of rustling leaves, the song 
and dance of light, and the clear, white shine of the 
stars ! 

This birch gets its common name, "cherry birch," 
from the rather close resemblance of its bark to that of 
the garden cherry {Prnnus ccrasus), and the name 
"sweet birch" from its aromatic bark. This is the birch 
that gives us that delicious brew, so refreshing to our 
lips on summer days — the "birch beer" of the moun- 
tains ! 

You can easily identify the tree by its bark and leaves. 
Both are sweetly aromatic. The bark is mahogany 



194 

brown, lustrous, close-fitting, not peeling away in 
shreds like other birches. It is noticeably marked with 
horizontal lines of dots (lenticels). The leaves, usually 
about three inches long, are soft and tender, ovate or 
oblong-ovate, with heart-shaped bases and tapering 
points. On the lower portions of the branches they are 
two together, but near the ends occur alternately. They 
are straight-veined, finely serrate, of a bright, shining 
green on the uppersides, but paler beneath. Early in 
the spring this tree flowers, and if you come upon it 
then, all lace hung with its golden catkins, you will 
surely have to stop and let your delighted eyes rove 
over such exquisite beauty. These pendant golden 
catkins contain the staminate or pollen-bearing flowers. 
The fruit-bearing or pistillate catkins are erect and 
rather inconspicuous. The fruit is about an inch long, 
cylindrical, erect, with rounded ends and spreading, 
resinous scales. On old trees the bark has somewhat 
of a grayish cast and the lovely smoothness of the 
younger trees is broken into scaly plates, loose at one 
end, and scaling off in large sheets. I love to look 
upon the lustrous bark of the young cherry birch. 

Carya amara. (Swamp Hickory. Bitternut. No. 
1 08.) As you go southerly from the Cryptomerias, 
there is an extremely interesting tree that stands at the 
bend of the path where it turns to the east at the first 
fork, south of the Cryptomerias. The tree is a hickory 
and a very interesting one, for, so far as I know, it is 
the only one of its kind in the Park. That you may find 
it without fail, the path, as it bends easterly, passes over 
an arm of the pool. 



195 

The tree is a small one, with compound leaves which 
are set on the branches alternately. The leaflets are op- 
posite each other, with the exception of the end one, 
which is terminal. These leaves are made up of from 
seven to eleven ovate-lanceolate leaflets. All except the 
terminal leaflets are sessile (stemless) on the main leaf 
stem. The end leaflet has a short stem. These leaflets 
are deeply serrated, more so than the leaves of the other 
hickories. But if you are not sure from the leaves, 
look at the buds. They are an easy and a sure mark 
of identification. These are distinctly flattened and 
curved (falcate) at the tip, and especially they are of 
bright orange-yellow hue. This conspicuous hue of the 
buds is a distinguishing feature of the tree. Its fruit 
is globular, ovate, and has four ridges or wings which 
run down to about the middle of the husk. The kernel 
of the nut is exceedingly bitter — whence the name of 
the tree, bifternut. 

Corylopsis spicata. (No. 6y.) In the early days of 
spring, in ]\Iarch, if you are up in the northeastern part 
of the Ramble, this beautiful bush is well worth seeing. 
At this time of the year it is usually in bloom and you 
can easily know it from other bushes by its very profuse 
inflorescence. Away off through the maze of brown 
twigs you can catch the gleam of its pale yellow flowers 
which seem to fairly set the bush ablaze with their ten- 
der light. It is almost the first bush to break forth into 
bloom and set along its branches the age-old story of 
spring and its awakening glory. How lovely then is 
the sight of this torch-like shrub, kindled as with the 
flame of the burning bush that spoke to Moses — the 



196 

deathlessness of life, the eternal recurrence of its power, 
fresh from the hand of the living God. Looking upon 
these tender blossoms, it is almost impossible not to feel 
a new thrill of hope and a new sense of the deep-rooted 
feeling that welled in Browning when he wrote, "God's 
in His heaven, all's right with the world." 

You will have no trouble in picking out this bush. Its 
flowers droop in three or four-inch racemes, from 
greenish-yellow bracts. These flowers are of a pale 
lemon or canary yellow, and are five-petaled and five- 
stamened. Its leaves, hazel-like, have given the shrub 
its name Corylopsis (corylus and opsis). They are 
acutely heart-shaped, are on long stems, have serrated 
margins, and are strongly feather veined. On their 
undersides they are glaucous and pubescent. The fruit 
of the shrub is a dehiscent capsule, containing two 
glossy-black seeds. The bush is a native of Japan and 
certainly a welcome and charming importation for our 
parks. 

Cryptomeria Japonica. (Japan Cedar. No. 24.) In 
the midwesterly part of the Ramble there is a little path, 
a little loop in the Walk, that gives you a sweet retire- 
ment from the rush of city streets, and almost buries 
you amid the leafy boughs. The birds sing and flash 
by on sudden, bursting wings, and at your feet a little 
stream feels its way along from a slumbrous pool to 
leap in silver rills down a rock-choked chasm to the 
sun-lighted waters of the Lake below. This little 
dream-spot can be easily found if you take the path that 
leads off due east from the Schiller Bust, cross a bridge 
which spans the outlet of the rill, mentioned above, into 




Leaf-sprays of the Japan Cedar (Cryptoiiieria Japonica) 
Map 7. No. 24. 



197 

the Lake, then at the first fork of the path, turn to your 
left, nearly northeast, and follow the path up to a sharp 
elbow that crooks the Walk abruptly to the east again. 
Here at your right hand is the little dream-spot, and if 
you stand in it and face south you will look right into 
a cluster of Cryptomeria Japonica. They stand across 
the streamlet, up the bank. You will know them at once 
by their tall, spire-like forms, dark green foliage, with 
parts of it reddish brown, and trunks of the same hue. 
The trunks look like posts stripped of their bark. The 
specimens here are not doing very well, for some rea- 
son, but up by the Reservoir (on Section No. lo of this 
book) you will find some superb specimens flourishing 
in the best of health. 

The foliage of the Cryptomeria Japonica is very 
easily distinguished. Its leaves have a marked, claw- 
like look, are rather four-sided, curved, and taper grad- 
ually down, from a thick base to a sharp-pointed tip. 
They seem to be trying to clasp the branch. This gives 
each branch a rather hard, close look. If you examine 
the tree carefully, you may find its small, globular 
cones, not quite an inch in diameter, clinging at the ends 
of the branches. These cones have a deep-seated affec- 
tion for the branch and hang on very persistently. They 
are odd-looking things, certainly, and, if you examine 
them closely, you will see that their scales are set with 
slender, recurved prickles. 

In form the tree is lofty and spire-like, and its foli- 
age, in the full perfection of good health, is dark green 
and lustrous, full of a seeming enduring strength. As 



198 

you look at its stiff, claw-like leaves, you long to hear 
the music that a good gale would draw from them. 

Kalmia latifolia. (Mountain Lmirel. Calico Bush. 
No. 51.) All over the Ramble you will find this hardy 
little mountaineer flinging the white light from its pol- 
ished green leaves, with an almost crystalline brilliance. 
One particularly fine mass of it banks the northeasterly 
corner of the Walk which wanders from the northerly 
side of the slumbrous little pool in the heart of the 
Ramble. Just where this Walk comes out upon the 
Cross-walk at the south of the open stretch, bounding 
the upper part of the Ramble, you will find it, a dozen 
feet high, shaking its glossy, leathery, dark green leaves 
over your head and filling your eyes with a blaze of 
crystal light, if you catch their gloss across the sun. 
Apollo shoots silver arrows. The mountain laurel gets 
its generic name, Kalmia, from Peter Kalm, a Swedish 
naturalist. It is an evergreen densely foliaged shrub, 
with stiftly bent branches, which, if you meet in the 
shrub's native environment of deep, dark woods, bar 
your way with an almost steel-like tenacity. It grows 
in a roundish, compact form. Its rather elliptical leaves 
are set alternately on the branches, are smooth, glossy 
and leathery, dark green on the uppersides, but light 
yellow-green beneath. They are pointed at both ends. 
The glory of the shrub is in June. Come then and 
behold in silence the wondrous work of Nature in the 
saucer-shaped corollas, rose flushed with the hues of 
dawn, that this shrub unfolds to your delighted eyes. 
Look down into the lovely chalice and follow the wan- 
derings of that wavy line of rose and faint purple 



199 

which flushes around the cup Hke a rainbow over a 
sky of pearl. See the ten Httle stamens with their 
heads all tucked away in little pockets, curved back, 
like miniature catapults, waiting the touch of the golden 
bee to set them off, with a shower of pollen from their 
flying anthers. Touch them with but the tip of your 
pencil, and the trap is sprung. The golden pollen flies, 
and Nature's end is accomplished. The lovely flowers 
are succeeded by a woody pod or capsule. The capsule 
is five-celled and contains many oblong seeds. 

Magnolia acuminata. (Cucumber Tree. Mountain 
Magnolia. No. 6i.) Not far from the Corylopsis, in 
the northeasterly part of the Ramble, you will find sev- 
eral stalwart specimens of this magnolia. They stand 
rather close together, with well-developed trunks of 
dark, brownish gray, and a look, in the upperparts, of 
lightish gray, that reminds you of the abele tree or 
white poplar. The leaves are thin and entire (not ser- 
rated), are pointed at top and base, often the base is 
rounded. The margins are generally slightly waved. 
These leaves are of a bright, light green on the upper- 
sides, but paler beneath, and, in the autumn, turn to a 
lovely fawn yellow. They are from five to twelve 
inches long and about four inches broad. The tree gets 
its common name from its fruit, which (especially when 
young) resembles a small cucumber. It is ripe in Sep- 
tember or October, and if you are passing near at that 
time you can easily catch its rose-crimson glow con- 
spicuously showing amid the tree's foliage. This cu- 
cumber-like pod opens little slits and drops out from 
them its bright, coral-red seeds, on slender, silky 



200 

threads, curious sights, if you do not know the fruiting 
habits of the magnoHas. The flowers of this tree break 
out in May or June and are not very conspicuous. They 
are small, greenish-yellow, six petaled, and about 
three inches wide. You cannot fail to find them, close 
by the Corylopsis in the northeasterly part of the Ram- 
ble. Two are quite near the Corylopsis, and there are 
some more to the westward and a little southward as 
you follow the path that skirts the southerly border oi 
the open stretch of green here. 

Magnolia Soulangeana. {Soiilange's Magnolia. No. 
17.) You will have little trouble in picking out this 
beautiful hybrid magnolia, if you are passing it in time 
of bloom. This is usually in April. Afar off, through 
the leafless trees, you can see its soft, lovely tints of 
purplish pink and white. The bloom is profuse, and, 
in its perfection, is almost cloudlike in its fullness. 
These flowers, chalice-shaped, seem to sit upon the 
branches in a way that makes you think of vases. Their 
petals are about four or five inches long, six to nine in 
number, cream-white on the inside, but on the outside 
softly flushed with pink, deeping down at the base of 
the flower to a deep purple. Emblem of dawn, is this 
lovely blossom. Roseate herald of the flowers that are 
so soon to burn on bush and tree, how incomparably 
beautiful is thy hue in those bare April days while yet 
the tang of winter is in the air ! 

If you take the path that leads up northerly from the 
bust of Schiller, and follow it to its second fork, north, 
then turn to your right, walk easterly to the second fork 
of the path, you will find a very good specimen of this 



201 

magnolia directly south of the second fork of the path, 
with another of its kin just east of it, close by the path, 
just a few feet along. But these are on your right as 
you go easterly. They are small trees, about fifteen feet 
high, with very handsome, light-gray bark, lighter even 
than that of the American beech. Their leaves are 
about six inches long, obovate, that is, reverse egg- 
shape, and have a short, abrupt point. 

This magnolia is a hybrid between Magnolia con- 
spicua, the Chinese yulan, and Magnolia purpurea (or 
ohovata). Its leaves show very plainly the intermedi- 
ate type of the two parent trees, as do also the blended 
hues of its flowers. Surely it is a lovely tree and lights 
the spring paths with a beauty that is all its own. 

Picea pungens. {Colorado Blue Spruce. Silver 
Spruce. No. 12.) Near the little mushroom-shaped 
shelter on the southwesterly part of the Ramble, not far 
from Bow Bridge, you can see some very fair (though 
small) specimens of this beautiful conifer. As you 
stand beneath the shelter and face west, within a few 
feet of you, and directly in front of you, are two of 
these young evergreens. You can recognize the Colo- 
rado blue spruce on sight by its color alone, a pale, 
glaucous green with a decided bluish tinge. When in 
its perfection of color it is an almost unnatural shade of 
hue for an evergreen, being then of a pale, glaucus 
green, overcast with the loveliest and most delicate 
tinge of pale blue. Its loveliness of tint fairly takes 
your breath away, so delicate, so soft is its effect. But 
though this richness of color often burns off, from 
effects of soil and climate, to a cold, grayish blue-green, 



202 

yet even then it is distinctive enough to detect easily as 
an unmistakable mark of the tree's identity. Its leaves, 
like all those of the true spruces, are four-sided. They 
are also noticeably curved, tapering down to a sharply 
acute point. In character they are stout and stiff, which 
botanists call rigid, and are about an inch long. On the 
upperside they are light green, but on the underside are 
beautifully glaucous and silvery. It is this which gives 
the delicate, lightish cast to the tree's foliage. Its cones 
are from three to five inches long, cylindrical-oblong, of 
a lustrous light-brown. In form of growth the outline 
of the tree is rather conical or pyramidal, with strong, 
horizontal branches which sweep out from the trunk in 
broken whorls. If you take the path northerly from 
Bow Bridge and follow it to the east from its third fork, 
you will easily find the mushroom shelter. 

Pinus ponderosa. (Western Yellow Pine. No. 82.) 
You will find a healthy young specimen of this sturdy 
stock in the northwesterly part of the Ramble, not far 
from the slippery elm. Follow the path which passes 
the slippery elm. Just around the corner from the point 
where it breaks off from the Walk, running east and 
west, you will find this fine young pine. In order that 
you may surely find it, as you go from the fork upon 
the Walk leading by the slippery elm, you pass witch- 
hazel and sweet gum, on the right (as you go northerly 
toward the west Ramble Road stop), and on the left, in 
the corner of the fork, the fine clump of retinosporas, 
alluded to and described below. The sweet gum has 
star-shaped leaves and the witch-hazel's leaves are lop- 
sided. The retinosporas have finely-sprayed, plume- 



203 

like leaves. The pine in question stands just beyond the 
witch-hazel, back from the Walk, upon the left (east) 
bank, as you face north, looking toward the west Ram- 
ble road stop. You can identify this pine easily by its 
leaves, which are gathered together in bundles of three. 
The leaves themselves are long, nearly ten inches, when 
full grown, and are of a flexible texture, of a deep, dark 
green hue, rather lusterless and dead in finish. If you 
squeeze these three leaves together, you will see that 
they are so cut as to thus form one round leaf. Press 
the two leaves of an Austrian pine together and you get 
one round leaf. The cone of the ponderosa is about 
three or four inches long, with recurved (bent back) 
prickles on the cone-scales. This is a fine, healthy sap- 
ling here, and should grow nobly. You will find some 
splendid specimens of the ponderosa near McGowan's 
Pass Tavern, indicated on the map for Section No. 15 
of this book. 

Prunus avium. (Bird Cherry. Mazzard Cherry. No. 
26.) If you cross the Bridge leading into the westerly 
part of the Ramble, turn to the left, and at the next 
right hand branch of the path, go up some steps, turn 
to the right again, cross the Stone Arch, go southerly, 
and just after crossing the Stone Arch, bend to your 
right and follow the leafy path as it winds around to 
run beside the Lake's border, about midway between 
the point where it bent around from the Stone Arch to 
the next fork of the path, on the westerly side of the 
Walk, you will find two specimens of this cherry stand- 
ing quite close together. They are not very large trees, 
the taller of them is about twelve or fifteen feet high. 



204 

You can pick them out by their rather glossy, reddish- 
brown, typical cherry-tree bark and hairy (undersides) 
ovate-lanceolate leaves, ending in a point, often ab- 
ruptly. These leaves are thickish, very coarsely and 
doubly serrated. The tree's flowers occur about the 
time the leaves begin to appear, in close umbels, from 
side spurs along the branches. The fruit is a sweet 
(occasionally sour) drupe, yellow or red, rather heart- 
shaped, pointed. 

Pseudotsuga Douglasii. {Douglas Spruce. No. lo.) 
'>?As you approach the little mushroom-shaped shelter 
in the southwesterly part of the Ramble, just north 
of the lamp-post that stands by the right of the Walk, 
as you come towards the shelter, you will see a small- 
sized evergreen. It is now about five feet high. This 
is the Douglas Spruce. Its form o-f growth is pyr- 
amidal, with a horizontal spread of branches. The 
leaves are linear, either straight or curved, and quite 
flexible. They are of a dark or bluish-green color, 
whitish below, obtuse, and are more or less two-ranked 
along the branches. The cones are three or four 
inches long, drooping, and egg-shaped in form. These 
cones are bristly with exserted bracts. You will find 
another specimen of the tree on Section lo, close by 
the Reservoir's wall. 

Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria. {Black Oak. No. 
i6.) The branch of path leading off to the west of 
Schiller's bust will lead you by a specimen of this oak. 
You will find it on the left (west) of the Walk as 
you bend northerly, and you can identify it by its 
rough blackish bark. The rough trunk is broken with 



205 

heavy plates, especially on the lower parts. The leaves 
of this tree are confusing because they run often very 
close to those of the scarlet and the red oak. On the 
lower parts of the tree the leaves are broad, reverse, 
egg-shaped in outline, with seven to nine lobes, obtuse 
at the base. The lobes are bristle-tipped, and this 
fact shows that the tree is a biennial fruiter. The oaks 
without bristled leaves are annual fruiters. The black 
oak carries its leaves on long, somewhat slender stems, 
and these stems are usually downy. The acorn is 
roundish, flattened very noticeably at the point of the 
nut, and often marked very beautifully with lines of 
yellow and brown. The cup of the acorn is quite deep 
and settles over the nut in a way that, with its loose- 
end scales, makes you think of Robinson Crusoe's hat. 
Both the inner bark of the tree and the kernel of the 
acorn are strongly tinged with yellow or orange. This 
inner yellowish bark is the sure mark of the tree. It 
is bitter to the taste. From the characteristic inner 
bark the tree has its other common name, yellow- 
barked oak. 

Quercus stellata. (Post Oak. No. 23.) In the 
central part of the Ramble, near the slumbrous little 
pool which throws back the images of bending trees 
and overhanging bushes, close by the pathside, you 
will find a fairly good-sized representative of this species 
of oak. There are not many of these trees in the 
Park, indeed, this, I believe, is the only one I have 
found in the course of my rambles through the Park. 
May it thrive on where it has set its foot so firmly, 
and whisper still to us as we wind these lovely ways. 



206 

111 order that you may more readily find it, the Pool 
lies just north of the little round Summer House, 
which has, for a distinguishing mark on the map, an 
open loop of walk at its south. This gives it a kind 
of dumb-bell look which is easily noted. A little 
rustic bridge spans the westerly outlet of this Pool. 
If you stand on this bridge, face northerly, and follow 
the path, northerly, you will find the post oak about 
midway, on your right hand, between the first and 
second forks of the path as you proceed northerly. It 
is a medium-sized tree, and you can pick it out easily 
by its leaves which are cut very peculiarly. These 
are from four to six inches long, leathery, dark green 
on the uppersides, but on the undersides downy and 
whitish. These leaves are cut by two deep sinuses, 
about a third way up, on either side of the midrib. 
This throws the upper part, generally, into three broad, 
obtuse, divergent lobes. These divergent lobes are 
often double. But it is the broad upper part, with the 
two large bays or sinuses, which cut it from the lower 
part of the leaf, that strikes your eye as a marked 
characteristic. It gives the leaves, the upper portion, 
a rather star-like look, as you glance up at them against 
the sky, and it is this feature which has given the tree its 
specific botanical name stellafa. As a whole the leaf is 
generally from five to seven-lobed. Sometimes the leaf 
takes a short, broad egg-shaped outline, lacking the 
two deep sinuses, but the more common form of the 
leaf is that described above, with the sinuses. The 
tree's acorn is about half an inch long, egg-shaped, 
nearly sessile, and set in a broad, close-scaled, saucer- 



207 

shaped cup which comes down over the nut from a 
third to about a half. The acorns occur singly or 
several (not more than four, generally) together in a 
cluster in the axils of the leaves. This tree stands 
almost in the centre of the Ramble. 

Rhododendron maximum. {Great Laurel. Rose 
Bay. Near No. 4.) Close by the dwarf horsechest- 
nut, in the southwesterly part of the Ramble, indeed 
quite filling up the whole stretch of bank-side along 
the left of the path, here, are superb masses of this 
handsomest of native laurels. You can know them 
by their large alternate leaves (evergreen) which are 
thick and smooth, and have their margins slightly 
rolled back in a manner that botanists term revolute. 
These leaves are from four to ten inches long, and are 
glossy dark green on the uppersides, but of a pale 
yellow green on the undersides. They have a lance- 
oblong form, and have a way of hanging down like 
a partly closed umbrella. In winter the leaves often 
curl and roll up into cylindrical form, easily distin- 
guishing them. The leaves are acute, at the tip, and 
rather roundish wedge-shaped at the base. In June 
and July this royal shrub bursts into glories of bloom 
that well stir your enthusiasm. From pale rose, 
through all the intermediate hues to white, the great 
corymb-clustered flowers burst their wealth of color 
upon your delighted eyes. The flaring corollas liter- 
ally glow with life and light, fair as pearled shells, 
fragrant as the breath of the morn, and lit with the 
hues of those first faint streaks that tremble upon the 
sky at dawn. Are they not wondrous! Look down 



208 

into their lovely throats, touched so softly with yel- 
lowish dots, like little golden clouds that lie breathless 
on a breathless sky. The corollas are five-parted and 
bell-shaped, with long sweeping stamens, five to ten 
in number, reaching far out from the corollas' throats. 
The stamens are often noticeably curved. The flower 
stems (pedicels) are clammy (viscid) and hairy (pu- 
bescent). The umbel-like clusters of the flowers break 
out from cone-like buds which set the autumn before 
the season's blooming. These cone-shaped buds are 
the winter mark of the rhododendron. The fruit is 
an oblong pod. 

Ribes aureum. (Missouri Currant. Golden or Buf- 
falo Currant. No. 96.) If you are in the north- 
western part of the Ramble in the lovely days of May, 
when those entrancing bursts of warm sunshine leap 
as with a heart full of love from behind pearl-edged 
clouds, and bring out to the full the starry beauty of 
the dancing blossoms, look then for the bright golden 
flowers of this cheery shrub. When the sunshine is 
full upon them, they glow like Wordsworth's daffo- 
dils. If you take the path that leads off to the left 
from the west Bridge, and follow it to its second left- 
hand offshoot, you will find a good clump of this 
Missouri Currant not very far from the corner made 
by the fork of this second offshoot of the Walk to the 
left. It stands quite close to a Siberian pea tree here. 
Its lovely golden flowers w^ill surely make you stop 
a moment in your ramble, with their bright merry hues 
burning up to you with five spreading lobes. The 
conspicuous lobes are part of the calyx, not petals of 



209 

the corolla. The petals of the corolla are very small 
(five), with delicate pink tops which are set on the 
throat of the calyx. At first glance you might easily 
think that the large flaring flanges of the flowers were 
parts of the corolla, but a close examination reveals 
the truth. The flowers are tubular cylindrical, and 
are carried in short-racemed clusters just as the leaves 
begin to expand. These leaves are three to five-lobed, 
wedge-shaped or cordate (often rounded) at the bases. 
They are palmately veined, the midrib and primary 
veins being quite conspicuous. These leaves are small, 
usually about an inch long, and are lobed so conspic- 
uously you can easily recognize the bush by these alone. 
The fruit is a brilliant yellowish (later blackish) spher- 
ical glossy berry, which is very conspicuous in late 
summer (August) amid the green leaves of this mod- 
est shrub. Although its fruit catches the eye and sets 
you wondering what it may be, it is its flowers which 
take hold of you, on those rare days of May, when the 
little yellow horns seem to fairly blow golden music. 
You will find another good mass of this up by the 
clump of purple-flowering raspberry, in the north- 
westerly part of the Ramble, not far from the Swiss 
Cottage. 

Rubiis odoratus. (Purple-flozuering Raspberry. No. 
97.) Near the West Ramble Road Stop, following the 
path on which you met the slippery elm, you will find 
a good-sized mass of this low straggling shrub which 
flings its arms in such delightful abandon along the 
country roads of summer. You can recognize it, at 
once, by its maple-like leaves, which are from three to 



210 

five-lobed, quite large, of a soft, woolly texture, pu- 
bescent on the undersides, but of a lovely tender green 
on the uppersides. The flowers, which have given the 
shrub its common name, are of a clear rose-purple, 
of five crumpled petals, in loose clusters, and float over 
the masses of the shrub in the heats of July and 
August. How lovely is their soft rich color against 
the cool tender green of its leaves, and how lovely the 
golden crown of its anthers in the heart of its ruby 
petals. These tender flowers soon give place to crim- 
son raspberries, flattish, about an inch in diameter. 

Schizophragma hydrangeoides. (Climbing Hydran- 
gea. No. 57.) The path which leads up from the 
Boat House into the southeasterly part of the Ramble 
will bring you, if you turn off to the left, at its third 
fork, and then follow this branch to the place where 
it, in turn, forks, to a sassafras tree, which stands 
close by a lamp, just where this branch of path throws 
off an arm to the west (your left). This sassafras 
tree carries the rather remarkable climbing hydrangea, 
Schizophragma hydrangeoidcs. According to Prof, 
Bailey, this rather staggering name, in plain English, 
means that the inner layers of its valve walls are cleft 
into fascicled fibers. But in spite of its disagreeable 
name, it is a very pretty climber. You might easily 
mistake it for a vine, with its ovate heart-shaped taper- 
ing leaves, but it is a deciduous shrub. It is, like so 
many other of our park beauties, from Japan, and 
has so close a resemblance to Hydrangea petiolaris, 
that it is often confused with it. The shrub blooms in 
July, with white or flesh-colored flowers, fairly large, 



211 

in pubescent flattish peduncled cymes. These blos- 
soms have the large outer ring of sterile flowers, so 
characteristic of the hydrangeas. The fertile flower's 
calyx is top-shaped, has five teeth and five valvate 
petals. Valvate means edge to edge. The stamens are 
ten, and they are inserted upon the base of the disc. 
Prof. Bailey says it can be easily distinguished from 
Hydrangea petiolaris, which has four sepals (petals of 
the calyx) on the marginal flowers, whereas this hy- 
drangea has but one sepal. The leaves of the climber 
we are here discussing are very coarsely toothed, bright 
glossy green on the uppersides, but paler beneath. They 
are from two to four inches long. The fruit is a little 
capsule. 

Symphoricarpos racemosus. (Snozvberry or Wax- 
berry. No. y2.) In the northeasterly corner of the 
Ramble, near the Road Stop there, you will find hand- 
some masses of this daintily-flowered shrub. It has 
been well named indeed, for the pure white berries 
which gleam through its tender dark-green foliage are, 
of a truth, snow-white. The masses of the shrub, here, 
are on the left of the Walk, directly opposite the 
northerly end of the East Ramble Road Stop. You 
can easily know them by their small (two or three 
inches) oval leaves, generally entire, of a beautiful 
clear dark-green on the uppersides, but of a lighter 
green on the undersides. They are set oppositely 
along the branches, on very short leaf-stems, and, off- 
hand, have something of the look of a locust's leaf. 
This shrub blooms all through the summer and, from 
June to September, you may come upon its dainty 



212 



little four to five-toothed, bell-shaped rose-pink flowers 
clustered at the ends of the branches. This habit of 
inflorescence at once distinguishes it from its twin 
sister, the Indian currant or coral berry which it so 
closely resembles, especially in foliage. The Indian 
currant sends out its flowers all along the branches 
in axillary clusters. The snowberry's dainty little flow- 
ers are soon succeeded by the densely clustered bunches 
of small white berries which have given the bush its 
common English name. Its botanical generic name 
is derived from two Greek words meaning "clustered 
fruits." These clusters of white berries conspicuously 
mark the bush about the middle of August. The shrub 
belongs to the honeysuckle family. 

Ulmus fulva. (Slippery Elm. Red Elm. No. 98.) 
If you take the path that turns off to the left from 
the handsome clump of Retinospora plumosa (the first 
offshoot of the Walk to the left, northward after cross- 
ing the Bridge which carries the path into the middle 
west of the Ramble), and proceed northwesterly toward 
the West Ramble Road Stop, you will see an elm tree 
throwing its shade over the Walk, on your left, close 
by the path, about twenty-five or thirty feet from the 
Retinosporas. It is a very fair specimen of the slip- 
pery elm. In order that you may easily identify it, 
it stands a few feet this side (south) of an Austrian 
pine, and has a witch hazel rattling its heavy lop- 
sided leaves diagonally across the Walk from it. The 
slippery elm has a lightish-brown bark which, in old 
trees, gets to be deeply furrowed. This bark also pos- 
sesses a peculiar mucilageneous quality which has given 



213 

the tree its common name, "slippery elm." Its leaves 
are very rough, on the uppersides, and by this you 
may easily know them. The leaves are large, four to 
eight inches long and about four inches vide. They 
are ovate-oblong, in shape, but come down to a taper- 
ing point. They are set alternately along the branch, 
and are noticeably doubly serrate. The most conspic- 
uous feature of the leaves are their extreme roughness 
on the uppersides. Rub them either way, and you will 
feel a harshness of touch which will put your teeth 
on edge. On the undersides the leaves are soft and 
wooly, when young, but as the leaf grows older become 
roughish on this side also. The slippery elm flowers 
early in spring, before the leaves appear. These closely 
clustered purplish blossoms break out in little bunches 
along the branches, very much like the inflorescence 
(bloom) of the English and the Scotch elms. The 
fruit of the tree is a winged seed (samara), the flat 
wing enclosing the seed like a wafer. Over the seed 
there is a marked pubescence or hairy growth, but the 
wing is without pubescence. The seed of the Amer- 
ican elm is very hairy on the margin of the wing. 

Vaccinium corymbosum. (High - bush Blueberry. 
Swamp Blueberry. No. 41.) Near the little Shelter 
or Summer House in the middle of the southern part 
of the Ramble, you will find a good specimen of this 
shrub. It is all through the Ramble, but you can see 
a good bush of it here, for close study. If you take 
the Httle path that leads out northerly from this Sum- 
mer House, passing the fine Catesby's Andromeda and 
Azalea ama:na, on your right, then, as you come out 



214 

upon the Walk that runs east and west, turn westerly, 
to your left, to the first fork of the Walk. Take the 
left-hand branch of this fork, and you will find two 
very fair specimens of this blueberry. The first one 
stands on the right of the Walk, just beyond a hand- 
some Vibnrmim dentatum. The viburnum has saw- 
cut leaves. The high-bush blueberry is, as its name 
implies, an erect shrub. It is very pretty in May, with 
hanging clusters of wax-white flowers flushed softly 
with pink. These corymb-like clusters, in short, hang- 
ing racemes, have given the shrub its specific botanical 
name corynibosiiui. Dainty pale pinkish-white bells 
they are, with their little five-toothed corollas droop- 
ing so beautifully on the almost bare branches of the 
shrub. The leaves are simple, set alternately on the 
branches, are oval, and pointed at both ends, the top 
acute, the base wedge-shaped. These leaves, about 
three inches long when full-grown, are of a dark 
glossy green on the uppersides, but are lighter green 
below and pubescent. In the fall of the year they 
meet the first keen kisses of the frost with flushes of 
rose that glow into scarlet and crimson through golden 
glories of yellow and orange. All over the Ramble 
then you come upon the torches of flame which this 
shrub burns so bravely. Its berry is small, about as 
large as a good-sized pea, blue-black with a faint 
bloom. 

Viburnum acerifolium. {Ma pic -I caved Arrozvzvood. 
Dockniackic. No. 107.) Proceed northerly from the 
mushroom-shaped shelter, turn to the west at the first 
fork of the Walk, then follow it to the next fork, turn 



215 

to your right (northerly), and continue along the 
Walk, until it begins to bend easterly to a rustic 
shelter. If you have a permit to explore for things 
not beside the Walk, strike off from the path, to your 
left, just before you come to where the Walk begins 
to swing around to the rustic shelter, and in among 
the shrubberies here, about eighteen or twenty feet 
to the southwest of the Walk, you will find a fair 
specimen of this Viburnum. It is easily distinguished 
by its maple-like leaves, which are generally three-lobed 
and have large irregular teeth. The leaves are set 
oppositely, and the coarse cutting of the large teeth 
instantly attract the attention. The shrub blooms in 
June, in rather flattish terminal loose cymes, and are 
very beautiful, just before they open, from the pale 
pinkish-purple flush that suffuses them. As they open, 
they become cream-white. These flowers are succeeded 
by dark-purple berries, whose stones are two-grooved. 
It is a pretty shrub, and very beautiful just as it be- 
gins to bloom. 

It may be interesting to add that the viburnums 
belong to the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliacecu, in- 
cluding the elder, the Indian currant or coral berry, the 
snowberry, and the Weigela {Diervilla). Generally 
speaking this great group CaprifoliacecB, is character- 
ized by having the stamens of their flowers about as 
many as there are lobes of the corolla. In the elders 
and the viburnums, the corollas are shallow wheel- 
shaped or urn-shaped; in the coral berries and snow- 
berries, the corollas are bell-shaped; in the honey- 
suckles {Lonicera) and the Weiglas {Diervilla) the 



2l6 

corollas are funnel-form. They are among the loveliest 
of the shrubs to bloom and in June, especially, the 
Weigelas are glorious. 



i W 
m m 




Explanations, Map No. 8 



Common Name. 



Botanical Name. 



9- 

lO. 

II. 

12. 

13- 

14. 

15- 
16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 



24. 

26. 
27. 

28. 
29- 



Reeve's Spiraea. 

Tartarian Honeysuckle. 

Honey Locust. 

Judas Tree or Redbud. 

English Hawthorn. 

Silver or White Maple. 

Washington Thorn. 

Hackberry, Sugarberry, 
Nettle Tree. 

Groundsel Tree. 

Cottonwood or Carolina 
Poplar. 

Red Maple. 

Japan Quince. 

European Beech. 

European or Tree Alder. 

Flowering Dogwood. 

Osage Orange. 

Norway Maple. 

Koelreuteria or Varnish 
Tree. 

Common Locust. 

Fringe Tree. 

Bald Cypress. 

Hop Tree or Shrubby 
Trefoil. 

Common Swamp Blue- 
berry, High-bush Blue- 
berry. 

European White Birch. 

Shadbush, June Berry or 
Service Berry. 

Flowering Dogwood. 

Italian Privet (White 
fruit). 

Swamp White Oak. 

Cockspur Thorn. 



SpircBa Reevesiana. 
Lonicera Tartaric a. 
Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Cercis Canadensis. 
Cratcsgus oxyacantha. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Cratccgus cor data. 
Celtis Occidentalis. 

Baccharis halimifolia. 
Populus monilifera. 

Acer rubrum. 
Cydonia Japonica. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Alnus gliitinosa. 
Cornus florid a. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Acer platanoides. 
Koslreuteria paniculata. 

Robinia pseudacacia. 
Chionanthus Virginica. 
Taxodium distichum. 
Ptelea trifoliata. 

Vaccinium corymbosum. 



Betula alba. 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Cornus florid a. 

Ligustrum Italicum, var. leu- 

cocarpuin. 
Quercus bicolor. 
Cratcegu '> crus-galli. 



222 



Common Name 

30. Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 

White Thorn. 

3 1 . White-Stamened Syringa. 

32. Turkey Oak. 

33. Hercules 's Club, Devil's 

Walking Stick, Angel- 
ica Tree. 

34. Japan Pagoda Tree. 

35. European White Birch. 

3 6 . Rose of Sharon or Althaea. 

37. Weigela. 

38. Cut - leaved European 

Beech. 

39. Rhodotypos. 

40. Black Cherry. 

41. Mock Orange or Sweet 

Syringa. 

42. Buttonbush. 

43. Dwarf or Japan Catalpa, 

Bunge's Catalpa. 

44. Sassafras. 

45. Scentless Mock Orange or 

Syringa. 

46. Common Elder. 

47. Missouri Currant, Golden 

or Buffalo Currant. 

48. Fringe Tree. 

49. European Wayfaring Tree. 

50. Indian Bean Tree or 

Southern Catalpa. 

51. Purple-leaved European 

Hazel. 

52. Paulo wnia. 

53. Small-leaved Mock Or- 

ange or Syringa. 

54. Wild Red Osier. 

55. Sweet Bay or Swamp 

Magnolia. 

56. Bur Oak, Mossy Cup Oak, 

Overcup Oak. 

57. Japan Hedge Bindweed. 

58. Weeping Willow, Baby- 

lonian Willow. 

59. Weeping European Beech. 



Botanical Name 
Cratcegus coccinea. 

Philadelphus nivalis. 
Quercus Cerris. 
Aralia spinosa. 



Sophora Japonica. 

Bctula alba. 

Hibiscus Syriacus. 

Dicrvilla florida. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata 

(or asplenifolia) . 
Rhodotypos kerrioides. 
Prunus serotina. 
Philadelphus coronarius. 

Ccphalanthus Occidentalis. 
Catalpa Bungei. 

Sassafras officinale. 
Philadelphus inodorus. 

Sambucus Canadensis. 
Ribes aureum. 

Chionanthus Virginica. 
Viburnum lantana. 
Catalpa bignonioides . 

Corylus avellana, var. atro- 

purpurea. 
Paidownia imperialis. 
Philadelphus microphyllus. 



Cornus stolomfera. 
Magnolia glauca. 

Quercus macrocarpa. 

Polygonum cuspidatum. 
Salix Babylonica. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula. 



223 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



6c. 
6i. 
62. 

63- 

64. 
65- 

66. 

67. 

68. 
69. 

70. 

71- 
72. 

73- 
74- 



75- 

76. 

77- 
78. 

79- 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83- 

84. 
85- 
86. 

88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 



Mock Orange or Sweet Philadelphus coronarius 

Syringa. 
Japan Quince (Red flow 

ers). 
Japan Quince (Pink flow 

ers). 
Umbrella Tree. 



Cydonia Japonica. 
Cydonia Japonica. 



Oriental Plane Tree. 

Weeping European Silver 
Linden. 

European Linden. 

Cut-leaved European 
Beech. 

European White Birch. 

Thunberg's Barberry, Ja- 
pan Barberry. 

Reeve's Spiraea. 

Van Houtte's Spiraea. 

Witch Hazel. 

Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 
White Thorn. 

American Hornbeam, 
Blue Beech, Water 
Beech. 

Hackberry, Sugar Berry, 
Nettle Tree. 

Slippery Elm. 

Scarlet Oak. 

Large- flowered Mock Or- 
ange or Syringa. 

Austrian Pine. 

White Pine. 

Spicebush. 

Chinese Juniper. 

Japan Arbor Vitas (Gold- 
en Plume-leaved). 

Wild Red Osier. 

European White Birch. 

American Hazel. 

White Mulberry. 

Standish's Honeysuckle. 

Large-thorned Hawthorn. 

Black Oak. 

Scotch Elm. 



Magnolia timbre I la (or tripe- 

tala. 
Platanus Orientalis. 
Tilia Europoea, var. argentea 

(or alba) pendula. 
Tilia Europoea. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata 

(or asplenifolia) . 
BeUda alba. 
Berberis Thunbergii. 

SpircBa Reevesiana. 
Spircsa Van Hotittei. 
Hamamelis Virginiana. 
CratcBgus coccinea. 

Carpinus Caroliniana. 



Celtis Occidentalis. 

Uhnus fulva. 
Qiiercus coccinea. 
Philadelphus grandiftorus. 

Pinus Austriaca. 
Pinus strobus. 
Benzoin benzoin. 
Juniperus Chinensis. 
ChaincBcyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) pisifera, var. aurea. 
Cornus stolonifera. 
Betula alba. 
Corylus Americana. 
Morus alba. 
Lonicera Standishii. 
CratcBgus macracantha. 
Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria 
Ulmus Montana. 



224 



Common Name Botanical Name 

92. Globe Flower, Japan Rose, Kerria Japonica. 

Kerria. 

93. Fortune's Dwarf White SpircBacallosa,var. alba, 

Spirnea. 

94. European Cherry, Maha- Prunus Mahaleh. 

leb Cherry. 

95. Bladder Senna. Colutea arbor escens. 



VIII. 

WEST SEVENTY-SECOND STREET TO WEST 
SEVENTY-NINTH STREET 

At the West Seventy-second Street Gate, the Walks 
bend quickly north and south. We have been over 
the southerly; let us take the northerly, at the left of 
the Drive. It wanders through a delightful Arbor, 
hung with trailing vines and the sweet garlands of 
the Wistaria; — a lovely spot in the days of shifting 
sunshine over dancing leaves. Almost as the Walk 
swings around to the north, close by the Arbor, you 
will find tall masses of the Tartarian honeysuckle. 
You can know it easily by its leaves, which somewhat 
resemble narrowed and elongated arrow-heads. Tech- 
nically speaking they are ovate-lanceolate, with a very 
cordate (heart-shaped) base. The leaves are also cil- 
iate, that is, with a fringe of hairs along their margins, 
and are somewhat hairy on the undersides, as well. 
In late May or early Jime the Tartarian honeysuckle 
breaks out in bloom — beautiful pink, white or crimson 
flowers which have their upper lips cleft quite consid- 
erably. As the flowers pass away, changing to fruit, the 
bush is hung full of bright scarlet berries. 

A little stretch beyond the Arbor, you come to some 
steps, and here, by the second step, on your left, you 
meet the interesting Italian privet which bears white 
fruit. There are some more very interesting things 



226 

here. On your right, by the first step, is a lamp, and 
almost due east of this, on the border of the Drive, are 
two very flourishing specimens of the groundsel tree. 
If you have ever wandered over the salt meadows near 
Coney Island in the Autumn, and seen the snow of the 
groundsel tree's seed-pods fairly billowing over the 
velvety sedge, your heart will give a leap of joy when 
you come upon these bushes. At least, so it was with 
me, the day I first found them here beside the Drive. 
Instantly I saw the salt meadows, the flying white sea- 
gulls turning in the sun; saw the drifting, rolling 
sedges smoothing to the wind ; heard the sound of the 
ocean surge and saw the white fluff of the groundsel 
tree billowing over the tawny reaches of the marshes. 
This snowy fluff of silvery white pappus which covers 
the seeds so generously is the balloon that bears the 
seeds on the breast of the wind, serving their disper- 
sion. Each tiny little seed is loosed by the wind and 
borne onward to its resting place by the wings of this 
lovely, fairy-like fluff. The leaves of the shrub are 
wedge-shaped, obovate and very coarsely toothed. The 
branches are distinctly angled. 

Follow the Walk, still northerly, and just after you 
pass, on your right, some fine old cottonwoods, easily 
known by their towering trunks of heavily-ridged bark, 
cross the Drive and strike the Lake-walk, where it 
sends down a little side arm to the Lake itself. That 
you may know the spot, a flowering dogwood stands 
directly in the right-hand corner of this arm, and east 
of the dogwood a cluster of tall, conical bald cypresses 




Flowers of the Hop Tree or Shrurby Trefoil (Ptclca trifoliala) 
Map 8. No. 22. 



wave their royal plumes of feathery green to every 
rocking breeze. What graceful trees they are ! 

From this arm, pass southerly, following the east- 
erly border of the Drive. You pass Japan quince, on 
your right, honey locust on your left, resplendent in 
black bark and fierce thorns. These honey locusts are 
about opposite the lamp here. Beyond them, by the edge 
of the Lake are European elder, full of little "cones," 
jet black against the blue of the sky ; flowering dog- 
wood, osage orange (with spines in the axils of its 
leaves). Opposite these trees is a fine Norway maple. 
Then we meet honey locust again, then some more 
osage oranges and a little gathering of varnish trees 
just beyond these, on your left. Opposite the lamp 
that stands on your right, as you continue southerly, 
are two well-grown fringe trees, lovely in June, with 
their white fluffs of bloom. Beyond the fringe trees 
you will see a quartet of the shrubby trefoil, of the rue 
family, RutacecE. You must have met this tree several 
times before on your rambles in the lower sections 
of the Park, and their leaves, made up of three leaf- 
lets, are no doubt now quite familiar to you. You 
remember this tree has wafer-shaped, elm-like seeds, 
and that it is from this resemblance of its seeds to 
the seeds of the elm that it has been named ptelea 
(Greek for elm). The tree flowers in terminal white 
cymes, which are rather open, in June. Off to the 
east of the hop-tree quartet here, is quite a goodly 
company of bald cypresses again, foot-set by the mar- 
gin of the Lake. It is worth a trip here to see these 
trees in October. Then their feathery masses have 



228 

turned to the softest shades of old gold and crimson- 
bronze. The Walk, here, flings off to the left a little 
side-shoot of path, down close to the Lake. In its 
southerly corner, a couple of young shadbushes have 
taken firm root, and stand in easy position for you to 
take a good look at, what always seems to me, their 
especial mark of beauty — their handsomely streaked 
bark. You can pick them out in winter by this mark- 
ing. See, too, their pretty pointed buds. These are 
not quite so finely pointed as the beech tree's buds, 
but they are very well turned, and beautiful in their 
way. An Arbor arches the Walk, just beyond, and 
east of it, is European white birch. Beyond the Arbor, 
close by the margin of the Lake, you will see more 
European alders. Try to see them in spring when 
they veil themselves with the soft dull crimson of 
their stamen-bearing catkins. These catkins are like 
long slender pencils, and the anthers (the pollen-bear- 
ing parts of the stamens) are clustered beneath the 
bracts of these "pencils." They are very interesting 
trees at this time of the year, and glow with a beauty 
all their own, while as yet most of the trees are bare 
of leaf or flower. How few people ever see the flow- 
ers of the trees! Why is it? 

The Walk runs on to the south, and at the end of 
the Lake here bends around in a hook, following the 
trend of the Lake-shore, to the Concourse. It wan- 
ders past more tree alders, swamp white oak, sweet 
gum, and clusters of bald cypresses. Where the hook 
swings around to the northeast, near the Carriage Con- 
course, you will find, in the point of the bed which 



229 

lies between the Walk and the Drive, a lusty young 
cockspur thorn, with long sharp thorns and shining, 
thick, glossy, wedge-obovate leaves. Beyond the cock- 
spur thorn, also between Walk and Drive, on your 
right, as you go toward the Carriage Concourse, is 
a good young scarlet-fruited hawthorn or white thorn, 
as it is often called, with light green, tender, dully- 
finished leaves, which are rather regularly cut along 
the margins, into very small lobes. In shape these 
leaves are broad-ovate. You can find the tree easily 
by its leaves and thorns. It stands just this side 
(south) of an osage orange. The osage orange has 
reddish - brown, rough bark, and rather sweeping 
branches, beset with spines in the axils of its leaves. 
Both trees are near the end of the bed bordering the 
right of the Walk, and almost in line with the tongue 
of ground between the two Drives, as they join each 
other to form the Carriage Concourse, about the foun- 
tain used for watering horses. Speaking of this tongue 
of ground, on its north-westerly corner there is a fine 
display of the wild red osier, and, on its north-easterly 
corner, a large mass of the small-leaved syringa. 

Let us now follow right around this Concourse. Just 
after passing the scarlet-fruited thorn and the osage 
orange, the Walk sends off a little side-shoot, to the 
left, down the bank, west, to a cosy little Summer 
House by the Lake. Just as it turns off, you will 
find a very interesting syringa. It is interesting be- 
cause, as a rule, the stamens in the centre of the 
white-petaled blossoms of syringa are golden yellow, 
these are creamy white and mark the shrub as one of 



230 

the variety nivalis, or white (snowy) stamened syringa. 
Across from this syringa is red maple. If you go 
down the short arm of Walk here, you will pass, on 
your right, Rose of Sharon, and, beyond it, European 
white birch. Close by the little Summer House on 
the border of the Lake are a couple of handsome Tur- 
key oaks, with dark, heavily-ridged bark. Well out 
on your right, as you come down this arm of Walk, 
off from the Rose of Sharon, you will find a large 
mass of the Hercules's Club or Devil's Walking Stick. 
You will have no trouble in recognizing them, for they 
are Hterally covered with spines and prickles. Surely 
they are well named. They have long leaves which 
are pinnately, and often twice or thrice pinnately com- 
pound. The leaflets are ovate and pointed. In Au- 
gust this shrub blooms in large conspicuous panicles 
of greenish-white flowers which are succeeded, in 
September, by small crimson, five-ribbed berries. The 
mass here is thriving surely, and makes a decided dis- 
play at its time of bloom. But you must see it in win- 
ter if you want to get the glory of its spines. 

Come back now to the Concourse and continue its 
circuit. Two Walks lead off from the northerly side 
of the Concourse. Near the westerly, a fine cut-leaved 
beach will be found, near the left-hand corner. In the 
right-hand corner of this westerly branch you will find 
Rhodotypos, with which you are now familiar. Next 
to the Rhodotypos, east of it, by the border of the Walk, 
is sweet syringa, and next to this is an interesting shrub 
which you will do well to see in July. This is ouf 
native buttonbush, and in July it is a curious sight, 



231 

covered with its round, button-like balls of bloom. 
These balls or heads are made up of a dense round 
cluster of separate cream-white flowers, each flower 
of which is tubular, and from its narrow, four-toothed 
corolla, the very long style sticks up exactly like a long, 
thin pin. The whole affair looks precisely as if it were 
a little round pin-cushion stuck full of golden-headed 
pins. The leaves of the shrub are either opposite on the 
branches or occur three together. It is certainly odd- 
looking in bloom, and you should see it then. Back 
(north) of the buttonbush, down the slope of the lawn 
a little, looking toward the Lake, you will see the dwarf 
Japan catalpa. It has leaves that are like the bean 
catalpa, but are more sharply angulated, more pointed, 
and less cordate. The Japan catalpa here is not over 
five feet high, and you can tell it easily by these features. 
In the westerly corner of the easterly branch of the 
Walk, you will find scentless syringa, and opposite to it, 
in the easterly corner of the Walk, is Missouri cur- 
rant, which you met in the Ramble. 

If you will continue now, around the circuit of the 
Concourse, bending here, to the south, near the lamp- 
post, just south of it, you will find the shrub called the 
wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana), of Europe. It has 
scurfy branches and dark-green, thick, wrinkled leaves 
which are almost woolly on the undersides. These 
leaves are from three to four inches long, ovate, and 
with bases more or less cordate. The shrub flowers in 
May, with the characteristic white flat cymes typical of 
the viburnum, and these dense heads are succeeded by 
bright-red, egg-shaped berries, which become blue-black 



232 

when they are ripe. South of this shrub, over on the 
other side of the Walk (your left) you will find Catalpa 
bignonioides, and diagonally across from this catalpa, 
south, on the right of the Walk, you will find purple- 
leaved European hazel, which will be readily recognized 
by its dark-purple leaves. South of the hazel, in the 
same border bed of the Walk, you will pass cockspur 
thorn, bristling with thorns and glossy with its shining 
leaves. This thorn is not far from a lamp which stands 
a little south of it, where the border bed on your right 
narrows to a thin strip. 

Let us now come back to where we branched off, by 
the grounsel tree and the cottonwoods, beyond the 
steps, at the beginning of this ramble, and follow the 
Walk northerly, as it runs about parallel with the Drive. 
You pass silver maple, opposite the lamp on your right, 
and, just beyond the maple, scarlet oak. Not very much 
further along this Walk you come to a nestling sheet 
of water. At its southerly end you will find bald 
cypress, and back of the bald cypress European white 
birch. Continuing along the Walk, note the gathering 
of American hornbeams bordering the bed on your 
right. You know them at once by their smooth, clean- 
cut, muscle-ridged bark, streaked with silvery lines, 
like veins, and by their beautiful birch-like leaves. 

On either side of the cross-walk here, as it breaks 
off to cross the Drive, you will see a fringe tree. They 
have simple, entire leaves, oval or obovate and placed 
opposite each other on the branches. See these trees in 
June, when they hang full of their snow-white, fringe- 
like flowers. Beyond the northerly fringe tree is a mass 



233 

of Rhodofypos again. Here the Walk swings around 
in a graceful bend to the Seventy-second Street Gate. 
If you go around with it, as it nears the Drive, to cross 
it, close by the lamp there, which is on your left, you 
wdll find a good sample of the black oak. The black 
oak is an interesting variety of the scarlet oak. On the 
lower parts of the tree the leaves somewhat resemble the 
leaves of the red oak, only are much broader at the top, 
w^ith a kind of squarish outline. On the upper parts 
of the tree the leaves run into the more typical forms of 
the scarlet oak, very deeply cut along the sides, into 
rounded sinuses (bays) between the thin lobes. These 
lobes are bristle tipped. The oaks having their leaves 
tipped with bristles ripen their acorns in the second 
year, and hence are termed biennials; those without 
bristles ripen their acorns within the year and, so, are 
annuals. 

Cross the Drive here and have a look at the Scotch 
elm which rises up close beside the parapet, on the 
right of the Drive. It stands near a black cherry. 
You can tell it at once by its large, rough leaves. 
If you do not care to go out of the Park here, 
take the little arm of path that slips off to the north 
from this Walk, and snuggles down close by the dream- 
ing waters of a pretty little pond. On your left, in the 
corner, are some osage oranges, with a handsome witch- 
hazel diagonally across from them, on the right of the 
Walk. The witch-hazel has large oval, lop-sided leaves 
which are distinctly wavy-margined. Crossing the 
little Bridge here, which is almost hidden away from 
view in the embowering green, you pass, on your left, 



234 

just beyond the Bridge, a couple of American horn- 
beams, with some white mulberries, on the point that 
juts out into the water, to the west of them. Then you 
pass white pine, and, beyond, but on your right this 
time, spicebush. Where this Walk meets the Drive 
beyond, you will find some good specimens of the 
pretty Mahaleb cherry, of southern Europe. One of 
these stands on the southerly end of the Httle "island" 
of shrubbery that lies in the ''mouth" of the Walk here, 
opposite the West Ramble Road Stop. In the point of 
the border bed, on the left of the Drive, just beyond, you 
will find Chinese juniper, with short, sharp, stifiish 
leaves that prick like thistles if pressed by the fingers. 
West of this is plume-leaved Japan arbor vitse (Retin- 
ospora), and along the border (southerly) of the Bridle 
Path, you will find kerria, and a little west of it, on the 
southerly border, a clump of the dainty Fortune's dwarf 
white spiraea, which sets its small, exquisitely-cut, tiny 
little white flowers in early days of spring — almost the 
first of the spiraeas to bloom. 




h//0Ay393hJ 






^ H±J/J 7 




Explanations, Map No. 9 



lO. 

II. 

12. 

13- 
14. 
15- 

16. 



17- 

18. 
19. 



20. 
21. 
22. 

24. 

25- 

26. 
27. 

28. 
29. 
30- 
31- 

32. 



Common Name 

Cockspur Thorn. 

Acanthopanax. 

Pin Oak. 

Norway Maple. 

American or White Elm. 

Thunberg's Barberry. 

Japan Snowball. 

English Oak. 

Dwarf or Japan Catalpa, 
Bunge's Catalpa. 

Turkey Oak. 

European Linden. 

Josika Lilac. 

Arrow wood. 

European Wayfaring Tree. 

Ramanus Rose, Japan 
Rose. 

Mock Orange or Sweet 
Syringa (Golden- 
leaved). 

Japan Maple. 

Black Haw. 

American Hornbeam, 
Blue Beech, Water 
Beech. 

English Elm. 

European Beech. 

Weeping Willow. 

Swamp Dogwood, Silky 
Dogwood. Kinnikinnik. 

American White or Gray 
Birch. 

American Sycamore, But- 
tonwood, ButtonlDall. 

Japan Storax. 

American Linden, Bass- 
wood, Bee Tree, White- 
wood. 

Wild Red Osier. 

Flowering Dogwood. 

Common Privet. 

Bush or Fortune's Deut- 
zia (White flowers). 

Red Cedar. 



Botanical Name 

Cratcugus crus-galli. 
Aralia pentaphylla. 
Quercus palustris. 
Acer platanoides. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Berberis Thunbergii. 
Viburnum plicatum. 
Quercus robur. 
Catalpa Bungei. 

Quercus cerris. 
Tilia Europcca. 
Syringa Josikcea. 
Viburnum dentaUim. 
Viburnum lantana. 
Rosa rugosa. 

Philadelphus coronariiis, var. 
aurea. 

Acer polymorphum,. 
Viburnum prumfolium. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 



Ulmus campestris. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Salix Babylonica. 
Cornus sericea. 

Betula populifolia. 

Platanus Occidentalis. 

Styrax Japonica. 
Tilia Americana. 



Cornus stolonifera. 
Cornus florid a. 
Ligustrum vulgare. 
Deutzia crenata. 

J^miperus Virginiana. 



240 



33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 

37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 

41. 

42. 
43- 



44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 



48. 
49. 

50- 

51- 
52. 
53. 
54. 
55- 

56. 

57. 
58. 
59- 

60. 

61. 
62. 
63. 



Common Name 

Persian Lilac. 

Common Lilac. 

American Beech. 

American White or Gray- 
Birch. 

Red Maple. 

Black Cherry. 

Swiss Stone Pine. 

Chinese White Magnolia, 
Yulan. 

Indian Bean Tree or 
Southern Catalpa. 

English Oak. 

Red-flowering Horsechest- 
nut. 

Common Locust. 

Common Horsechestnut. 

Scotch Elm or Wych Elm. 

European (or Siberian) 
Red Osier, Red-stem- 
med Dogwood, White- 
fruited Dogwood. 

Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

Ailanthus or Tree of 
Heaven. 

Cottonwood or Carolina 
Poplar. 

American White Ash. 

Oriental Plane Tree. 

Tulip Tree. 

Sycamore Maple. 

Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch, 
Black Birch. 

Garden Cherry, Morello 
Cherry. 

Bald Cypress. 

European Linden. 

Day Lily (Orange-red 
flowers). 

Broad-leaved European 
Linden. 

English Cork-bark Elm. 

Spanish Chestnut. 

Hop Hornbeam. 



Botanical Name 

Syringa Persica. 
Syringa vulgaris. 
Fagus ferruginea. 
BeUda populijolia. 

Acer rtibrum. 
Prunus serotina. 
Pinus Cemhra. 
Magnolia conspictia. 

Catalpa hignonioides. 

Quercus robur. 

yEsculus hippocastanum x 

Pavia or ALscuhis rubi- 

cunda. 
Robinia pseudacacia. 
Msctdus hippocastanum. 
Ulmus Alontana. 
Cornus sanguinea (or alba). 



Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Ailanthus glandtdosus. 

Populus monilifera. 

Fraxinus Americana. 
Platamts Orientalis. 
Liriodendron ttdipifera. 
Acer pscudoplatanus. 
Betida lenta. 

Prunus cerasus. 

Taxodium distichum. 
Tilia Europcca. 
Hemerocallis fidva. 

Tilia Europcea, var. plati- 

phylla. 
Ulmus campestris,var.suberosa 
Castanea sativa (or vesca). 
Ostrya Virginica. 



IX. 



EAST SEVENTY-NINTH STREET TO EAST EIGHTY- 
FIFTH STREET 

In this Section you will find, in their various places, 
described individually at length below, excellent speci- 
mens of the Japan storax, the lovely Bumald's spiraea, 
which throws up its crimson heads in midsummer, red- 
flowering horsechestnuts, masses of the Japan rose, 
golden-leaved syringa, Japan maple with pretty star- 
shaped leaves, handsome beeches and sturdy English 
oaks. But let us take them up individually : — 

^sculus hippocastaneum X Pavia, or ^sculus rubi- 
cunda. {Red-Hoivering Horsechestniit. No. 43.) If 
you enter the Park at the Gate, a little south of 
Transverse Road, No. 3, at East Eighty-fifth Street, 
and follow the Walk eastward to the Drive, then turn 
southerly along the Drive and cross it at the second 
cross-walk of the path, you will find, in each corner* 
of the Walk, where it meets the Walk that trends by 
the Reservoir, some rather slender specimens of this 
beautiful hybrid between the common horsechestnut and 
the red buckeye (Pavia). If you look at the leaves, 
you will see that they look something like the leaves 
of the common horsechestnut. But they are only in a 
way similar, as you will see if you look closely at the 
pointed ends of the leaflets. You see these leaflets are 
all wedge-obovate and come down gradually to a point. 



^42 

The leaflets of the common horsechestnut have a very 
broad top, which rounds quite abruptly to a short point. 
In late May or June these trees put out their beautiful 
red blossoms in conspicuous, erect terminal racemes. 
The individual flowers of the raceme are four-petaled, 
with claws shorter than the calyx. Eight stamens are 
folded within the clasp of the lovely rubicund petals. 
The flowers are usually of a rich rose-red, scarlet, or 
sometimes flesh-colored. They are succeeded by nuts 
whose husks are covered with small prickles. 

Castanea sativa. (Spanish Chest nut. No. 62.) Di- 
rectly south of the Hamilton Statue, you will find four 
trees, gathered together in the form of a rough parallel- 
ogram, These are common horsechestnut, European 
linden (south of the horsechestnut), common horse- 
chestnut again (east of the linden), and north of this 
horsechestnut you will find the Spanish chestnut. The 
group here stands south of the Hamilton Statue, clear 
and fair on the open lawn between the Walk and the 
Drive, and a little above a line from the northwesterly 
corner of the Metropolitan INIuseum of Art. 

The Spanish chestnut's leaves are shorter than those 
of our own chestnut, and are of thicker, coarser tex- 
ture. They are usually from five to nine inches long, 
while those of our own species run from six to ten 
inches. Our own chestnut is a variety of the Spanish 
stock. Its nuts are smaller, but sweeter. The leaves 
of the Spanish also differ from our native chestnuts 
in being slightly pubescent on the undersides. This is 
when the leaves are young; as they develop they be- 
come smooth (glabrous). It blooms in June, with 



243 

longer catkins of staminate (pollen bearing) flowers, 
than our native chestnut. These long, spike-like, stam- 
inate catkins of the chestnut are very beautiful, in the 
height of their bloom, seeming to cover the tree with 
cream.-white tufts. These staminate catkins are long, 
greenish spikes along which the tiny little stamen 
clusters are borne, in small, close, creamy bunches. 
The fertile or pistillate flowers are inconspicuous. If 
you look close you will find them at the bases of the 
sterile (staminate) catkins, highest on the branches, or 
rather nearest the ends of the branches. 

Cornus sericea. {Szvamp Dogzvood. Silky Dogimod, 
Kinnikinnik. No. 23.) You will find a handsome mass 
of this shrub on the southerly side of the Walk which 
forks east and west. The west branch runs under an 
Arch to follow on beside the Reservoir ; the east branch 
skirts the broad and open stretch of green that beds the 
southerly side of the Drive, south of the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art. The most distinguishing feature of 
this shrub is its leaves, which are silky, hairy or pubes- 
cent, especially on the undersides. From this the shrub 
is called silky dogwood. Its branchlets are purplish, 
often peculiarly marked with purple above and green 
below. The shrub blooms in late spring or early sum- 
mer in compact, flat heads, or cymes, of white flowers. 
A cyme is usually a flat cluster of flowers in which the 
central flower opens first and the others after. This 
blooming, or inflorescence, as it is termed botanically, 
is called centrifugal, i. e. from the center outward, and 
is the distinguishing feature of the cyme. The indi- 
vidual flowers in the flat-topped clusters of the shrub's 



244 

bloom are white and four-petaled. These are suc- 
ceeded by Hght-blue berries. 

Spiraea Bumalda. {Bumald's Spircca. Near No. 26.) 
In the burning days of July or August, look for the 
deep-pink flowers of the Bumald's spiraea. To me it 
always suggests the Joe Pye weed that comes upon us 
with such lovely and cool delight along the dusty road- 
sides of midsummer highways in the country. Its cool, 
subdued hue is restful to the eye, and you can stand and 
look down upon the open face of this frank little shrub 
with a sense of keen refreshment, all the keener, because 
the atmosphere quivers about you with the trembling 
heat of a summer's day. 

This undaunted little shrub bravely spreads its rosy 
plume quite near the westerly storax, by the pathside 
which cuts the lawn south of the Metropolitan Museum 
of Art. It is only a few feet high, and you perhaps 
would scarcely notice it except when in bloom. If it 
is not in flower, you can tell it by its ovate-lanceolate 
leaves of about three inches in length. These leaves 
are smooth and are doubly serrate, quite sharply so. 
The Anthony Water er variety of this spiraea has bright 
crimson flowers in close, dense heads, and is often con- 
fused with the Bumalda. 

Styrax Japonica. {Japan Storax. No. 26.) If you 
enter at the Eighty-first Street Gate, from Fifth Ave- 
nue, and follow the path along the southerly side of 
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, to a point about oppo- 
site the extreme southwesterly corner of the Museum, 
then cross the Drive, due south, and pick up the path 
again, going southerly, not very far along, you will 



245 

find, on your right, and on your left, quite near the 
Walk, well-grown specimens of this handsome Japan 
variety of storax. The westerly one is near the Bu- 
mald's spirgea. 

In June or July this pretty tree hangs its branches 
full of pure waxy-white flowers, which droop in short, 
loose, axillary or terminal racemes, one to four-flow- 
ered. They are very beautiful, with bell-shaped corol- 
las, five-lobed. The lobes spread out in rather a star- 
like way. The richly yellow stamens, ten in number 
(twice the number of the lobes of the corolla), are 
fastened at the base of the corolla and make a beau- 
tiful contrast against the pa.ire white petals. The 
leaves of this small tree are set alternately on the 
branch, are smooth, ovate, or broadly-elliptic, pointed 
at both ends, and are about three inches long. They are 
finely serrated. When young the leaves have stellate 
hairs. The flowers are succeeded by small, round, dry 
drupes in autumn. 

While studying the storax here, it may be well to 
note that the pretty halesia or silverbell tree, which 
you have met so many times on these rambles, is of the 
same family. The halesia, which by the way, gets 
its name from Setphen Hales, a writer on vegetable 
physiology, carries its flowers, also, from the axils of 
the leaves. It is interesting to note the family rela- 
tionship of the trees and shrubs as you study them. If 
you will do this, it will add great enjoyment to your 
investigations. 

You will find another storax on the edge of the 
Drive, southwest of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 



246 

It is on the southerly side of the Drive and stands in 
between a basswood, on the east, and a ckister of 
Japan snowballs on the west. The Japan snowballs have 
thick, roundish, wrinkled leaves. The basswood large 
heart-shaped (cordate) leaves. 



i^ 



f / CM 



hi/0Ayj9jy 




Explanations, Map No. 10 



Common Name 

r. Scotch Pine. 

2. Hackberry, Sugarberry 

Nettle Tree. 

3. Red Mulberry. 

4. European Larch. 

5. Osage Orange. 

6. Nordmann's Silver Fir. 

7. Oriental Spruce. 

8. Cockspur Thorn. 

9. Fontanesia. 

10. Indian Currant, Coral 

Berry. 

11. Plume-leaved Japan Ar- 

bor Vitse. 

12. Austrian Pine. 

13. Golden Plume-leaved 

Japan Arbor Vitae. 

14. Chinese Juniper. 

15. Globe Flower, Japan Rose 

or Kerria (Double 
flowered) . 

16. American or White Elm. 

17. Pin Oak. 

18. Common Swamp Blue- 

berry, High-bush Blue- 
berry. 

19. Cephalotaxus. 

20. European White Birch. 

21. Hemlock. 

22. Black Haw. 

23. Prostrate Juniper. 

24. Giant Arbor Vitse. 

25. Shagbark Hickory. 

26. Red Maple. 

27. Sugar or Rock Maple. 

28. Bush Deutzia. 

29. Scotch Pine. 



Botanical Name 

Pinus sylvestris. 
Celtis Occidentalis. 

Mortis rubra. 
Larix Europcoa. 
Madura aurantiaca. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Picea Orientalis. 
Crat(£gus crus-galli. 
Fontanesia Fortunei. 
Symphoricarpos vulgaris. 

ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa. 

Pinus Austriaca. 

Chamcscyparis (or Rctinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa 
aurea. 

Juniperus Chinensis. 

Kerria Japonic a. 



Ulmus Americana. 

Quercus palustris. 

V accinium corymbosum. 



Cephalotaxus Fortunei. 
Beluta alba. 
Tsuga Canadensis. 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Juniperus prostrata. 
Thuya gigantea. 
Carya alba. 
Acer rubrum. 
Acer saccharinum. 
Deutzia crenata. 
Pinus sylvestris. 



252 



SC- 
32. 
33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 
37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 
41. 

42. 



Common Name 

Thunberg's Barberrv. 

Cut-leaved Weeping Euro- 
pe an White Birch. 

Norway Maple. 

Norway Spruce, 

Bhotan Pine. 

Panicled Dogwood. 

Panicled Dogwood. 

American White Ash. 

Tree Box or Boxwood. 

Bayberry, Wax Myrtle. 

Chinese Golden Larch. 

Plume-leaved Japan Ar- 
bor Vitas. 

Ninebark. 



43. Holly-leaved Barberry, 

Oregon Barberry, Ash- 
berry. 

44. Mugho Pine. 

45. Japan Cedar. 

46. Bald Cypress. 

47. Eastern Arbor Vitae. 

48. Cephalotaxus. 
4g. Black Cherry. 

50. Douglas Spruce. 

51. Red Cedar. 

52. Colorado Blue Spruce. 

53. Weeping European Larch. 

54. European White Birch. 

55. American white or Gray 

Birch. 

56. Japan Arbor Vitag (Var- 

iety squarrosa). 

57. Swiss Stone Pine. 

58. American or White Elm. 

59. Globe Flower, Japan Rose 

or Kerria (Double- 
flowered) . 

60. Moss Pink or Ground 

Pink. 

61. Weeping Golden Bell or 

Forsythia. 

62. Japan Yew. 



Botanical Name 

Bcrberis Thunhergii. 

Betula alba, var. pendula lac- 

iniata. 
Acer platanoides. 
Picea excelsa. 
Pintis excelsa. 
Cornus paniculata. 
Cornus paniculata. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Buxus sempervirens. 
Myrica cerifera. 
Pseudolarix Kcempferi. 
ChamcBcyparis (or Retinas- 

pora) pisifera, var. plumosa. 
Physocarpus (or Spircea) opu- 

lifolia. 
Mahonia aquifolia. 



Pinus Montana, var. Mughus. 
Cryptomeria Japonica. 
Taxodiuin Distichum. 
Thuya (or Biota) Orientalis. 
Cephalotaxus Fortunei. 
Prunus serotina. 
Pseudotsuga Douglasii. 
Juniperus Virginiana. 
Picea pungens. 
Larix Europcea, var. pendula. 
Betula alba. 
Betula populifolia. 

ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. squar- 
rosa. 

Pinus Cembra. 

Ulmus Americana. 

Kerria Japonica, var. flore 
plena. 

Phlox ubulata. 



Forsythia suspensa. 
Taxus adpressa. 



253 



Common Name 

63. White Pine. 

64. Cedar of Lebanon. 

65. English Yew. 

66. Lovely Azalea, partly sur- 

rounded by mass of 
Lily of the Valley Tree. 

67. Lily of the Valley Tree. 

68. High-bush Blueberry, 

Swamp Blueberry. 

69. Catesby's Andromeda. 

70. Cephalonian Silver Fir. 

71. Turkey Oak. 

72. American Sycamore, But- 

tonwood, Buttonball. 

73. European Bird Cherry. 

74. *Procumbent Juniper. 

75. Paper or Canoe Birch. 

76. Reeve's Spiraea. 

77. Ailanthus or Tree of 

Heaven. 

78. Adam's Needle. 

79. Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

80. Tartarian Honeysuckle. 

81. Douglas's Spircea. 

82. Irish Yew. 

83. Van Houtte's Spirsea. 

84. Norway Maple. 

85. Scaled Juniper, 

86. Swamp Dogwood, Silky 

Dogwood, Kinnikinnik. 
Sy. Paper Mulberry. 

88. European Purple Beech. 

89. Honey Locust. 

90. European Hornbeam. 

91. Rosemarj-leaved Willow. 

92. Oleaster or Wild Olive 

Tree. 
9 J. Cup Plant. 
94- Tartarian Honeysuckle 

(White flowers). 
95. L©mbardy Poplar. 



Botanical Name 

Pinus strohus. 
Cedrus Libani. 
Taxus baccata. 

Azalea ama^na and Andro- 
meda floribunda. 

Andromeda floribunda. 
Vaccinium corybosum. 

Andromeda (or Leucothoe) 

Catesbcei. 
Abies Cephalonica. 
Quercus cerris. 
Platanus Occidentalis. 

Prunus padus. 

Juniperus communis , var. pro- 

cum-bens. 
Betula papyrifera. 
SpircBa Reevesiana. 
Ailanthus glandulosus. 

Yucca filamentosa. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Lonicera Tartar ica. 
Spircea Douglasi. 
Taxus baccata, var. fastigiata. 
Spircea. Van Houttei. 
Acer platanoides. 
Juniperus' squamata. 
Cornus sericea. 

Broussonetia papyrifera. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur- 

purea. 
Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Car pinus betidus. 
Salix rosmarinifolia (or in- 

cana). 
Elceagnus angustifolia. 

Silphium perfoliatum. 
Lonicera Tartarica, var. alba. 

Populus dilatata. 



254 





Common Name 


Botanical Name 


96. 


Dog Rose, Canker Rose, 
Wild Brier. 


Rosa canina. 


97- 


Heather. 


Calluna vulgaris. 


98. 


Lovely Azalea. 


Azalea amoena. 


99- 


Common Snowball. 
Guelder Rose. 


Viburnum opulis, var. stcrilis. 


lOO. 


Savin Juniper. 


Juniperus sabina. 
Viburnum opulis (or oxycoc- 


lOI. 


Dwarf Cranberry. 






cus), var. nanum. 


I02. 


High-bush Cranberry. 


Viburnum opulis (or oxycoc- 

cus). 
Potentilla fruticosa. 


103. 


Shrubby Cinquefoil. 


104. 


Oriental Spruce. 


Picea Orientalis. 


105. 


Oleaster or Wild Olive 
Tree. 


Elceagnus angustifolia. 


106. 


Evergreen Thorn, Fire 
Thorn. 


CratcBgus pyracantha. 


107. 


English Yew (Variety 


Taxus baccata, var. elegantis- 




Elegantissima) . 


sima. 


108. 


Scotch Elm, Wych Elm. 


Ulmus Montana. 


109. 


Dog Rose, Canker Rose, 
Wild Brier. 


Rosa canina. 


IIO. 


Japan Holly. 


Ilex crenata. 


III. 


European Larch. 


Larix Euro pee a. 


112. 


Purple-flowering Rasp- 
berry. 
Alternate-leaved Dog- 


Rubus odoratus. 


113- 


Cornus alternifolia. 




wood. 




114. 


Smoke Tree. 


Rhus cotinus. 


115- 


Buttonbush. 


Cephalanthus Occidentalis. 


116. 


Reeve's Spiraea. 


Spircea Reevesiana. 



X. 



WEST SEVENTY-NINTH STREET TO WEST EIGHTY- 
SIXTH STREET 

In this Section you will find many interesting things. 
In a way, all its own, it is, I think, one of the most at- 
tractive parts of the Park. It is especially so along the 
Walk by the Reservoir, where you meet the beautiful 
Chinese golden larch, the interesting Japan cedar, the 
Cedar of Lebanon, and many others. 

Enter at the West Eighty-first Street Gate, take the 
Walk at your right, and proceed to the Swiss Cottage. 
Almost as you enter, you pass a good osage orange, on 
the right of the Walk. The lawn here swells up in a 
gentle rise of velvet and, crowning its ridge, a gnarled 
old hackberry twists its branches. You have, no doubt, 
by this time learned to know this tree on sight, from its 
trunk alone, covered as it is with warty ridges and 
knobs. Just to the northeast of this tree you will find 
an excellent specimen of the red mulberry, with large, 
thick leaves, which are rough on the uppersides, and 
of a dull, darkish green. Hovv^ different these are from 
the bright, glossy, green leaves of the white mulberry. 
You can tell this tree easily by its leaves, which are of 
the true mulberry cut, mitten shaped, with and without 
thumbs. Off to the east of the red mulberry, you will 
see European larch, full of its black cones. On your 
left, you will find, opposite a lamp-post by the Drive, 



256 

several small Nordmann's silver firs. You know them 
readily by their leaves, narrow, linear, about an inch 
long, with a small but very distinct cut or notch at the 
tip, and with fine, silvery lines on the undersides. Near 
the point of the Walk with the fork beyond, you will 
see another evergreen. It is the fourth from the end 
here and is a fair specimen of Oriental spruce. Note 
the difference between a leaf of this tree and a leaf of 
the Nordmann. The leaf of the spruce is four -sided, 
the leaf of the fir is Hat. This is one of the chief points 
of difference between the spruce and the fir. The foli- 
age of the Oriental spruce is dark green. Its leaves 
are very short, quarter of an inch, blunt and stubby. 
Next to the spruce you pass cockspur thorn, then 
Fontanesia, with willow-like leaves, and, in the angle 
of the fork made by the junction of the Walks, coral- 
berry or Indian currant. 

Continuing to the southeast, where this Walk crosses 
the Drive, you will find, on your left, European white 
birch ; on your right, Cephalotaxtis. Look at the un- 
dersides of these leaves. You see they are distinctly 
whitish. This is one of its distinguishing marks, by 
which you can immediately tell it from the English 
yew, the leaves of which its leaves closely resemble. 
The undersides of the yew's leaves are yellowish green. 

Cross the Drive, and take up the Walk, south, to the 
crossing that leads to the Swiss cottage. Just as you 
cross here to the Cottage, you have on your left, in the 
point of the bed between Walk and Drive, a good sized 
Austrian pine and a mass of beautiful Reeve's spiraea 
with rather lanceolate leaves. 




2; 



257 

At the Swiss Cottage follow the Walk that runs 
northerly beside the Drive. It will lead you by many 
beautiful things. In the rather long oval bed, in front 
of the Swiss Cottage, at its southerly end, you will see 
a well grown Norway maple, and near it a cut-leaved 
European white birch, with beautifully cut leaves. On 
the left of the Walk, set in the border bed between the 
Walk and the Drive, almost opposite the northerly end 
of the oval bed which we have just spoken of, in front 
of the Swiss Cottage, you will see several rather upright 
bushes. Their leaves at once tell you that they belong 
to the dogwood family. Their upright form of growth 
might lead you to suppose that they wcreCornns stricfa, 
but they are not. They a.veC.panicnlata. Note the whit- 
ish undersides of their leaves, which distinguishes them 
at once from C. stricta, whose undersides are greenish 
and not whitish. As you pass on, to the north, when 
you have come about midway between the panicled 
dogwood and the rock mass which comes down close 
to the Walk, ahead, on your right, take a good look at 
the handsome evergreen which stands back (east) a 
little and out upon the lawn. It is a splendid example 
of the Bhotan pine — one of the handsomest, if not the 
handsomest, specimen of its kind in the Park. It is 
nobly formed, with great broad reaches of boughs that 
are superb. The fine long leaves of this tree are so 
responsive to every breath of breeze that they are 
almost constantly in motion, rippling the sunlight in 
continuous waves of silvery sheen. The trunk of this 
tree has a noticeable tilt which gives it a leaning look, 
and which will easily mark it for you. Close by the 



258 

rock mass at the right of the Walk beyond, is a sturdy 
white or American ash. What a handsome strong 
bark it has! Do you catch the lozenge-Hke cut of its 
plates, made by the cross run of the ridges? If there 
is one tree that has a distinctive bark, it is our white ash. 
On the other side (northerly) of the rock, still on the 
right of the Walk, you will find a hale old hackberry, 
and beside it a good mass of box. Here the Walk be- 
gins to bend to the right (east) to meet the fork of 
the Walk that has run down close by the Reservoir. 
This is a lovely little spot in here and one which appeals 
to you strongly ; for it holds many very beautiful things. 
Here, tall and conical Retinosporas, of the lovely plume- 
leaved variety, rear their forms; here the wax-berry* 
and the Japan cedar will be found ; the Chinese golden 
larch and many others. But let us hunt them out. 

The tree here of especial interest is the Chinese gol- 
den larch. It is called Pseudolarix Kmnpferi. The 
designation Pseudolarix (false larch) has been put 
upon the tree by botanists, because it has the deciduous 
trick of larch, in dropping its leaves, but has not the 
larch habit of holding its cone. The cone of the larch 
proper is persistent, that is, clings as whole to its 
branch. The cone of the Pseudolarix is not at all 
persistent, but falls away in broken scales, like the 
cones of the firs. And speaking of these cones of 
the Pseudolarix, I do not think I have ever seen 
lovelier. They are like wax roses. You will have 
no difficulty in identifying the tree, for its leaves are 
very distinctive. These are gathered together in very 
pretty rosette-like clusters, and are noticeably saber- 




Chinese Golden Larch (Pscudolarix Kcsmpferi) 
Map 10. No. 40. 




^ 



259 

shaped. They are about two Inches long, flat, and 
Hnear, and are gently curved, like miniature sabers. 
They are of a pale green, when they first come out, 
in the spring, very beautiful to behold, but get a little 
darker, as the season advances. In the autumn they 
turn a pale golden yellow, whence the name, golden 
larch. Being of the larch character, the tree drops 
its leaves, and this occurs just after they have turned 
to their beautiful golden hue. See the tree then by 
all means. It is very beautiful. 

Right in the angle of the fork of the Walk here, 
you will find ninebark. Diagonally across from it, to 
the southwest, near the west border of the Walk (the 
one forming the left branch of the fork here), you 
will find bayberry or wax-myrtle. It is easily known 
by its leaves, which are very fragrant. Rub them, 
and then smell of your fingers. The leaves are lance- 
oblong and are entire, generally. As they grow older, 
they become glossy on the uppersides. Clustered in 
a noticeable way along its branches, you will find the 
berry which gives the shrub its name — bayberry or 
wax-myrtle. They are clustered together in little 
bunches. The berries themselves are not very large — 
smaller than small peas, and are all crusted over with 
greenish-white wax. The shrub belongs to the sweet 
gale family, Myricaceco. 

Diagonally across from the ninebark again, but to 
the northwest, close by the westerly side of the Walk, 
just beyond the fork, is a good specimen of the Japan 
cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica), which you met with, 
down in the Ramble. Note their four-sided, stiffish. 



26o 

curved leaves, v^hich, sessile at the base, taper grad- 
ually dov^n to a sharp tip. Directly opposite the 
Cryptonieria, you will find Mugho pine, with thick, 
short leaves about two inches long, stiff, dark green, 
twisted, two together in a sheath or fascicle. The 
Mugho is on the right of the Walk. 

As you go northerly, you pass Mahonia, with holly- 
like leaves, and back of it, a handsome mass of Cephalo- 
taxus, with leaves whitish on the undersides. Back 
of this (east of it) stands Thuya (or Biota) Orien- 
talis, with small leaves, pressed flat, of a bright green 
hue. These leaves are rhombic - egg - shaped, sharp- 
pointed, and have a small gland on the back. The 
tree is tall and rather thin of foliage. At the next 
fork of the Walk, is red cedar, on the right, and Ret- 
inospora plumosa, on the left. 

It is worth your while, here, to turn off, for a 
moment, and follow the branch that slips oflf to the 
left, under the arch beneath the Drive, to see the 
Thuya gigantea and the rich mass of prostrate juniper, 
both on the westerly border of the Bridle Path, south 
of the Arch. You can locate them easily by the map. 
The Thuya has leaves larger than the common Amer- 
ican arbor vitas, and the juniper should be seen in 
winter. Then it is of a rich velvety dark green. The 
mass here creeps and trails over rocks, close by the 
Bridle Path, and its color is truly beautiful. It is 
close by a black haw. 

Continue now, northerly, along the Walk by the 
Reservoir. Almost in line with the first lamp on the 
Bridle Path (see the map) is white pine. This is 




u 



26l 

close by the westerly border of the Walk. A little 
beyond the pine, north, is a cluster of three. The 
first is white ash; the second, plumosa; the third is 
Taxus adpressa. The Taxus stands midway west of 
the ash and the phtmosa. It has very closely ap- 
pressed leaves. In line with the next lamp on the 
Bridle Path, close by the Walk, is Cedar of Lebanon. 
You can know it by its leaves, which are gathered in 
rosette-like bundles. The individual leaves are sharp- 
pointed, needle-like and quite stiff. Beyond, a little 
back on the lawn, are two beautiful golden-leaved 
varieties of the plume-leaved Retinospora. At the 
next fork, there is an interesting triangle. At its 
southerly corner is Nordman's silver fir; at its east- 
erly, Chinese juniper, with stiff, sharp leaves; at its 
westerly, a beautiful Retinospora sqitarrosa. The 
sqitarrosa gets its name from the rather square-like 
way its soft leaves grow out from the branch. It is 
a beautiful shrub, with soft silvery green foliage. In 
winter it often turns, in parts, a delicate copperish or 
reddish bronze which is very beautiful through its 
silvery green. There is another mass of this, just 
across the Walk, at the north, back of the Yucca. 
Across from the sqitarrosa in the west angle of the 
triangle here, you will find Van Houtte's spiraea, and 
back of this spiraea, a fair specimen of the Douglas 
spiraea, with reddish brown branches, and leaves 
densely white on the undersides. 

Continue along the Walk, to the Drive Crossing 
above, cross the Drive, and take the Walk that leads 
to Bolivar Hill. On the way, near the next fork of 



262 



the Walk, you pass a fine display of paper mulberries. 
These lean out from the rock, off to the south of the 
Walk, and are very handsome with their gray banded 
bark and curiously cut leaves. Thp one at the easterly 
end of the large rock here is very handsome. Note 
the bands of darker hue on their bark. Southeast of 
this rock, out upon the lawn, you will find a splendid 
mass of the scaled juniper. It is a low, trailing 
growth, and is about in line with a white pine, on the 
east, and a lamp by the Bridle Path, on the west. 
You will know it easily by its low, trailing growth, 
and thick moss-like foliage. Its leaves are small, 
linear-lanceolate, sharp-pointed, and convex on the 
outer sides. They are glaucous on the undersides; 
green on the uppersides. These leaves are generally 
in threes, and rather loosely pressed together. This 
gives the branches a pretty, tufty appearance. The 
mass here is very handsome, and it is thriving in a 
way that delights your heart. This is the same kind 
of low juniper you met near the Terrace, on its west- 
erly ridge. 

At the fork of the Walk, beyond the paper mul- 
berries, you will find Austrian pines, and off to the 
left of the one on the east of the Walk, you will come 
upon a lusty young purple beech. Where this branch 
of Walk (the left one) meets the Drive, an American 
hornbeam stands in the left corner, and a honey locust 
in the right. Cross the Drive and take up the path 
again toward Bolivar Hill. On your left, near the 
corner of the Walk here, just after you have crossed 
the Drive, you will see some low shrubs with very 



|rf^5p-^: 




Q:; ^ 



^^ d 

> 
w 
w 




Swiss Stone Pine (Piniis Cemhra) 
Map 10. No. 57. 



263 

thin, narrow leaves. If you look at these leaves closely, 
you will see that their margins are slightly rolled 
over (revolute). They are Rosemary-leaved willows, 
some handsome examples of which you met down on 
Section No. 5, near the Conservatory Lake. In the 
angle of the fork, beyond, is Tartarian honeysuckle 
which blooms with white flowers. This is variety 
alba. On the left, as you turn to go south, toward 
Bolivar Hill, you pass some young Lombardy poplars, 
with close-hugged branches and small, broad-deltoid 
leaves. 

Continue on this Walk, up the Hill, and, on the 
right of the Walk (west), about opposite the Bolivar 
Statue, you will see a goodly cluster of common snow- 
balls. Where the arm of Drive comes in here, at the 
north, in its southwest corner, you will find Rosa 
canina, the Dog Rose, Canker Rose, or Wild Brier. 
Its leaflets are five to seven, obtuse at base and tip, 
of an oval shape, and about an inch and a half long. 
They are of rather thickish texture, smooth above, and 
frequently downy on the undersides. The flowers, 
light pink, occur solitary or in clusters of threes. The 
hips are about three-quarters of an inch long, egg- 
shaped, and of a brilliant orange-red, often scarlet. 
The shrub's recurving branches are beset with hooked 
prickles. Off to the northeast of the Dog Rose, trail- 
ing down over the east side of this arm of Drive, is 
another rich mass of the scaled juniper. A lamp stands 
on the east border of the Drive encircling Bolivar 
Statue, about opposite the Dog Rose. Close by this 
lamp is a sturdy Colorado blue spruce. Follow this 



264 

border of the Drive, southerly, and a little southeast, 
of Bolivar Statue, on the border, you will find Elcc- 
agnus angustifolia, the oleaster, with entire, lanceolate 
leaves which have a very distinctive silvery cast 
through their pale gray green. You have met a good 
specimen of this on Section No. 2. Down the slope 
of the Hill here, a little east of the place where the 
Drive makes its exit from around Bolivar Statue to 
the south, you will find fire-thorn, a specimen of which 
you met down near the Sheepfold, on Section No. 4. 
On the border of the bed, to the south of Bolivar 
Statue, are clustered close together, Jimiperus sabina; 
Vihiirnum opulis (or oxyccocus), var. naniim; Vi- 
burnum pulls (or oxyccocus), and Potcntllla friitl- 
cosa. The savin juniper here (sabina), is a trailing 
one, with dark green, slightly spreading, awl-shaped, 
sharp-pointed leaves. It is a native of the Alps, the 
Pyrenees, and Canada. Southwest of this juniper 
is the dwarf cranberry bush (Vlburmim opulis, var. 
nanuni) with small leaves and of rather compact form; 
almost due east of this is shrubby cinquefoil (Poten- 
tilla frtificosa), and directly north of this, close by 
the border of the open space of Drive which encircles 
the Bolivar Statue, is the high bush cranberry. This 
has more name than height. You can tell it by its 
leaves, which are distinctly three-lobed and three- 
nerved (veined). 

. As the Drive makes its exit at the south of the 
little concourse about the Bolivar Statue, it winds 
slowly down the Hill to meet the main West Drive. 
Near its junction with the Drive, there is a handsome 




Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus Libani) 
Map 10. No. 64. 



265 

Cedar of Lebanon. This beautiful tree spreads out 
its darkly foliaged boughs, just east of a good-sized 
white ash, with a low dense mass of the eleganfissima 
variety of the English yew, to the north of it, and a 
pretty, lusty young fire-thorn south of it. 

If you should follow the Walk from the south of 
the Bolivar Concourse, at the place where it bends 
around quite quickly in a curve to the east, you will 
pass a cluster of European larches on your left, with 
an Oriental spruce on your right. The larches have 
black persistent cones clinging amid their branches, 
and rosette-like clusters of leaves. These leaves are 
about an inch long, are soft, flat and linear, and of a 
light tender green, very beautiful in spring. The 
spruce has stout, thick, obtuse, four-sided leaves which 
are scarcely a quarter of an inch long. So you can 
make no mistake about these trees. 

At the next fork of the Walk, turn to your right, 
and go southerly to the next branch, which is at the 
Drive Crossing, not far from the Eighty-first Street 
Gate, where we entered for this ramble. At the Drive 
Crossing, in either corner of the Walk there, you will 
find large masses of the pretty Fontanesia, easily rec- 
ognized by its willow-like leaves. The Fontanesia be- 
longs to the Oleacece family and as has been said before, 
gets its name from Desfontaines, a French botanist, 
born 1752 and died 1833. The shrub has opposite, 
narrow, willow-like leaves, which are entire. It is a 
Chinese importation and, in the Park here, is certainly 
thriving. It blooms in May or June in short panicles 
at the ends of the branches. The panicles are made up 



266 

of cream-white, perfect flowers, with four petals. To 
the west of the westerly Fontanesia is a good clump of 
Van Houtte's spiraea, and with this we will end our 
ramble over this Section. 



J-^ 




3-'^' 






3- 



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N9II 

EAST 90™ ST 



V- mm vyiic 

92^'' ST. 



<^9is^ ST 






90^»ST 



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Explanations, Map No. 11 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



1. Day Lily (Orange-red Hemerocallis julva 

2. flowers). 
Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

3. Sycamore Maple. 

4. Honey Locust. 

5. English Hawthorn. 

6. Scotch Elm. 



7. Common Barberry, 



II. 
12. 



Pin Oak. 

English Elm. 
Smooth-leaved English 

Elm. 
Turkey Oak. 
European Silver Linden, 



Gymnocladus Canadensis. 

Acer pseudoplatanus. 

Gleditschia trtacanthos. 

Cratcogus oxyacantha. 

Ulmus Montana. 

Berberis vulgaris. 

Quercus palustris. 

Ulmus campestris. 

Ulmus campestris, var. Iccvis 

(or glabra). 
Quercus c err is. 

Tilia Europcca, var. argentea 
(or alba). 



XL 

EAST NINETIETH STREET AND VICINITY. 

There is nothing in this Section which you have not 
met before, if you have followed the rambles in the 
earlier part of this book, but there are some things 
here worthy of your notice as you pass along the 
Walks. 

As you enter at the East Ninetieth Street Gate, and 
take the Walk, at your right, which runs northerly 
beside the Drive, you will pass beneath a splendid 
colonade of sycamore maples. Almost the whole 
stretch of the Walk, up to where it bends away to 
the west, is lined with these maples, and they are in 
fine condition. Note the thick, five-lobed leaves, with 
their reddish (usually, though not always) leaf -stems 
(petioles). 

Directly in front (west) of the Ninetieth Street 
Gate, there is a bed between Drive and Bridle Path. 
On the southerly end of this bed you will find sycamore 
maple and common barberry; at its northerly end 
sycamore maple again. Down at the extreme south 
of this area (see the map), on the westerly border of 
the Drive, nearly opposite Eighty-seventh Street, you 
w^ill see a pretty clump of the day lily {HemerocalUs 
fulva), which blooms in late July or early August 
with orange-hued flowers. You can readily recognize 
it by its leaves wdiich, bending and lance-like, make 
you think of thick sedge grass. There is another 
clump of this down on Section No. 9, near the border 
of the Drive. 



Explanations, Map No. 12 



Common Name 

1. Chinese Cork Tree. 

2. Black Haw. 

3. Ninebark. 



9- 
10. 
II. 

12. 

13- 
14. 

15- 
16. 

17- 



19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 

23- 
24. 

25- 
26. 

27. 
28. 
29. 

30- 
31- 



Lombardy Poplar. 

Cut-leaved Weeping Euro- 
pean White Birch. 

Japan Shadbush. 

Japan Snowball. 

Thunberg's or Japan Bar- 
berry. 

Wild Red Osier. 

Austrian Pine. 

Plume-leaved Japan Ar- 
bor Vit£e. 

Weigela. 

Reeve's Spiraea. 

Tree Box or Boxwood. 

Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

White Pine 

American White or Gray 
Birch. 

Scotch Pine. 

Norway Maple. 

Yellow Pine. 

Bhotan Pine. 

Turkey Oak. 

Siberian Pea Tree, 

Cockspur Thorn. 

Large-thorned Hawthorn. 

English Hawthorn. 

Common Quince. 

Red or River Birch, 
Black Birch. 

Chinese Juniper. 

Sea Buckthorn. 



Botanical Name 

Phellodendron Amurense. 
Viburnum prunifolium. 
Physocarpus (or SpircBo) opu- 

lifolia. 
Populus dilatata. 
Betula alba, var, pendtda la- 

ciniata. 
Amelanchier Japonica. 
Viburnum plicatum. 
Berberis Thunbergii. 

Cornus stolonifera. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa. 
Diervilla grandiflora. 
Spiraea Reevesiana. 
Buxus sempervirens. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Pinus strobus. 
Betula populifolia. 

Pinus sylvestris. 
Acer platanoides. 
Pinus mitis. 
Pinus excels a. 
Quercus cerris. 
Caragana arborescens. 
CratcBgus crus-galli. 
CratcEgus macracantha. 
CratcBgus oxyacayitha. 
Cydonia vulgaris. 
Betula nigra. 

Juniperus Chinensis. 
Hippophae rhamnoides. 



274 



Common Name 

32. Shadbush, June Berry or 

Service Berry. 

33. Ginkgo Tree. 

34. Nordniann's Silver Fir. 

35. English Yew. 

36. Tulip Tree. 

37. Mugho Pine. 

38. White Mulberry. 

39. Norway Spruce. 

40. Swamp White Oak. 

41. Indian Currant or Coral 

Berry. 

42. Red Maple. 

43. Holly-leaved Barberry, 

Oregon Barberry, Ash- 
berry. 

44. Golden Plume-leaved 

Japan Arbor Vit£e. 



Oriental Plane Tree. 

Common Horsechestnut. 

European White Birch. 

American White Ash. 

Common Swamp Blue- 
berry, High- Bush Blue- 
berry. 

American Arbor Vitae. 

European White Birch. 

52. Black Cherry. 

53. Tree Box, Boxwood. 
Paulownia. 
Indian Bean Tree or 

Southern Catalpa. 
Prostrate English Yew. 
Pin Oak. 
European Ash. 
Sassafras. 

60. Red Oak. 

61. Svcamore Maple. 

62. Rhodo typos. 



45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 
49. 



50- 
51- 



54- 
55- 

56. 

57- 
58. 
59- 



Botanical Name 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Salisburia adiantifolia. 
Abies Nordmanniana. 
Taxus baccata. 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Finns Montana, var. Mughus. 
Morus alba. 
Picea excelsa. 
Quercus bicolor. 
Symphoricarpos vulgaris. 

Acer rubrum. 
Mahonia aquifolia. 



Chamcecyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa 
aurea. 

Platanus Orientalis. 

ALscmIus hippocastanum. 

Betula alba. 

Fraxinus Americana. 

Vaccinium corymbosum. 



Thuya Occidentalis. 
Betula alba. 
Frunus serotina. 
Buxus sempervirens. 
Faulownia imperialis. 
Catalpa bignonioides . 

Taxus baccata, var. prostrata. 
Quercus palustris. 
Fraxinus excelsior. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Quercus rubra. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Rhodotypos kerriodes. 



XII. 

WEST NINETIETH STREET AND VICINITY 

As you take the Walk at West Ninetieth Street, 
southerly side of the Drive, and follow it around to 
where it passes under the Drive through an Archway, 
you will have a good chance to examine Chinese cork 
trees, for there are some specimens of them on the 
right of the Walk, just as it descends to pass beneath 
the Arch. You can know them by their long, com- 
pound leaves, which closely resemble those of the 
ailanthus. If you pass through the Arch and follow 
this path around to the junction with the Drive Walk, 
at its junction, in the left or northwest corner, stand- 
ing close together, you will find a good-sized red birch, 
with rough bark and rhombic ovate leaves, and a 
Chinese juniper with stiff, sharp-pointed, awl-shaped 
and scale-shaped (on some of its branchlets) leaves. 
They are both interesting studies. 

Across the Drive from these, a little south of east, 
close by the border of the Drive itself, you will find 
sea buckthorn, a tall, sparse shrub, with very small, 
narrow leaves which are grayish green on the upper- 
sides, but silvery beneath. There are also, generally, 
reddish scales on the undersides. In May the shrub 
puts out its small, two to three-clustered, yellowish 
flowers, and these change into bitter orange berries, 



276 

which are ripe In September. If you look on the 
branches of this shrub you will find them often armed 
with small thorns. 

Follow the Walk that runs nearly parallel with the 
Drive, northerly, climbing an easy rise of ground, over 
several series of rock-cut steps. At the west of the 
last steps a handsome gingko stands with its up- 
stretched branches and beautiful fan-shaped leaves. 
Just beyond this, the Walk swells out into a little bay. 
Along its easterly side are tall, conical masses of the 
plume-leaved Japan arbor vitse, with lovely plume- 
like leaves. I do not think that any other of the 
Retinosporas can compare with this one, for fineness 
of leaves. They are delicacy itself. Over in the 
northwesterly bend of the bay you will find a fair- 
sized Nordmann's silver fir. This you can know by 
its leaves — flat, linear, notched distinctly at the ends, 
and marked with silvery lines on the undersides. 

Beyond this Retinospora-lined path, the Walk sends 
off a short arm to the east, to cross the Drive toward 
the Reservoir, and a little north of the place where it 
branches off, you will find, on the west of the Walk, 
your right, a splendid type of the Bhotan pine. This 
is a lovely tree. Its slender leaves seem to hang in 
tassels or bunches, and the light quivers and shimmers 
over them at every breath of breeze. They seem ever 
rippling with this tremulous play of light when the 
sunshine and the breeze are upon them, and the effect 
is certainly very beautiful. Sometimes if you stand 
off and look at the tree, as a whole. It seems to be 
letting fall a continuous cascade of rippling gold and 



277 

silver. This is the peculiar charm of the Bhotan, and 
is due to its very long (ten inches or more) needles 
which are so fine and slender that they dance at the 
slightest zephyr. These leaves are five in a fascicle 
or bundle. 

Continue along this Walk until it next meets the 
Drive. In its left-hand corner, close by the Drive, 
you will see a low, sprawling growth. Its flat, pointed, 
two-ranked leaves, dark green above, yellowish-green 
on the undersides, tell you it is of the English yew 
stock. It is the prostrate yew, and grows in this low 
sprawling, crab-like way. 

Cross the Drive here and take up the Walk on the 
other side. Two handsome pin oaks guard its either 
corner. Follow the Walk on, to its branching, and 
take the right fork, to the next branch, which sends 
off its left fork to the north. In the angle of this 
fork you will find Norway maple. If you take the left 
(northerly) branch here, and follow it along a little, 
you will pass, back from the Walk, a short distance, 
up a gentle slope of bank, two ash trees. They are 
interesting, because they are good types of the Amer- 
ican ash and the European ash, growing side by side, 
and so are easily accessible for comparison and study. 
The one to the north is the American species (with 
stalked leaflets), the one to the south is the European 
species (with leaflets almost sessile). 

Let us come back now to the West Ninetieth Street 
Gate, and take the Walk that trends southerly. Al- 
most as you turn off to the right, you are half hidden 
by the masses of shrubberies that rise on either side of 



278 

the Walk. Here, set on the Walk is an "island" of 
green things, with a mass of nincbark at one end 
(northerly), and at the other (southerly), Japan shad- 
bush and Japan snowball. These you have met with 
before, and we need not linger over them. Beyond, 
the Walk opens out into a broad space, close to the 
Drive. The beds, between Walk and Drive, end here 
in two tongues. In the northerly tongue is Reeve's 
spiraea with lanceolate leaves, and in the end of the 
southerly tongue is a handsome mass of box, with its 
beautiful dark green leaves. South of this is a rugged 
old Austrian pine with a couple of Scotch pines to the 
south of it, nearer the Walk. The Scotch pines have 
short, twisted leaves, the Austrian, long stiffish ones. 

If you continue on this Walk, southerly, not very 
nuich further beyond the Scotch pines, is white pine. 
These are all on the left (east) of the Walk. About 
the distance of the white pine from the mass of box, 
just passed, as you go southerly along the Walk, you 
will come, on your left, to a tall, thin looking ever- 
green which seems to be just about holding its own. 
It looks something like the Austrian pine, but is of 
a finer expression — softer by far. It rises rather 
conically, and its sprays are open, light and airy, very 
diflferent from the heavy dense masses of the Austrian's 
foliage. It is P'uiiis mitis, and its leaves are about 
five inches long, slender and green. They are gathered 
three or two (usually two) together in a fascicle. 
The cone of the tree is about the size of the Austrian 
cone (three inches), and looks something like it. It 
has small weak prickles. 



279 

Follow the path still southerly, and quite a little 
distance further along, where the path bends to the 
Drive, you pass close by the Walk, with leaves in hang- 
ing tassels that remind you of the tassels of Russian 
sleighs, a handsome Bhotan pine. This is a well- 
grown tree, and spreads its boughs out in a broad and 
splendid shade. It is a noble tree. Note that its 
leaves are five in a bundle, and long. Beyond, another 
Austrian pine overshadows the Walk, and near the 
place where the Walk comes in close to the Drive, 
you pass several very fine specimens of the Turkey 
oak. Cross the Drive, just beyond these, and take 
the Walk that leads to the Bridge over the Bridle 
Path. Just beyond the Drive, on the left of the Walk, 
as you go easterly, is common quince. Note its leaves 
and compare them with those of the Japan quince. If 
you follow the Path to the Bridge, down by the Bridle 
Path, close by the southerly border, are some good 
examples of CratcBgiis macracantha, with strong thorns 
and oval glossy leaves. At the east of the Bridge, 
down by the border of the Bridle Path, you will find 
a clump of English hawthorns. 

The English hawthorns are clustered close together, 
just east of the Bridge which spans the Bridle Path. 
A little oflf to west of this Bridge, close down by 
the very border of the Bridle Path itself, you will find 
a very handsome cockspur thorn with dark-green, 
glossy, shining, thick and leathery (coriaceous) leaves 
which make you think of miniature tennis racquets. 
This tree fairly bristles with thorns. It stands diag- 
onally across from the handsome large-thorned haw- 



28o 

thorns that flank the southerly border of the Bridle 
Path here. You can note here the different character- 
istics of these two very beautiful kinds of hawthorn. 
While you are here, notice the many handsome Turkey 
oaks in this vicinity. 





S^\| ^ >t- "^ 



CM 



^^K?/f 



Hl&ON 



HIJ/J K 




Explanations, Map No. 13 



Common Name 



Botanical Name 



9- 
lo. 
II. 

12. 

13- 
14. 

IS- 
16. 

17- 
18. 
19. 



21. 

22. 

23- 
24. 

25. 
26. 
27. 

28. 



Honey Locust. 

Sycamore Maple. 

Common Horsechestnut. 

Red Birch, River Birch, 
Black Birch. 

Weeping European Silver 
Linden. 

Norway Maple. 

American White or Gray 
Birch. 

Sugar or Rock Maple. 

American or White Elm. 

Oriental Plane Tree. 

Copper Beech. 

Hackberry, Sugarberry, 
Nettle Tree. 

Cornelian Cherry. 

American Linden, Bass- 
wood, Bee Tree. 

Sweet Gum or Bilsted. 

Reeve's Spiraea. 

Pignut Hickory. 

European Elder. 

Ramanas Rose, Japan 
Rose. 

Mockemut or Whiteheart 
Hickory. 

European Beech. 

Black Cherry. 

European Linden. 

Hop Hornbeam or Iron- 
wood. 

English Oak. 

European Beech. 

Indian Bean Tree or 
Southern Catalpa. 

Turkey Oak. 



Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Acer pseudoplatanus . 
Msculus hippocastanum. 
Betula nigra. 

Tilia Europcsa, var. argentea 

(or alha) pendula. 
Acer platan oides. 
Betula populifolia. 

Acer saccharinum. 
Ulmus Americana. 
Platanus Orientalis. 
Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea. 
Celtis Occidentalis. 

Cornus mascula. 
Tilia Americana. 

Liquidambar styraciflua. 
Spircea Reevesiana. 
Gary a porcina. 
Sambucus nigra. 
Rosa rugosa. 

Carya tomentosa. 

Fagus sylvatica. 
Prunus serotina. 
Tilia Europcea. 
Ostrya Virginica. 

Quercus robur. 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Catalpa bignonioides. 

Quercus cerris. 



286 



29. 

30. 
31- 
32- 
33- 
34- 
35- 
36. 

37- 

38. 
39- 

40. 

41. 

42. 



43- 
44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 

49- 
50- 
51- 

52. 

53- 

54- 
55- 



Common Name 

American White or Gray 

Birch. 
Tulip Tree. 

European Bird Cherry, 
Witch Hazel. 
Pin Oak. 
Sassafras. 
Scarlet Oak. 
Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 

White Thorn. 
Ninebark. 

Red Maple. 

Ailanthus or Tree of 
Heaven. 

Sweet Viburnum, Sheep- 
berry, Nanny berry. 

Standish's Honeysuckle. 

Hercules's Club, Devil's 
Walking-Stick, Angel- 
ica Tree. 

Silver or White Maple. 

Fragrant Honeysuckle. 

Weeping European Silver 
Linden. 

European Silver Linden. 

Black Haw. 

Arrowwood. 

Red Oak. 

English Hawthorn. 

Swamp White Oak. 

Black Sugar Maple, Black 

Maple. 
Sweet Birch, Black Birch, 

Cherry Birch. 
Shagbark Hickory. 
Butternut. 



Botanical Name 
Betula popuUfolia. 

Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Prunus padus. 
Hainamclis Virginiana. 
Quercus palustris. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Quercus coccinea. 
Crater gus coccinea. 

Physocarpos (or Spircca) opii- 
lifolia. 

Acer rubrum. 
Ailanthus glandulosus. 

Viburnum lent ago. 

Lonicera Standishii. 
Aralia spinosa. 



Acer dasycarpum. 

Lonicera fragrantissima. 

Tilia Etiropcsa, var. argentea 
(or alba) pendida. 

Tilia Europcea, var. argentea 
(or alba). 

Viburmim prunifolium. 

Viburnum dentatum. 

Quercus rubra. 

CratcEgus oxyacantha. 

Quercus bicolor. 

Acer saccharimim, var. ni- 
grum. 

Betida lenta. 

Gary a alba. 
Juglans cinerea. 



XIIL 

EAST NINETY-SIXTH STREET TO EAST ONE HUNDRED 
AND SECOND STREET 

As has been said before, if you have followed these 
rambles, in the order of the book, you will readily 
recognize most of the trees and shrubs of this Section 
on sight. But there are some of them over which 
you may well linger, and to these few your attention 
is hereby called, in the spirit that Walton would have 
invited you to a day's angling — be in no hurry, ob- 
serve quietly, and learn and love, for they are dear 
fellows — all of them. Learn to know them as friends. 

Acer saccharinum, var. nigrum. {Black Sugar 
Maple. No. 52.) This interesting variety of the sugar 
maple will be found along the Walk that branches off to 
the west from the Drive, just as the Drive passes over 
Transverse Road No. 4. This Walk skirts the east- 
erly side of North Meadow, and runs about parallel 
with East Drive. Follow this Walk along until you 
come to a large mass of rock on the right (east) of 
the Walk. This mass is about opposite East One 
Hundredth Street, were it extended into the Park. 
It is the second rock mass you meet, going northerly 
on this Walk, and the black maple is just beyond it, 
on the left of the Walk (west). This tree makes a 
triangle with two swamp white oaks, back (west) of 
it ; the black maple is in the point of the triangle, and 
the two swamp white oaks make its opposite side. 



288 

The leaves of this tree are much larger than those 
of the sugar maple, and often droop conspicuously at 
the ends like the leaves of the Norway maple. That 
you may make no mistake about this tree, you pass, 
after the rock mass spoken of above, but on your 
left (the rock mass is on your right), a Turkey oak, 
and, beyond it, a fine red oak. The Turkey oak has 
dark, black, heavily ridged bark; the red has rather 
smoothish (compared with the Turkey), smoky, or 
slaty-gray bark. The leaves of the red oak are bristle- 
tipped at the lobes. The lobes of the Turkey oak are 
angulated. 

Alalia spinosa. {Hercules's Club. Devil's Walk- 
ing Stick. Angelica Tree. No. 42.) You will find 
a small cluster of these odd looking shrubs close by 
the Walk, just as it bends away from the Drive, to 
the west, at the place where the Drive passes over 
Transverse Road No. 4. You can pick them out easily 
by the fierce spines that bristle out all over their 
stems. Truly they are well named — Devil's Walking 
Stick. The leaves are quite large, compound (twice 
or thrice odd-pinnate), and clustered at the ends of 
the branches. The leaflets are ovate, pointed, glaucous 
on the undersides, and have serrated margins. In 
July or August the shrub flowers, in large, conspic- 
uous panicles of many-flowered umbels — white or 
greenish. These change in September to conspicuous 
clusters of cool crimson berries, about quarter of an 
inch in diameter. These berries are quite distinctly 
five-ribbed, and are certainly very pretty to look upon 
at this season (fall) of the year. 



289 

Fagus sylvatica. (European Beech. No. 21.) This 
is indeed a splendid gathering of the European beech — ■ 
a veritable grove of them. They are all doing well, 
and are remarkably healthy and lusty. Come upon 
them in spring, when they are setting their boughs 
with that peculiar delicate, tender green which only 
the beech can show. No other tree can compare, in 
spring leafage, with the tender green of the beech. 
If you don't believe it, stand under a beech at this 
season of the year and look up through the young 
leaves at the sunshine. Can anything equal that glory 
of illumined green ! There is a tender translucency 
of light, that seems to hallow and sanctify, as it passes 
through; an ethereal quality, that seems almost fairy- 
like and full of things that cannot be described. And 
in summer these trees are quite as lovable. Then the 
bright, light green grows deeper and richer. The 
European beech differs from our native beech in one 
very marked and easily distinguishable feature — in its 
leaves. Look at the margin of the leaf. The leaf of 
the European is not toothed, the leaf of the American 
is very strongly toothed, the teeth terminating the 
veins. If you will remember this, you can distinguish 
between the two trees at a glance. In addition, the 
leaf of the European is very hairy (ciliate) all along 
the entire margin. Again the European has a gray 
bark, darker than the very light gray of our native 
beech. The habit of growth is usually different also. 
The European branches lower, and has a more squat 
and thickset look, while the branches reach out more 
horizontally. You will find this really handsome grove 



290 

by taking the Walk on the east of the Drive, where it 
passes over Transverse Road No. 4. The Walk forks 
just a little beyond the Transverse Road, and its west- 
erly Branch will bring you beneath the green canopies 
of this delightful grove. 

Prunus padus. {European Bird Cherry. No. 31.) 
On the westerly end of the little triangular-shaped bit 
of ground that stands like an island on the Drive, just 
as the latter crosses Transverse Road No. 4, you will 
find a pretty fair specimen of this tree. The trian- 
gular "island" is at the west branch of the Drive, just 
before it passes over the Transverse Road, and the 
bird cherry is on its westerly corner, back of a tulip 
tree. The tulip tree is on the point of the triangle, 
and you can tell it by its leaves, which seem to be 
shorn off straight across the top in a very peculiar 
way. The bird cherry is a small sized tree, with leaves 
and flowers much like those of the choke cherry, ex- 
cept that the flowers, which occur in drooping racemes, 
are longer and larger than those of the choke cherry. 
In addition they are very fragrant, while those of the 
choke cherry are anything but that. The leaves of the 
bird cherry are about four inches long, and obovate in 
shape, with bases unequally heart-shaped. They are 
sharply and doubly serrate. 

Sambucus nigra. {European Elder. No. 18.) As 
you enter the Park at East One Hundred and Second 
Street, and take the first left-hand (southerly) Walk, 
close by the third series of steps, low down at your 
left, as you go south, you will find this mass. Its 
leaves are made up of five to nine leaflets. In June 



291 

it is covered with flat-topped cymes, which are five- 
rayed, and these are succeeded by black berries. 

Viburnum lentago. (Shcepberry. Nanny-berry. 
No. 40.) If you follow the Drive northerly, you will 
find, on your right, a good-sized rock mass, about half 
way between the first and second branching of the 
Drive. The rock is about in line with Blast One Hun- 
dredth Street. In the very shoulder of this rock, close 
by the Drive, is this good specimen of nanny-berry. 
It is a small-sized tree — about the proportions of the 
black haw, with broadly ovate leaves that come down 
to a long point. The leaves are simple, and opposite 
to each other on the branch — as are the leaves of all 
the Viburnums. Notice also the long leaf-stems, which 
are wavy-margined and grooved. In the fall you will 
see the tree hung full of fruit, clusters of oval ber- 
ries, each about half an inch long, blue-black in color, 
covered with a bloom. They are sweet and edible. 
The berry stone is flat, oval, thin, and marked faintly 
by groovings that run lengthwise across its flat sides. 
The tree flowers in May or June, with the white, flat- 
topped cymes characteristic of the Viburnums. 

While you are in this vicinity you should have a look 
at the butternut tree, which is not far away. Follow 
the east border of the Drive northerly until you come 
to another rock mass. Just east of this rock you will 
find the tree. It is, if I remember rightly, about the 
best specimen of butternut in the Park. For some 
reason, none of them, is doing very well. The speci- 
men here is rather a low tree, with the light gray bark 
that is characteristic of the butternut. Its leaves are 



292 

compound and made up of from eleven to nineteen leaf- 
lets, which are oblong-lanceolate and sharp pointed. 
The peculiar generic name of the tree, Juglans, is 
derived from the Latin words Jovis, glans, nut of Jove 
(Jupiter). 



Explanations, Map No. 14 





Common Name 


Botanical Name 


I. 


Lombardy Poplar. 


Populus dilatata. 


2. 


Crimean Linden. 


Tilia dasystyla. 


3- 


Pin Oak. 


Quercus palustris. 


4- 


English Elm. 


Ulnius campestris. 


5- 


Sugar or Rock Maple. 


Acer saccharinum. 


6. 


Norway Maple. 


Acer platanoides. 


7- 


Thunberg's Spindle Tree, 


Euonymus Thunhergianus (or 




Winged Spindle Tree. 


alatus) . 


8. 


American or White Elm. 


Ulmus Americana. 


9- 


Japonicum or Japan Vi- 
burnum. 


Viburnum tomentosum. 


lO. 


Fragrant Honeysuckle. 


Lonicera fragrantissima. 


II. 


Red Maple. 


Acer rubrum. 


12. 


American Cork Elm, Rock 
Elm. 


Ulmus racemosa. 


13- 


Holly-leaved Barberry, 
Oregon Barberry, Ash- 
berry. 


Mahonia aquifolia. 


14- 


Rhodotypos. 


Rhodotypos kerrioides. 


15- 


Sorrell Tree, Sourwood. 


Oxydendrum (or Oxydendron 
arboreum. 


i6. 


Mock Orange or Sweet 
Syringa. 


Philadelphus coronarius. 


17- 


Wild Red Osier. 


Cornus stolonifera. 


i8. 


Tree Box or Boxwood. 


Buxtis sempervirens. 


19. 


Staghorn Sumac. 


Rhus typhina. 


20. 


Mockernut or Whiteheart 


Carya tomentosa. 




Hickory. 




21. 


Common Swamp Blue- 
berry, High-bush Blue- 
berry. 


Vaccinium corymbosum. 



298 



32 
33 
34 
35 

36 
37- 
38. 

39- 
40. 

41. 

42. 

43- 
44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 

48. 
49. 



Common Name 

Lily of the Valley Tree, 

mingled with Lovely 

Azalea. 
Irish Yew. 
Swamp White Oak. 
Catesby's Andromeda. 
English Yew. 
Austrian Pine. 
Swiss Stone Pine. 
Cornelian Cherry. 
Staghorn Sumac. 
American Hornbeam. 

Blue Beech, Water 

Beech, 

Blackberry. 

Bhotan Pine. 

White Pine. 

Weeping Golden Bell or 

Forsythia. 
*Box-leaved Cotoneaster. 
Dwarf Mountain Sumac. 
. American Chestnut. 

Scotch Elm, Wych Elm. 

Common Horsechestnut. 

Shagbark or Shellbark 
Hickory. 

American Beech. 

Silver or White Maple. 

Smoke Tree. 

Japan Cedar. 

Flowering Dogwood. 

Shadbush, June Berry, 
Service Berry. 

Hemlock. 

Obtuse-leaved Japan Ar- 
bor Vitas. 



Botanical Name 

Andromeda floribunda with 
Azalea amoena. 

Taxus haccata, var. fastigiata. 
Quercus bicolor. 
Andromeda (or Lcucothoe). 
Taxus baccata. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Pinus Cembra. 
Cornus mascula. 
Rhus typhina. 
Carpinus Caroliniana 



Riibus villosus. 
Pinus excelsa. 
Pinus strobus. 
Forsythia suspensa. 

Cotoneaster buxifolia. 

Rhus copallina. 

Castanea sativa (or vesca) , var. 

Americana. 
Ulmus Montana. 
jEscidus hippocastanum. 
Carya alba.. 

Fagus ferruginea. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Rhus cotinus. 
Cryptomeria Japonica. 
Cornus florida. 
Amelanchier Canadensis. 

Tsuga Canadensis. 
Chamwcyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) obtusa. 



299 





Common Name 




B0TANIC.A.L Name 


so- 


Witch Hazel. 




Hamamelis Virginiana. 


51- 


Shagbark or Shellbark 


Carya alba. 




Hickory. 






52. 


English Hawthorn. 




CratcBgus oxyacantha. 


53- 


Pignut Hickory. 




Carya porctna. 


54. 


Black Cherry. 




Primus serotina. 


55- 


Red Oak. 




Quercus rubra. 


56. 


European Larch. 




Larix Europcca. 


57- 


Indian Bean Tree 
Southern Catalpa. 


or 


C atalpa bignonioidcs. 


58. 


Cottonwood or Carolina 


Populus monihfcra. 




Poplar. 






59- 


Bald Cypress. 




Taxodium dtsttchum. 


60. 


Sassafras. 




Sassafras officinale. 


61. 


Tulip Tree. 




Linodendron tuUpifcra. 


62. 


American Elder. 




Sambucus Canadensis. 


63. 


Soulard's Crab Apple. 




Pyrus Soulardi. 


64. 


White Oak. 




Quercus alba. 


65- 


Scarlet Oak. 




Quercus coccinea. 


66. 


American White or Gray 


Betula populifolia. 




Birch. 






67- 


White Poplar or Abele 


Populus alba. 




Tree. 






68. 


Black Walnut. 




Jnglans nigra. 


69. 


Honey Locust. 




Gleditschia tricanthos. 


70. 


Ailanthus or Tree 
Heaven. 


of 


Ailanthus glandulosiis. 


71. 


Hackberry, Sugarberry, 


Celtis Occidentahs. 




Nettle Tree. 






72. 


Common Locust. 




Robtnia pseudacacia. 


73- 


Sycamore Maple. 




Acer pseudoplatanus. 


74- 


Fontanesia. 




Fontanesia Fortunei. 


75- 


Osage Orange. 




Madura aurantiaca. 


76. 


English Hawthorn. 




Crataegus oxyacantha. 


77- 


American Hazel, 




Corylus Americana. 


78. 


Black Oak. 




Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria 



300 

CcMMOx Name Botanical Name 

79. English Hawthorn. Cratcsgus oxyacantha. 

80. American Arbor Vitae. Thuya Occidentalis. 

81. European Beech. Fagus sylvatica. 



XIV. 
WEST NINETY-SIXTH STREET TO THE POOL 

In this Section you will find Crimean lindens, almost 
as soon as you enter at the West Ninety-sixth Street 
Gate, handsome Soulard's crab-apples, over near Trans- 
verse Road No. 4, native cork elm, on the westerly side 
of the North Meadow, the obtuse-leaved Japan arbor 
vitse, a sorrel tree near the hydrant, not far from the 
Gate by which you entered and others equally interest- 
ing. Let us consider them in detail. 

Andromeda floribnnda. (Lily of the Valley Tree. 
No. 22.) This fine mass, which is intermingled with 
Azalea amoena, is well worth seeing in early spring, es- 
pecially when in bloom. The azalea is then a mass of 
clear, cool magenta, and the andromeda fairly bursting 
w'ith its dense clusters of small drooping, waxy, frost- 
white, urn-shaped flowers in erect panicles at the ends 
of the branches. The azalea has very small ovate leaves, 
scarcely half an inch long. The andromeda's leaves are 
about two or three inches long. They both bloom early 
in spring, late March or early April. Be on hand to see 
them. You will find this mass on the west of the Walk 
that runs parallel with the Drive and opens out close 
beside it, where the Drive passes over Transverse Road 
No. 4. The mass is off the Walk, a little at your left 
(west), if you walk northerly, and not far from the 
fork that swings out its left branch to the Drive, as the 
latter pass over the Transverse Road. 



302 

Chamsecyparis (or Retinospora) obtusa. (Obhise- 
leavcd Japan Arbor Vitcc. No. 49.) Yon will find this 
rather poor specimen (for it is slowly dying) on the wes- 
terly side of the North Meadow, near the fork of Walk 
which bends to the west, to cross the Drive, and pass 
out of the Park at the West One Hundredth Street 
Gate. It stands quite near a handsome cluster of white 
pines. These pines you can readily know by their hori- 
zontal boughs and leaf bundles of five together in a 
fascicle — the leaves about three or four inches long. 
The Retinospora stands west of the Walk, near the 
point of the fork, with a hemlock just back of it. The 
leaves of the hemlock are flat, about half an inch long, 
and white on the undersides. The Retinospora in 
question is, as you see, doing very poorly. It is just 
about holding its ow^n. You see that its leaf-sprays 
have a flattish, fan-like look. If you examine these 
sprays closely, you will see that the leaves are scale- 
like, closely pressed together and very blunt or obtuse. 
Indeed they have a very jointed look. The small end 
leaves seem to clasp the inner leaves of each row like 
a pair of flat claws, and the whole row has a hard, 
flat-squeezed look which is very distinctive. Blunt- 
leaved is certainly a good name for this characteristic. 
The cones are very small, made up of from eight to ten 
light-brown, valvate, wedge-shaped scales. 

Euonymus Thunbergianus (or alatus). (Tlinnberg's 
Spindle Tree. Winged Spindle Tree. No. 7.) If 
you take the Walk at the right (south) of the Drive, 
upon entering the West Ninety-sixth Street Gate, and 
proceed south-easterly with it, until you come to the 



303 

first fork of this Walk, you will see this interesting 
Japan shrub, standing next to the American elm, which 
is in the point of the fork of the Walk. The little 
Japan shrub stands next to the elm, at its left, as you 
face the northerly border of this Walk. You can recog- 
nize it easily by the corky (two to four) wings (alahts) 
on the branches. In May or June it blooms in little 
yellowish flowers, four or five together, on short pe- 
duncles (flower-stems) from the axils of the leaves. 
The leaves themselves are acute at both ends, rather 
broadly elliptical, and quite sharply cut (serrated) 
about the margins. They are usually about two inches 
in length. The glory of this shrub is its fruit, which 
nods from four parted capsules that glow in autumn 
with a soft, cool crimson, upon which your eye loves 
to linger. And when these are ripe, at this season of 
the year, how lovely it is to see these husks break open 
and curl back like lips, disclosing the rich orange gleam 
of the seeds beneath. You may pass the Enonyimis 
heedlessly at other seasons of the year, but in autumn 
it will surely claim your attention. 

Oxydendrum (or Oxydendron) arboreum. {Sorrell 
Tree. Sourzvood. No. 15.) Not far from the West 
Ninety-sixth Street Gate, on the right of the Drive, as 
you go easterly, you will find a hydrant. It stands on 
the southerly side of the Drive, just before the Drive 
opens out into two branches, the one turning to the 
right and running south, the other turning to the left 
and going north. There are several things of interest 
clustered about this hydrant. To the west of it you 
will see a mass of the Cornus stolonifera, with long. 



304 

bending and sweeping branches, which turn conspic- 
uously crimson in the winter. If you look closely at 
these crimson branches, then, you will see that the 
crimson is streaked and veined with fine, lightish or 
grayish markings, giving a striated appearance to the 
twigs. This appearance is present in summer, but not 
so conspicuously as in winter. The mass is broad and 
spreading and grows with a distinct tendency to fling 
its branches over the ground and root again — a trick 
which is called in botany, stoloniferous. Just south 
of the Cornus stolonifera stands a good specimen of 
the mock orange or sweet syringa. This you can tell 
by its pointed, ovate leaves, with the veins depressed 
on the upper surface and prominent beneath. West of 
this syringa you will find the sorrell tree or sourwood. 
Its leaves are alternate on the branch and resemble 
those of the common peach leaf. They are of a dark, 
shining green, from four to seven inches long, oblong- 
lanceolate, with a short point. True to the tree that 
bears them they are very sour tasting. At the bases 
they are rather wedge-shaped. The flowers of this tree 
are very beautiful, by reason of their delicacy, borne on 
long, terminal, panicles, which are very conspicuous. 
They resemble somewhat the look of the flower-pani-* 
cles of the sweet pepper bush, slender fingers of bloom 
(June or July), that at once arrest your attention. 
These panicles are made up of delicate little urn-shaped 
flowers, of a rich, cream-white, and narrowed daintily 
about the throat, as if delicately tied with some fairy- 
like constriction. The tiny little five-toothed flanges of 
the corolla flare out squarely and the whole little urn is 



305 

a marvel of frost white. If you peep into these little 
white urns you will see the ten stamens inserted on the 
corollas. The flowers soon change into small, dry, five- 
angled capsules of five cells. These capsules are very 
clinging (persistent) and may be seen on the tree late 
in the autumn and winter. If you know the fruit of 
the sweet pepper bush, you will be reminded of their 
resemblance to the fruit pods of that shrub. They look- 
very much like long fingers, erect on the branches. The 
tree is a slender one, with gray bark, through which 
suffuses a reddish hue. It is furrowed and scaly. The 
tree gets its genus name from the Greek words oxus, 
sharp, sour ; and dcndron, tree. It belongs, as you see 
by its pretty little urn-shaped flowers, to the great 
Ericacece or heath family. While you are here look 
at the fine staghorn sumac just east of the hydrant. 
You can tell it by its sticky, pubescent end branches. 
Just as the Drive bends to the south, in its corner, is a 
handsome mass of box. 

Pyrus Soulardi. {Soulard's Crab Apple. No. 63.) 
There is quite a cluster of these handsome crabs, at the 
left (west) of the Walk, just as it bends westerly from 
the Drive, after passing over Transverse Road No. 4. 
They are small sized trees, lusty and healthful. At first 
glance you might think them hawthorns, for they are of 
the hawthorn look. But their lack of thorns will save 
you from this error. According to the best author- 
ities, the Soulard's crab is now regarded as a hybrid 
between the common apple (Pyrus mains) and the 
western crab apple {Pyrus loensis). The leaves are 
roundish-ovate, obtuse or truncate at the base, and 



3o6 

densely woolly. This pubescence is very marked on the 
undersides of the thick leaves and especially on the 
petioles. The leaves, especially above the middle, seem 
to develop a tendency to lobe. This is quite noticeable 
on the upper parts of the leaves. The flowers of the 
Soulard are blush color and break out in dense woolly 
cymes. The fruit is a pome, flattened lengthwise and 
of a yellow hue. The tree is named from J. J. Soulard, 
of Galena, 111., who first brought this variety into culti- 
vation. They are certainly a pretty cluster here and are 
doing well. Their healthfulness is indeed a joy to look 
upon, especially their leaves and branches. 

Quercus bicolor. (Szvauip White Oak. No. 24.) 
There are two of these trees about opposite each other 
on either side of the Walk, not far from the West 
Ninety-sixth Street Gate. They are worthy of notice 
because, though of the same species of oak, their leaves 
are quite different. The leaves of the one on the east 
of the Walk are in conformity with the type of the 
swamp white oak's leaves, as you have met this tree in 
other parts of the Park, but the leaves of the one on the 
west of the Walk are very much more deeply lobed. 
The two trees stand about diagonally opposite to each 
other. You will find them easily by taking the north- 
erly Walk from the West Ninety-sixth Street Gate, and 
following it on, until about midway between its first 
fork and the place where it meets the Drive, as it passes 
over Transverse Road No. 4. 

As you proceed it may be of interest to note some of 
the things you pass on the way. Just beyond the 
Crimean linden stands sycamore maple, with five-lobed 



307 

leaves. At the oend of the Walk, as it turns down 
southeasterly to meet the fork, is a fine white oak with 
its leaves cut into about nine lobes. Just back of this 
oak, southeast of it, is black cherry, with rough, scaly 
bark and shining, glossy, taper-pointed leaves. South- 
east of the cherry is pin oak, with its leaf-lobes bristle- 
tipped and rounded out by deep bays or sinuses — re- 
minding you of the scarlet oak's leaves. But if you 
look at the slender yellozvish petioles of these leaves you 
will not confuse them with the stout leaf-stalks of the 
scarlet. About opposite the point of the fork here, on 
the northerly side of the Walk, is another pin oak, and 
west of this, back (north) of the Walk is a good mock- 
ernut hickory. The mockernut you can tell by its large 
buds, its large leaves (compound), whose leaf -stems 
are very pubescent, as are also the undersides of the 
leaflets. The leaflets run in sevens and nines, usually in 
sevens. Beyond the fork of the Walk, on the southerly 
side, down the bank a little, is English yew, with dark 
green (uppersides), flat, sharply tipped leaves, seem- 
ingly arranged in a two-ranked manner on the branch. 
The leaves are linear, that is, with edges nearly parallel, 
and on the undersides are yellowish green — a mark 
which will distinguish this tree for you from the Ceph- 
alotaxiis, whose leaves are whitish on the undersides. 
Just beyond the yew stand several clumps of Catesby's 
andromeda, low bushes of thick, leathery, pointed 
leaves on short reddish leaf-stems. Beyond these, on 
either side of the Walk, are the two swamp white 
oaks of our quest. Note the differences in the leaves 
of the two trees. As has been said above, the one on 



3o8 

the west of the Walk has its leaves cut into lobes 
that remind you of the white oak, while those on the 
tree on the east of the Walk are wavy-lobed and 
recall the look of the chestnut oak. Note also the 
very pubescent undersides of the leaves of both of 
these trees. They are downy with tomentum (dense, 
close-matted pubescence). The acorns are oblong 
egg-shape, and set in shallow cups which are often 
densely fringed about the margins with ragged, mossy 
scales — much like the acorn of the bur oak. 

Beyond the swamp white oaks, on the right (east) 
of the Walk, as you continue northerly, is Irish yew, 
a small pyramidal growth, with leaves the same as 
those of the English yew, but gathered together in 
rather rosette-like clusters. Beyond this is Austrian 
pine, with its dark-green, stiffish leaves in bundles of 
two, and north of the Austrian, a handsome Swiss 
stone pine, with its leaves in bundles of five. Note 
that these leaves of the Swiss pine are three-sided and 
glaucous. At the steps here, off to your left (west), 
is a pretty Cornelian cherry, with opposite leaves, 
rather roundish oval and distinctly short-pointed. 

Tilia dasystyla. (Crimean Linden. No. 2.) As 
you enter the Park at the West Ninety-sixth Street 
Gate, on either side of the Drive, in the very points 
of the beds between Walk and Drive, almost as you 
go in, you will see these two slender young trees. 
They are but sapplings, now, but will grow into hand- 
some trees, if they develop to their full capacity. 
Their leaves are dark glossy-green on the uppersides, 
but, beneath, are pale-green, and if you look closely, 



309 

you will see little tufts of small brown hairs gathered 
in the axils of the larger leaf-veins. The leaves of 
the Crimean linden are rather tough and leathery, 
and are obliquely truncate (cut across) at the base. 
The tree gets its botanical specific name, dasystyla, 
from its flowers, whose pistils are densely tomentose 
or hairy (Greek, dasos), about the base of the rather 
pyramidal style. The style, speaking technically, is 
that part of the pistil which joins the ovary with the 
stigma. The stigma is the part of the pistil which 
receives the pollen, and the ovary is that part of the 
pistil which contains the embryonic seeds. The fruit 
of the Crimean linden is very distinctly five-angled, 
and is obovoid in shape. 

TJlimis racemosa. (American Cork Elm. Rock Elm. 
No. 12.) Pretty well back from Walk (the northerly 
one from the West Ninety-sixth Street Gate), and 
near the border of Transverse Road No. 4, you will 
find this slim specimen of our native cork elm. You 
can pick it out easily by the very distinct corky 
ridges on its branches. It is a small-sized tree, with 
a trunk not over a few inches thick, and has a lean 
and spindling look. Its leaves are smooth, hard and 
thick, dark green on the uppersides, but pale green 
below. In March or April, dancing little raceme- 
like (whence the name of the tree) clusters of tiny 
flowers float out upon the branches. Fairy sights 
they are, so tenderly delicate, it seems the sharp 
winds must surely tear them from their abiding 
places. How lovely they are! The tiny little calyx 
of each flower is bell-shaped. There is no corolla, 



310 

but there are seven or eight stamens, and these with 
their dark purple anthers give that lovely flush of 
color which is so charming. The bark of the tree is 
gray, through which you can detect a reddish cast. 
The bark is broken in rather broad scaly ridges. The 
fruit of the tree is a wafer-like samara, winged all 
around the seed. The edge of this wing is densely 
hairy (ciliate), as are also the sides of the whole 
samara. 



T oS T'T^ HiJ/j gfe" 






Explanations, 


Map No. 15 


I. 

2. 

3- 
4- 
5- 
6. 


Common Name 

Lombardy Poplar. 
Pin Oak. 
American Beech. 
Honey Locust. 
Turkey Oak. 
Cottonwood, Carolina 


Botanical Nam] 

Popidus dilatata. 
Quercus palustris. 
Fagus ferruginea. 
Gleditschia triacanthos. 
Quercus cerris. 
Populus monilifera. 



Poplar. 

7. Many-flowered Rose. 

8. American Hornbeam, 

Blue Beech, Water 
Beech, 

9. Ash-leaved Maple, Box 

Elder. 

10. Silverbell Tree. 

11. Chinese Cork Tree. 

12. Striped Maple, Moose- 

wood, Whistlewood. 

13. White Mulberry. 

14. Purple-leaved English Elm, 

15. Norway Maple. 

16. European White Birch. 

17. Black Walnut. 

18. Shagbark or Shellbark 

Hickory. 

19. Hackberry, Sugarberry, 

Nettle Tree. 

20. American Linden, Bass- 

wood, Bee Tree. 

21. Idesia. 

22. Sweet Bay, Swamp Mag- 

nolia. 

23. Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

24. Common Horsechestnut. 

25. Sycamore Maple. 

26. Western Yellow Pine. 

27. English Oak. 



Rosa muliti flora. 
Carpinus Caroliniana. 



Negundo aceroides. 

Halesia tetraptera. 
Phellodendron Amurcnse. 
Acer P ennsylvanicum. 

Morus alba. 

Ulmiis campestris , var. stricta 

purpurea. 
Acer platanoides. 
Betula alba. 
Juglans nigra. 
Carya alba. 

Celtis Occidentalis. 

Tilia Americana. 

Idesia polycarpa. 
Alagnolia glauca. 

Gleditschia triacanthos. 
^scidus hippocastanum. 
Acer pseudoplatanus. 
Pinus ponderosa. 
Quercus robur. 



3i6 



Common Name 

28. Japan Arbor Vitae( Variety 

squarrosa) . 



29. 
30. 
31- 
32. 

33- 
34- 
35- 

36. 

37- 
3S- 
39- 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43- 
44. 

45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 
49. 

50- 



52. 
53- 

54- 
55- 
56. 
57- 

58. 
59- 
60. 
61. 



Austrian Pine. 

Nordmann's Silver Fir. 

Italian Maple. 

Cockspur Thorn (Variety 
pyracanthafolia). 

Corylopsis. 

Large-thorned Hawthorn. 

Large-leaved Maple, Ore- 
gon Maple. 

Purple-leaved European 
Hazel. 

Deodar, Indian Cedar. 

Japan Lemon. 

Austrian Pine. 

Lovely Azalea. 

Buckthorn. 

European White Birch. 

Witch Hazel. 

Indian Bean Tree or 
Southern Catalpa. 

Katsura Tree. 

Early-flowering Jessa- 
mine. 

American Holly. 

Japan Azalea. 

Lily of the Valley Tree. 

Tree Celandine, Plume 
Poppy. 

Scarlet-fruited Haw- 
thorn, White Thorn. 

Black Haw. 

Red Oak. 

Norway Spruce. 

European Larch. 

Sassafras. 

Ash-leaved Maple, Box 
Elder. 

Red Maple. 

Red Oak. 

Smooth Sumac. 

Weeping Golden Bell or 
Forsythia. 



Botanical Name 

Chamcocyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. squar- 
rosa. 

Pinus Aiistriaca. 

Abies Nordmanniana. 

Acer ItaLiim. 

Cratcegus crus-galli, var. pyra- 
canthafolia. 

Corylopsis spicata. 

Cratcegus macracantha. 

Acer macrophyllum. 

Corylus avellana, var. atropur- 

piirea. 
Cedrus Deodara. 
Citrus trifoliata. 
Pinus Austriaca. 
Azalea amoena. 
Rhamnus cathartica. 
Betula alba. 

Hajnanielis Virginiana. 
Catalpa bignonioides . 

Cercidiphyllum Japonicum. 
Jasminum nudiflorum. 

Ilex opaca. 
Azalea mollis. 
Andromeda floribunda. 
Bocconia cordata. 

Cratcegus coccinca. 

Viburnum prunifolium. 
Quercus rubra. 
Piceaexcelsa. 
Larix Euro pee a. 
Sassafras officinale. 
Negundo aceroides. 

Acer rubrum. 
Quercus rubra. 
Rhus glabra. 
Forsythia suspensa. 



317 



Common Name 

62. Scarlet Oak. 

63. Prostrate English Yew 

(Low and spreading). 

64. Spicebush. 

65. Yellowwood. 

66. Japan Holly. 

67. Cedar of Lebanon. 

68. Thunberg's or Japan Bar- 

berry 

69. Common Horsechestnut. 

70. Dwarf Mountain Sumac. 

7 1 . European Larch. 

72. Black Cherry. 

73. Ninebark. 

74. Smooth Sumac. 

75. European Mountain Ash, 

Rowan Tree. 

76. European Beech. 

77. Black Oak. 

78. English Elm. 

79. American White Ash. 

80. Red Cedar. 

81. American Chestnut. 

82. Hop Hornbeam or Iron- 

wood. 

83. Tulip Tree. 

84. Flowering Dogwood. 

85. Spicebush. 

86. Arrowwood. 

87. Smooth Alder. 

88. Bald Cypress. 

89. Reeve's Spiraea. 

90. Oriental Spruce, Eastern 

Spruce. 

91. Plume-leaved Japan Ar- 

bor VitcC. 

92. Cherry Birch, Sweet 

Birch, Black Birch. 

93. Mock Orange or Sweet 

Syringa. 

94. Washington Thorn. 

95. European Silver Linden. 



Botanical Name 

Quercus coccinca. 

Taxas baccata, var. prostrata. 

Benzoin benzoin. 
Cladrastis tinctoria. 
Ilex crenata. 
Cedrus Libani. 
Berberis Thunbergii. 

Mscvdus hippocastanum. 
Rhus copallina. 
Larix Eur opes a. 
Prunus serotina. 
Physocarpus (or Spircea) opu- 

lifolia. 
Rhus glabra. 
Pyrus aucuparia. 

Fagus sylvatica. 
Quercus coccinca,^ var. tinctoria. 
Ulmus campestris. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Juniper us Virginiana. 
Castanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 
Ostrya Virginica. 

Liriodendron Tulipifera. 
Cornus florida. 
Benzoin benzoin. 
Viburnum dentatum. 
Alnus serrulata. 
Tax odium distichum. 
Spircca Reevesiana. 
Picea Ortentalis. 

Chamcrcyparis (or Retinos- 
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa. 
Betula lenta. 

Philadelphus coronarius. 

CratcEgus cordata. 
Tiha Etiropcea, var. argentea 
(or alba). 



3i8 



Common Name 

96. Common Locust. 

97. White Pine. 

98. Koelreuteria or Varnish 

Tree. 

99. Weeping European, 

White Birch. 

100. Kentucky Coffee Tree. 

10 1. Wild Red Osier. 

102. Silver or White Maple. 

103. California Privet. 

104. White Poplar, Abele Tree. 

105. Ginkgo Tree. 

106. European Linden. 

107. Weeping Willow, Baby- 

lonian Willow. 



Botanical Name 

Rohinia pseiidacacia. 
Pinus strobus. 
Koelreuteria paniciilata. 

Betiila alba, var. pcndula. 

Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Cor nils stolonifera. 
Acer dasycarpum. 
Ligustrum ovalifolimn. 
Populiis alba. 
Salisburia adia ntifolia. 
Tilia Euro pec a. 
Salix Babylonica. 



XV. 

HARLEM MEER AND VICINITY 

This Section, the vicinity of the Green Houses and 
McGowan's Pass Tavern, is full of many interest- 
ing things v^hich will be sure to claim your atten- 
tion. Most of the trees and shrubs of this area you 
have met before on your rambles in the lower sections 
of the Park, but there are several here which are 
new, that is, which are not represented in other parts 
of the Park. Let us consider these in detail : — 

Acer Italum. (Italian Maple. No. 31.) This in- 
teresting tree, a native of Italy, Switzerland, and 
Southern Europe, will be found at the extreme south- 
west corner of the Green Houses. It is very close to 
the wall, and you can pick it out by its leaves which 
resemble cut-down editions of the sycamore maple's 
leaves. They look very much like the leaves of that 
tree, with the lobes obtusely rounded off. They are 
five-lobed, about five inches long, and whitened be- 
neath. The tree flowers in drooping corymbs, and its 
keys (fruit) have slightly spreading wings. The tree 
stands just below the Crafcrgus criis-galli, var. pyra- 
canthafolia, to the east of it. 

Acer macrophyllum. {Large-leaved Maple. Oregon 
Maple. No. 35.) South of the Green Houses, close 
to the line of frames of the nursery that backs up this 
interesting patch of slope here, you will find a fine 



320 

specimen of this tree. That you may find it readily, 
if you skirt the southerly end of the Green Houses 
and follow the line of nursery frames, south, for about 
half way between the Green Houses and the southerly 
end of the nursery frames, you will see this tree 
standing, pretty well hidden by neighboring growths, 
a little north of a point where an imaginary line 
would strike, if the Walk at the southerly end of the 
Green Houses' beds were carried westward to the 
nursery frames. If you know the purple-leaved Eu- 
ropean hazel, the Oregon maple stands just northwest 
of it. But I think you will have no difficulty in find- 
ing it, for its leaves are very large, eight to ten inches 
broad. These broad leaves are cut into five (often 
seven) deep lobes, and the lobes themselves are cut 
again into sections that make them rather three-lobed. 
They have something of the look of a large-sized leaf 
of the Oriental plane tree. On the undersides they 
are pubescent, when young, of a pale green hue. The 
tree flowers in the spring, with erect panicles of fra- 
grant yellow flowers, densely woolly, appearing after 
the leaves have opened. The yellow fruit is also very 
hairy and has large broad wings which spread at an 
angle of about forty-five degrees. The specimen be- 
fore you here is the only one in the Park, and it is 
to be hoped that it will be allowed to stand here, 
even if it falls into decline, for it is a rare tree to see 
in our section. Along the Pacific coast it grows to 
magnificent proportions, developing into a noble and 
imposing tree, reaching a height of a hundred feet 
or more. 




Flowers and Leaf of the Striped Maple (Acer Pcnnsylvanicum) 
Map 15. No. 12. 



321 

Acer pennsylvanicum. {Striped Maple. Moosewood. 
Whistlewood. No. 12.) If the love of trees is in 
your heart, a thrill of joy must leap through you 
when you stand face to face with the striped maple. 
The beautiful veining of the fine stripes running length- 
wise up and down the trunk and branches is a sight that 
sends the eye roving over them in keen delight. These 
very stripes alone are enough to identify the tree. The 
trunk bark is of a deep reddish brown, and the fine 
stripes or lines crinkle through it in delicate whitish 
or lightish streaks. The younger shoots are greenish, 
and on these the stripes are dull blackish. You can- 
not mistake the tree if you note its bark. It has broad, 
goose-foot leaves, divided into three lobes, the end 
lobes running out into long finely cut points. They 
are of a lovely clear green, and of tender texture — 
especially in spring. If you look at their leaf stalks 
you will see that they are grooved and swollen at the 
base. Sometime in May try to g^t near these lovely 
trees when they are in full bloom. If you succeed you 
will never forget the fairfy little chimes of drooping 
racemes of bell-shaped yellow flowers swinging on 
slender stems, under the soft green leaves. Five tiny 
little petals make up their corollas. The staminate and 
pistillate flowers are carried usually in separate racemes 
on the same tree. In the staminate flowers, the stamens 
are usually eight. Pale green, broadly winged keys 
tied together in a hanging chain, succeed the fairy 
flowers. Look closely at these keys or samaras (fruits) 
as they are bq,tanically called. Can you see that small 
cavity on each side of the fruit? This is a feature 



322 

which (with the exception of the mountain maple) dis- 
tinguishes the striped maple from its fellows. These 
keys are ripe in late August or early September. The 
tree gets its name "Moosewood" from the fact that 
the moose feed upon its bark and branches. You will 
find a good specimen of this tree very near the steps, 
back (north) of McGowan's stables. These steps 
carry the Walk on from the Green Houses to the 
Drive, a little north of McGowan's. Close by the 
lower northerly corner of the steps a good hackberry 
guards, with warty bark and oblique leaves, and a 
little east of this tree stands the striped maple. You 
can tell it instantly in summer by its three-lobed, 
"goose-foot" leaves, and white streaked bark ; in win- 
ter by its bark, its richly rose-colored buds and leaf- 
scars which are conspicuously ridged on the under- 
sides. You will find another specimen of the tree 
near the Walk leading in from One Hundred and 
Sixth Street, not far to the northwest of the Chinese 
cork tree, about half way between the third and fourth 
forks of the Walk. 

Alnus serrulata. (Smooth Alder. No. 87.) Enter 
the Park at the Gate at Sixth Avenue and One Hun- 
dred and Tenth Street, left-hand Walk, and go south, 
turn to the right and follow the shore of Harlem Meer 
around to the west and then to the south, until you 
come to the second place where the Walk comes down 
close to the water's edge. Standing on this open 
space, and facing the water (east) you will have on 
your left, on the tongue of land between Walk and 
water, some good specimens of the smooth alder. One 



323 

of them Is in the very tip of the tongue, and all of 
them are close by the water's edge and lean out over 
it. You can easily identify them by the tiny little 
black woody *'cones" — the seed vessels of the alder — • 
which are sure to be present on them, for they are 
very persistent and remain throughout the year. Usu- 
ally you can see them black against the sky with their 
parts open, the seeds gone. The leaves are thick, with 
the midrib and veins very noticeably depressed on the 
uppersides, and equally noticeably ridged beneath. In 
shape they are obovate (reversed egg-shaped), com- 
ing gradually down to an acute base. But look at 
their margins, and see the sharp, fine serrations. It 
is this very fine cutting which has given the shrub 
its specific botanical name — serralata (little serrations). 
See, too, how smooth and shining the leaves are on the 
uppersides. On the under they are a paler green, and 
often slightly downy. In size the leaves are from two 
to four inches long. In the spring of the year the 
alder blooms, the staminate flowers in very conspic- 
uous pendant catkins, hanging like long pencils from 
the branches. These catkins are made up of a closely- 
linked chain of bracts, and under the bracts are the 
tiny little anthers which carry and let loose the fertil- 
izing pollen. As you stand here, note the fine bald 
cypress with feather-like leaves just back of the smooth 
alders, and the handsome clump of arrowwood that 
masses the right-hand tongue of ground between Walk 
and water to the south. 

Bocconia cordata. {Tree Celandine. Plume Poppy. 
No. 50.) In late July or early August the beautiful 



324 

white or rose-white, feathery pkimes of this Japan 
perennial are sure to arrest your attention. Plume 
poppy is a good name for the plant. Its terminal pan- 
icles of bloom are certainly plume-like, and for feathery 
fineness they cannot be excelled. You can easily iden- 
tify the plant by these plume-like panicles which tuft 
and pompon the ends of the tall, upright, thickset 
stalks. These stalks or stems are set with beautifully 
cut leaves, round-cordate, with the lobes themselves 
cut again and again into smaller lobes. If the plant 
is not in flower, these very strikingly-cut leaves will 
identify it. The leaves are thick, veiny and glaucous, 
and have a somewhat fig-like look. The plant gets 
its name from Dr. Paolo Bocconi, an Italian (Sicilian) 
botanist and belongs to the poppy family. You will 
find an excellent specimen of it, just south of the Cerci- 
diphylliim, and west of a fine American holly that 
stands close by the Walk which comes down from the 
rear of McGowan's. To make this perfectly clear, 
take the Walk that starts in from the Drive, just 
south of McGowan's, with a black walnut on either 
side of it, where it starts from the Drive. Follow it 
easterly to the stone urn, then branch off to your right 
southerly to the third fork of the Walk. About mid- 
way between the third and fourth fork, on your right 
(west) stands the American holly. Just west of this 
is Azalea mollis, and due west of the azalea, and south 
of the Cercidiphyllum is the handsome mass of Boc- 
conia. A graceful Magnolia glauca, with leaves green 
above and whitish below, stands off a little to the 
southwest of the Bocconia. 



325 

Cedrus Deodara. (Deodar. Indian Cedar. No. 37.) 
This tree stands in a spot pretty well hidden from the 
Walk. It is down the bank, in the tangle of growths 
that make up the space southwest of the Green Houses, 
known as the old nurseries. If you take the Walk 
that runs from the steps at the back of the northwest 
corner of the northerly Green House, and go south 
with it, behind the Green Houses, following it along 
until you come pretty near the third fork of the Walk, 
you will find the tree. The Deodar stands about in 
line with the end of the Walk at the southerly ex- 
tremity of the Green House beds. It is just a little 
up the slope, to the west of the purple-leaved Euro- 
pean hazel which you can find easily by its dark 
crimson leaves — the only crimson foliaged shrub in 
this vicinity. The Deodar you can recognize by its 
linear (narrow and with margins parallel) leaves gath- 
ered together in little alternate bunches or clusters. 
These leaves are sharp-pointed, stiff and straight, about 
an inch or two inches long. They are generally three 
or four-sided in shape, and evergreen. This feature 
distinguishes the tree from the larch, which drops its 
leaves in the autumn (deciduous). When your eye 
fastens on the little leaf clusters, you might easily 
think the tree a larch, if you did not know that its 
leaves were evergreen. The cones, too, of the Cedrus 
are distinctive — growing erect on the branches and 
falling apart when mature. The cones of the larch 
are erect also, but do not break apart, are very per- 
sistent on the branch, and when they do fall, fall as 
a whole cone. The cones of the Deodara are about 



326 

five inches, and, when young, arc of a rich reddish- 
brown hue which, as the cone ripens, dulls to brown. 
The tree is pyramidal in habit of growth, and the gen- 
eral effect of its foliage is dark, bluish-green overcast 
with a glaucous hue. 

Cercidiphyllum Japonicuni. (Katsura Tree. No. 45.) 
Two exceedingly handsome specimens of this interest- 
ing Japan tree are in the close vicinity of McGowan's 
restaurant. They are back of the Walk, and half 
hidden by masses of other things. To see them you 
must look for them, for they are pretty well hidden 
from the casual observer. Take the Walk that crosses 
the Drive south of McGowan's Pass Tavern, where 
two black walnuts — handsome trees — guard its either 
side. Follow it easterly to where it forks by a large 
stone urn; take the southerly branch (your right), 
and continue until you come about half way between 
the second and the third fork of the Walk. If you 
have a permit to go upon the lawns, you will find 
the two handsome Katsura trees just below the rise 
of ground at the west of the Walk. At first, from 
their leaves, you might think them some kind of 
Judas tree (redbud), for the leaves so closely re- 
semble the leaves of that tree, that they have been 
named Cercidiphyllum, from two Greek words, Kerkis 
(Cercis), the name of the Judas tree, and phyllon, 
leaf. Indeed, the leaves are exceedingly like those 
of the Judas tree — only smaller. They are broadly- 
cordate (heart-shaped), generally opposite on the 
branch, though sometimes alternate, and distinctly 
nerved (veined) with five to seven ribs. Though ap- 



327 

parently entire about the margin, if you look at them 
closely with your hand lens, you will find that they 
are very finely cut with rounded teeth. On the under- 
sides the leaves are slightly glaucous, but on the 
upper, they are smooth (glabrous) and of a dark 
green. The leaf stalks are interesting, dark red in 
hue, and jointed beyond the base. The flowers are 
not conspicuous, without petals and solitary. These 
develop into pods which are dehiscent, that is, split 
open in a regular way, to discharge the seed when 
ripe. These pods, usually two to four, break open 
along the outer seam to discharge the seeds. The 
seeds have membranous wings. The Katsura is a 
bushy tree, and these two here before you are well 
up to the type. The tree belongs to the magnolia 
family. 

Craetaegus crus-galli, var. pyracanthafolia. (Cock- 
spur Thorn, variety pyracanthafolia. No. 32.) At 
the southwest corner of the Green Houses, close by 
the wall there, up the slope, a little back (west) of 
the Acer Italum, you will find a small tree bristling 
with thorns and with small, thick, leathery and very 
glossy leaves. These leaves are broad at the end, 
and gradually narrow down to a long, thin, wedge- 
shaped base, not unlike a miniature lacrosse stick. If 
you have learned the look of the cockspur thorn's leaf, 
the leaves of the tree must instantly suggest that tree 
to you. They look like a cut-down similitude of the 
cockspur's leaf. This tree is not a large one, and you 
can pick it out easily by its thorns. It is too bad that 
both this tree and the Italian maple should be in this 



328 

rather inaccessible spot, for they are of special in- 
terest to the tree lover, by reason of their rather rare 
occurrence in public parks. Their presence here, in 
this particularly out-of-the-way place is explained by 
the fact that they stand on ground for many years 
used by the Park for a nursery. 

Idesia polycarpa. {Idesia. No. 21.) If you enter 
at the East One Hundred and Sixth Street Gate, and 
proceed west to the third fork of the Walk, turn to 
the left and go south to the steps at the end of the 
first Green House, go up the steps and follow the 
path that skirts the slope back of McGowan's Pass 
Tavern, you will find this tree. At first you might 
mistake it for a white mulberry, but it is a very dif- 
ferent kind of tree. It belongs to the Bixacece, and 
gets its name from a Dutch explorer in China, Yobrants 
Ides. It stands, as you will see, by referring to the 
map, on a little "island" of Walk that has come to 
anchor just below the slope back of McGowan's. This 
little "island" runs north and south. From the south- 
erly end, walking north, you pass a couple of good 
specimens of Magnolia glauca, easily picked out by 
the white undersides of their leaves, then comes a 
good Kentucky coffee tree, with very rough bark and 
large doubly compound leaves. Then another Mag- 
nolia glauca, and then the Idesia. You can tell it at 
once by its alternate, simple, heart-shaped, five-veined 
leaves, which are fairly large and at a distance some- 
what resemble the leaves of the mulberry. A distin- 
guishing feature of the leaves is the very long red 
petiole (leaf stalk). On this petiole, near the base of 




Idesia {Idcsia polycarpa) 
Map 15. No. 21. 



329 

the leaf, you will find glands (like the glands on 
the leaf-stems of the primus). Glands are also pres- 
ent on the twigs of the tree. This interesting im- 
portation from Japan and China blooms in drooping, 
fragrant, terminal and axillary panicles of greenish- 
yellow flowers. The flowers are rather inconspicuous. 
They are petalless, but have five woolly sepals. The 
sepals are divisions of the calyx. These flowers change 
into small orange-yellow many-seeded berries about 
the size of an ordinary pea. 

Phellodendron Amurense. (Chinese Cork Tree. No. 
II.) In his Section there grows the best specimen 
of the Chinese cork tree in the Park. You can find 
it very easily by entering the Park at the East One 
Hundred and Sixth Street Gate and going west until 
you pass the third branching of the Walk. Just be- 
yond this third offshoot of Walk (which leads in to 
the Green Houses), down in the open space which fills 
in back of McGowan's stables, and west of the beds 
that lie to the north of the Green Houses you will find 
this tree. It is down the bank, due south of the Walk 
by which you entered, about a stone's throw from the 
point where the third fork breaks off from the Walk 
to run south to the Green Houses. It is a tall thin 
tree about thirty feet high, somewhat Y-form in shape. 
You will know it easily by its ailanthus-like leaves. 
These compound leaves are about two or three feet 
long, and set oppositely on the branch. They are 
made up of many leaflets which are placed along the 
leaf-stem in a way that botanists term odd-pinnate. 
That is, pinnate (with the leaflets set along the stem in a 



330 

feather-like [pinna] manner), with an odd leaflet at 
the end. In this tree the leaflets run from seven to 
about seventeen in number. They are ovate-lanceo- 
late, very finely and sharply serrated, and come down 
to long point (acuminate). On the uppersides they 
are almost smooth and are of a dark green color, but 
on the undersides they are slightly glaucous. They 
turn bright red in autumn. In June the tree flowers 
in short panicles of inconspicuous greenish flowers 
from the ends of the branches. These flowers change 
later into small blue-black berries of about the size 
of a pea, which hang upon the tree in grape-like clus- 
ters late into the winter. The bark of the tree is of 
a light gray and corky. The tree gets its botanical 
name from two Greek words, phcUos, cork, and den- 
dron, tree. 

Picea Orientalis. (Eastern or Oriental Spruce. No. 
90.) To find this handsome variety of spruce take 
the right-hand Walk at the Lenox Avenue Gate, One 
Hundred and Tenth Street. Follow it to the west un- 
til it throws out a short branch to the Drive ; cross 
the Drive at this point and take up the Walk again 
on the other side of the Drive. Some steps meet you 
here, with some good clumps of Reeve's spiraea garn- 
ishing their easterly side. At the foot of these steps 
turn to your left and go easterly a short space along 
the shore walk of the Harlem ]\Ieer. The Walk 
spreads out here in a little platform-like space to come 
down close to the water, forming small tongues of 
bank on either side. About opposite the easterly 
tongue of bank that lies between water and walk. 




Chinese Ccrk Tree (PhcUodcndvon Amuvense) 
. Map 15. No. II. 



331 

you will find this Oriental spruce. A good honey 
locust stands diagonally over from it, to the south- 
east. Like all true spruces the leaves of the Oriental 
are four-sided and scattered singly over the branch. 
You remember that the chief feature of the pine is 
the characteristic gathering of its leaves together in 
little bundles (fascicles), of twos, threes, or fives. 
The spruce is therefore easily distinguished from the 
pine by observing this leaf feature alone. With the 
spruce each leaf is fastened to the branch singly, and 
is foiir-sidQd. In this four-sided feature it differs from 
the £r which has its leaves fiat. There are many other 
botanical distinctions between the pine, the spruce, 
and the fir, but these features just mentioned will be 
enough for any rambler who has not delved into the 
deeper mysteries of botany, to tell at a glance whether 
a tree is a pine, spruce or fir. It may be well to add 
here that the cone of the fir stands up erect on the 
branch, and its scales fall away from a central axis 
when ripe; the cone of the pine and of the spruce do 
not break their scales apart in this manner, but, when 
ripe, fall from the branch, as a whole cone, with all 
the scales persistent. The cones of the pine and of 
the spruce hang drooping (pendulous) from the 
branches, the cones of the fir stand straight up, erect, 
like candles set upon a candle-stick. 

The leaves of the Oriental spruce are short, stout 
and blunt at the tip. They are about an inch long, 
of a rich, glossy dark-green which gives the tree in 
the fulness of its foliage, a dark handsome gloom. 
When I come upon one of these dark and slumbrous 



332 

shadowed evergreens, the sight awakes in me a feel- 
ing Hke the opening chords of Chopin's grand Marche 
Funebre, or the wonderful music of the Valhalla 
motive — full of an uplifting majesty that bears the 
soul to silent communion with the solemn mysteries 
of the eternal. There is surely something in this. 
The bright dancing flash of sunlit birch leaves is a 
scherzo, and the dark shadows of the full-clothed ever- 
green are those deep bass chords that go way down 
in you and rock the foundations of your soul. But 
to come back to our spruce. You see that the leaves 
are distinctly four-sided, and that they are set singly 
on the branch, completely surrounding it so that they 
point in every direction. The cones of this tree are 
small, about three inches long, cylindrical, of a soft, 
dull brown. The cone-scales are thin, pliant, and clasp 
over each other loosely. These cone scales are rounded 
at the ends, but the ends, if you look at them closely, 
are slightly uneven along the edges. The small cigar- 
like cones are usually covered with resin of a frosty 
white, and hang in thick bunches at the ends of the 
branches. This tree, in its perfect development, is 
indeed beautiful. It is a native of the Black Sea where 
it grows to a height of seventy-five feet. It is of com- 
pact foliage and of a distinctly conical form of growth. 
Pinus ponderosa. {Western Yellozv Pine. No. 26.) 
Back of McGowan's Pass Tavern, a little to the south- 
east, on the ground embraced by the encircling walk, 
you will see two large pine trees. They are between 
thirty and forty feet high, with board-reaching boughs. 
If you can get near enough to them to count the leaves 




Western Yellow Pine {Pijius pondcrosa) 
t Map 15. No. 26. 



333 

in one of the little bundles (fascicles), you will see 
that they are in threes. 

You have met this pine in the Ramble, and the de- 
scription there given will serve for these trees. I 
simply wish, here, to call your attention to these fine 
specimens — the best in the Park of this variety of pine. 
They are handsome fellows truly, and it will be some 
time before the sapling in the Ramble reaches their 
proportions. See these trees by all means. 

Pyrus aucuparia. {European Mountain Ash. Rowan 
Tree. No. 75.) Near the Loch, at the extreme south- 
westerly corner of this section, you will find a fair 
sized specimen of this beautiful foreign comrade of 
our native mountain ash. You will meet it, well up on 
the greensward at the left of the Walk as you come 
from the Arch (over which runs the Drive) along the 
path that wanders from the wooded shores of the Har- 
lem Meer. After passing beneath the Arch, follow the 
path southwards, through a short rock-walk, out upon 
the open, with the silent and dreaming waters of the 
Loch upon your right, and a broad, gentle rise of green 
on your left, where it slopes up easily to the hilly heights 
of McGowan's. The mountain ash stands on this 
greensward about twenty feet ofif to your left, as you 
follow the path southerly. You may fix its position 
easily if you look for it about opposite the lower flange 
of the Walk which runs down close to the Loch. It is a 
small sized tree, about twenty feet high, with a bark 
on the upper branches especially, which makes you 
think of the peach or the cherry tree — a kind of sheen- 
like gloss, like the burnish of polished metal, yet not 



334 

hard to look upon, but pleasing, satin-like and finished. 
Look closely at the beautiful compound leaves of this 
tree. They are about five to eight inches in length and 
are made up of from six to eight pairs of leaflets, with 
an odd one at the end. These leaflets, downy beneath, 
are beautifully cut (serrate), and, note this especially, 
they are obtuse at the end. This feature marks them at 
once from any confusion with our native species. The 
leaflets of our native mountain ash are all distinctly 
sharp pointed. There are many other differences be- 
tween the two trees, but if you are in doubt whether the 
tree is native or foreign, look at the leaflets, a glance 
will tell you. If the tree is not in foliage, look at the 
winter buds. Those of the European are very densely 
tomentose (hairy) while those of the American are 
generally smooth, sometimes very slightly hairy. The 
flowers appear in May, in dense, broad, showy cymes 
of creamy-white, fully half a foot wide. They are very 
handsome. The blossoms are succeeded by brilliant 
scarlet or orange-red berries in heavy clusters. The 
berries of the European mountain ash are larger than 
those of our own tree and are much more showy. 

TJlmus campestris, var. stricta purpurea. (Purple- 
leaved English Elm. No. 14.) You will find this tree 
on the left of the Walk as you go west from One Hun- 
dred and Sixth Street Gate, not far from the fourth 
fork of the Walk. It stands just beyond a white mul- 
berry tree. The mulberry has mitten-shaped leaves, 
glossy on the uppersides. It stands just beyond a 
beautiful striped maple. The purple-leaved elm is 
very beautiful in early spring, just as its leaves come 



m 




Staminate Flowers of the Ash-leaved Maple {Ncgundo accroidcs) 

Map 15. No. 9. 



335 

out — a tender crimson-purple. The leaves are like 
those of the English elm, but longer, and with finer 
serrations. The flowers are equally beautiful — little 
clover-like bunches set along the branches, rose-purple 
filaments and dark, blue-purple anthers. 

This interesting tree, is, as has been said, easily 
found by following the Walk westerly from the One 
Hundred and Sixth Street Gate. Perhaps it will be 
of interest to note, in approaching it, the ash-leaved 
maple or box elder which is on the right of the Walk, 
just beyond the lamp which guards to the second Walk 
leading into the Green Houses. This is a beautiful 
tree in spring, when it is hung as with lace, by its 
fine, graceful, drooping flowers. They are lace itself 
and the whole tree is a miracle of grace and beauty. 
You can tell the tree easily by its leaves which are com- 
pound and are made up of three to five oval or ovate 
leaflets. These leaves somewhat resemble the look of 
the leaves of the white-ash, whence its name. But the 
resemblance is indeed very slight. 

As you go westerly, you pass two pretty silverbell 
trees, then hornbeam, then striped maple, white mul- 
berry and then you come to the purple-leaved English 
elm. These are all on the left of the Walk. 

The silverbell has a very distinctive bark which is 
one of its winter features. Whenever you come upon 
it at that season of the year, when it stands out full 
and clear in the bright sunshine, stripped of its foli- 
age, its bark will surely appeal to you. Fine thread- 
like lines, really fissures, crinkle through its dark 
brown and show faint tinges of reddish brown in these 



336 

fissures. On older trees this streaming is very pro- 
nounced, and, as you get used to the winter trees and 
learn their features, this marking of the halesia or 
silverbell will be one of its easy means of identification. 
In summer the tree's foliage rather hides this, but, if 
you look for it, you will see it present there, unfail- 
ingly. While you are here note also the silver streak- 
ing or veins that mark the bark of the hornbeam. 







o. ^ O ^ 
2 f=- O > 



Explanations, Map No. 16 





Common Name 


Botanical Name 


I. 


American Hornbeam, 
Blue Beech, Water 
Beech. 


Carpinus Caroliniana. 


2, 


Althaea or Rose of Sharon. 


Hibiscus Syriacus. 


3- 


Reeve's Spircea. 


Spircea Reevesiana. 


4- 


Weeping Golden Bell or 
Forsythia. 


Forsythia suspensa. 


5- 


Ailanthus or Tree of 
Heaven. 


Ailanthus glandulosus. 


6. 


Red Mulberry. 


Morus rubra. 


7- 


Washington Thorn. 


Crataegus cordata. 


8. 


White Oak. 


Quercus alba. 


9- 


Norway Maple. 


Acer platanoides. 


lO. 


Staghorn Sumac. 


Rhus typhina. 


II. 


Fringe Tree. 


Chionanthus Virginica. 


12. 


Fly Honeysuckle. 


Lo nicer a xylosteum. 


13- 


Sycamore Maple 


Acer pseudoplatanus . 


14. 


Garden Red Cherry, Mo- 
rello Cherry. 


Prunus cerasus. 


15- 


Red Maple. 


Acer rubrum. 


16. 


Hackberry, Sugarberry, 
Nettle Tree. 


Celtis Occidentalis. 


17- 


Black Haw. 


Viburnum prunifolium. 


18. 


American or White Elm. 


Fraxinus Americana. 


19. 


Weeping European Silver 


Tilia Europcea, var. argentea 




Linden 


(or alba) pendula. 


20. 


Small-leaved Elm. 


Ulmus parvi folia. 


21, 


Mock Orange or Sweet 
Syringa. 


Philadelphus coronarius. 


22. 


Fly Honeysuckle. 


Lonicera xylosteum. 



342 



23- 

24. 

25- 

26. 
27. 

28. 
29. 

30- 
31- 

33- 
34- 

35- 
36. 
37- 
38. 
39- 
40. 

41. 

42. 
43- 
44. 

45- 

46. 
47. 

48. 

49. 

50 



Common Name 

Fragrant Honeysuckle. 
Panicled Dogwood. 
Wild Yellow or Red Plum. 
Fragrant Honeysuckle. 
Mockernut or Whiteheart 

Hickory. 
European Beech. 
Pin Oak. 
Weeping Golden Bell or 

Forsythia. 
Panicled Hydrangea 

(Large-flowered) . 
European Flowering Ash. 
Cockspur Thorn. 
Indian Currant, Coral 

Berry. 
Sycamore Maple. 
Copper Beech. 
Sweet Gum or Bilsted. 
English Oak. 
Sugar Maple. 
Small-fruited variety of 

the Pignut Hickory. 
Common Sweet Pepper 

Bush. 
Swamp White Oak. 
Black Cherry. 
Norway Spruce. 
Shagbark or Shellbark 

Hickory. 
TuUp Tree. 
American White Ash. 
American Chestnut. 

Butternut. 
Pignut Hickory. 



Botanical Name 

Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Cornus paniculata. 
Prunus Americana. 
Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Carya tomentosa. 

Fagus sylvatica. 
Quercus palustris. 
Forsythia stispensa. 

Hydrangea paniculata, var. 

grandiflora. 
Fraxinus ornus. 
CratcBgus crus-galli. 
Symphoricarpos vulgaris. 

Acer pseudoplatanus. 

Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea. 

Liquidambar styraciflua. 

Quercus robur. 

Acer saccharinum. 

Carya porcina, var. micro 

carpa. 
Clethra alnifolia. 

Quercus bicolor. 
Prunus serotina. 
Picea excelsa. 
Carya alba. 

Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Fraxinus Americana. 
Castanea sativa, var. Ameri- 
cana. 
Juglans cinerea. 
Carya porcina. 



343 



Common Name 

51. Sassafras. 

52. Japan Arbor Vitae (Va- 

riety squarrosa) . 

53. Rhododendron (Rosy- 

lilac colored flowers). 

54. Tree Box or Boxwood. 

55. Oriental Spruce. 

56. Plume-leafed Japan, 

Arbor Vitae. 

57. European White Birch. 

58. Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch, 

Black Birch. 

59. American Gray or White 

Birch. 

60. Washington Thorn. 

61. Pignut Hickory (Small- 

fruited variety) . 

62. Hop Hornbeam or Iron- 

wood. 

63. Giant Arbor Vitas. 

64. Pignut Hickory. 

65. Ninebark (Golden-leaved). 

66. Thunberg's Barberry. 

67. European Silver Linden. 

6S. Black Cherry. 

69. Bald Cypress. 

70. White Willow. 

71. Hop Hornbeam or Iron- 

wood. 

72. Common Locust. 

73. Shadbush, June Berry, 

Service Berry. 

74. Ninebark. 



Botanical Name 

Sassafras officinale. 
ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 

pora) pisifera, var. sqiiar- 

rosa. 
Rhododendron, var. Everestia- 

num. 
Buxiis sempervirens. 
Picea Orientalis. 
ChamcBcyparis (or Retinos- 

pord) pisifera, var. plumosa. 
Betula alba. 
Betula lenta. 

Betula populifolia. 

CratcBgus cordata. 

Carya porcina, var. micro- 

carpa. 
Ostrya Virginica. 

Thuya gigantca. 

Carya porcina. 

Physocarpus (or Spircea) opii- 

lifolia, var. aurea. 
Berberis Thunbergii. 
Tilia EuropcBa, var. argentea 

(or alba). 
Prunus serotina. 
Taxodium distichum. 
Salix alba. 
Ostrya Virginica. 

Robinia pseudacacia. 
Amclanchier Canadensis. 

Physocarpus (or Spircea) opu- 
lifolia. 



344 
Common Name Botanical Name 

75. Choke Cherry. . Prunus Virginiana. 

76. Rhodotypos. Rhodotypos kerrioides. 

77. Umbel-flowered Oleaster. Elcuagnus umbellata. 

78. English Hawthorn. Cratcsgus oxyacantha. 

79. English Oak. Quercusrobur. 

80. American Beech. Fagus ferruginea. 

81. Large-flowered Mock Or- Philadelphus grandiflorus. 

ange or Syringa. 



XVI. 
THE CONCOURSE AND VICINITY 

This Section embraces the larger portion of the most 
beautifully wooded portion of the Park. The formation 
is natural and the paths wind through these sylvan 
glades with all the delightful mystery and charm of the 
country woods. They climb over rocks in delightful 
abandon and loiter by sleeping waters that mirror the 
living green of the trees and the blue of the sky. Over- 
head the swaying canopies of leaves whisper to every 
breeze. Here you can feel far away from the city. 

About the Concourse itself, the high ground gives 
broad and open vistas at every step. The view here, out 
over the northwestern corner of the Park, is impressive, 
with the broad sweeps of lawn, the rolling masses of 
trees and the roofs of the city fading away in the far- 
ther distance. In this area there are not many things 
which you have not come upon in other parts of the 
Park. But some there are, and regarding such, let us 
now consider them in detail : — 

Carya porcina, var. microcarpa. (Small-fruited va- 
riety of the Pignut Hickory. No. 40.) Follow the path 
that runs along the southerly side of "The Concourse" 
to the place where it branches off northeasterly to split 
again, after a short run, into another fork, one branch 
continuing on to meet and cross the Drive, the other to 
run under an Arbor and cross the same Drive some dis- 



346 

tance to the southerly. Just as this last branch forks, 
the one to the right (easterly) as you go northeasterly, 
you will find this hickory. It is a medium sized tree and 
stands just beyond a sugar maple. You can pick it out 
at once by its compound leaves made up of five and 
seven leaflets. The leaflets are long pointed, finely ser- 
rated and rather lance oblong in form. They are quite 
smooth and rather glandular beneath. This tree, on 
account of its bark, which is often shaggy, has been 
called the false shagbark. But its winter buds are very 
different from the shagbark's, being small and ovate, 
while those of the shagbark are fairly large, with 
strong, blackish outer scales, very pubescent on both 
the entire bud and the end twigs. The fruit of the 
microcarpa usually splits only about half way down the 
husk. As I have said before, the winter buds have a 
story of their own, in the identification of the trees. 
Learn to read their story. Especially interesting is it 
in the oaks and hickories. The bud of the shagbark 
has distinct, almost blackish, outer scales, which run 
out into what appear to be small snail-like horns as 3'ou 
see them against the winter's sky. The pignut proper 
has egg-shaped buds, rather pointed, of a smooth red- 
dish brown, not having the conspicuous outer black 
scales of the shagbark. The buds of the microcarpa are 
small and roundish. So you can distinguish these hick- 
ories by the buds alone. The shaggy, ragged bark of 
the shagbark is of itself quite enough to identify this 
tree, when noted, but between the pignut and the micro- 
carpa it is sometimes confusing to discriminate. If it is 
winter, look at the buds; if summer, the leaves. The 



347 

microcarpa generally has five leaflets, but sometimes has 
five and seven. You will find a good pignut, in this 
area, near the old Block House. You will find it easily 
by referring to the map. The leaf-stem of the pignut 
(porcina) is generally smooth — a distinguishing feature 
of the tree. 

Juglans cinerea. {Butternut. White Walnut. No. 
49.) Enter the Park at One Hundred and Tenth Street 
and Central Park West and, after going down the series 
of steps, take the left-hand fork of the Walk and go 
east. This Walk runs almost parallel with One Hun- 
dred and Tenth Street. Follow the Walk until you 
come to a large rock mass which is close to the left of 
the Walk. Just before you come to this rock mass, you 
will pass two hackberries, on the left of the Walk. The 
hackberries are easily recognized by the warty ridges 
and knobs on the lower parts of their trunks. Directly 
back (north) of these two hackberries, close by the 
rock, stands the butternut. It was once a much better 
tree than it is now. You can identify it by its compound 
leaves made up of from eleven to seventeen, round- 
based, oblong-lanceolate leaflets, set in pairs (or nearly 
so), along the sticky, gummy leaf -stalks. The leaflets 
are serrate, downy on the undersides, and have an oily 
feeling to the touch. In their very sticky and gummy 
leaf-stalks and oily leaflets, they differ from the leaves 
of the black walnut. Notice, too, the light gray fur- 
rowed bark that makes you think of the trunk of a 
chestnut, so different from the heavy looking, dark 
bark of the black walnut. The fruit is of a truth a but- 
ternut, with a husk, oily and sticky in the extreme, 



348 

oblong in shape, and very decidedly pointed. The nut 
itself is thick shelled, with irregular, ragged ridges. 
Opposite the butternut, on the right of the Walk, is a 
bald cypress with fine feather-like leaf sprays, and if 
you continue easterly on this Walk, you will find two 
more just before you come to the next fork of the Walk, 
on your right. A fine old black cherry, with rough bark 
and glossy, lance-oblong leaves, stands just beyond, on 
the left of the Walk, facing the little right-hand offshoot 
of the path. Continuing, on the left of the Walk, not 
far from the Seventh Avenue and One Hundred and 
Tenth Street Gate, is sycamore maple, with large, thick, 
five-lobed leaves, on long reddish leaf stems (petioles). 
Morus rubra. {Red Mulberry. No. 6.) If you enter 
the Park at the West One Hundred and Third Street 
Gate, and proceed easterly up some steps to the second 
fork of the Walk, in the V of the fork, almost in the 
point of the V, you will find a fair sample of this tree. 
You see that its leaves are rough and dull green on the 
uppersides — very different from the smooth and shining 
green leaves of the white mulberry. This is one pretty 
good way to note the differences between these two 
mulberries ; the red has very rough, thick leaves which 
are not shining; the white has thin, smooth (upper- 
sides) shining, light green leaves. While you are here 
let me call your attention to the mass of Rose of Sharon., 
at the right of the first set of steps. In between the 
Rose of Sharon and the steps is Reeve's Spirsea, easily 
distinguished by its low form, fine branches, and lance- 
olate leaves. Handsome sweeping masses of Forsythia 
suspensa make a beautiful bank effect, just to the right 



349 

of the first steps, above the spirsea. Some of the leaves 
of the suspensa are distinctly tri-foliate — three together, 
one large and two tiny little ones, at its base. A hand- 
some ailanthus stands by the second flight of steps. In 
the fork by the mulberry, you will find some interesting 
things. Just beyond the mulberry is a Washington 
thorn, known by its thorns and cordate leaves. If you 
take the right-hand branch of the fork here and follow 
it around to a rock mass beyond, about midway between 
fork and lamp, on the left of the Walk, is a good speci- 
men of garden cherry, with reddish-brown, birch-like 
bark. 

Prunus Americana. {Wild Yellozv or Red Plum. 
No. 25.) You can find this tree easily if you keep on 
the path you followed to see the red mulberry, entering 
from West One Hundred and Third Street. Follow 
the branch path around by the rock mass, out upon the 
Concourse Walk, turn ofif at the next fork of the Walk, 
and go southerly. The tree stands by the left of the 
Walk as you bend around to the west. It stands oppo- 
site a black haw and a hackberry, on the south of the 
Walk (your left now). The hackberry has oblique 
leaves and warty ridges on its trunk. The black haw's 
leaves have wings or flanges along their leaf-stems. 
The wild plum is across the Walk, about midway be- 
tween these two trees. It is a low tree, and you can pick 
it out easily by its thorns, for it has plenty of them. Its 
general form is round-headed, and the head is massed 
thick with crooked and crowded branches. The older 
branches are very thorny. In April or May the little 
tree puts out its flowers, very pretty and tender to look 



350 

upon, in close crowded clusters, sessile umbels, near the 
ends of last season's shoots, before the leaves appear. 
They are very plum-like, five-petaled, and white. The 
fruit follows in late summer, still green in August, 
nearly round, or rather roundish egg-shape, a little 
flattened. When ripe it becomes a reddish-orange color. 
The stone is very much flattened, and has an almost 
razor-like border. The leaves of the tree are pubes- 
cent when young, but finally become smooth. They are 
quite long-pointed and have rounded bases. In general 
form they are ovate. Their margins are doubly and 
coarsely serrate. 

Salix alba. (White Willozv. No. 70.) Take the 
right-hand Walk at the Gate, One Hundred and Tenth 
Street and Central Park W^est, and go down the series 
of steps there ; bend to your left, toward the Arch that 
runs under the Drive. In between the steps and the 
wall that carries the Arch and the Drive, you will see 
two willow trees. These are pretty fair examples of the 
white willow. They have lanceolate leaves, narrow and 
pointed, finely serrate and are covered with white, silky 
hairs. These hairs are very dense on the undersides 
of the leaves and give them the white appearance that 
has given the tree its name — white (alba) willow. In 
other parts of the Park you have met the golden willow. 
It is almost the same as the white willow, except that its 
branches and end shoots turn in winter to a beautiful 
brassy yellow. This is the variety vitellina, of the white 
willow. Opposite the white willows here, on the right 
of the Walk, almost directly opposite the last pair of 
steps, are two hop-hornbeams, with shaggy bark. 



351 

Thuya gigantea. (Giant Arbor Vitcu. No. 6;^.) 
Take the path that leads off to southwest from the 
old Block House, crowning the magnificent battlements 
of rock due south from the Gate at Seventh Avenue and 
One Hundred and Tenth Street, past a good-sized shag- 
bark hickory (bark very shaggy on the tree and note 
the buds) and a hop-hornbeam just beyond it, until you 
come to a junction of Walk a short distance, twenty-five 
or thirty feet, to the southwest. In the westerly corner 
of this junction you will find the giant arbor vitse. It 
differs from our common native arbor vitse (Thuya 
O ccidentalis) in having its scale-like leaves larger and 
more pointed. 

While you are here, swing around to your left (east) 
and have a look at the fine old pignut hickory a little 
off to the south of the Walk. Note its smooth leaf- 
stems. A sturdy little black haw stands just a little to 
the southeast of the pignut. The black haw has round- 
ish, plum-like leaves with fine wing-like flanges (dull 
crimson or faintly reddish) along the edges of the leaf- 
stems. 



352 



INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. 



[Numerals in brackets indicate text pages on which the trees 
or shrubs are either mentioned or described. Numerals in 
full face type refer to the explanation tables and numerals 
following the full face type, refer to the tree or shrub number 
on each table.] 



Abele Tree [75], 2, 2,6 ; 14, 67 ; 

15, 104. 
Acacia, Rose [30], i, 46 ; 4, 49. 
Acanthopanax [44], i, 87; 9, 

2. 
Adam's Needle [23], 6, 51; 

10, 78. 
Ailanthus or Tree of Heaven 
[32], I, 42; 2, 90; 5, 107; 
7, 25; 9, 49; iOi 77; 13, 
39; 14, 70; 16, 5. 
Alder, Black, or Common 
Winterberry [65], 2, 34; 
3, 67; 4, 66. 
European [228], i, 67; 5, 

94; 6, 35; 8, 14. 
Green [159], 5, 100. 
Heart-leaved [31], i, 50. 
Mountain [159], 5, 100. 
Smooth [322], 15, 87. 
Tree. See Alder, Euro- 
pean. 
Allspice, Carolina [51], i, 120; 

6, 69. 

Althaea [171], 2, 59; 3, 65; 6, 

16; 8, 36; 16, 2. 
Andromeda, Catesby's [191], 

7, 28, 100; 10, 69; 14, 25. 
Angelica Tree [288], 8, 33 ; 13, 

42. 
Apple, Crab, Double-flower- 
ing [158], 5, 99- 

Crab, Double-flowering 
Chinese [85], 2, 53. 

Crab, Siberian, 2, 17. 



Crab, Soulard's [305], 14, 
63. 
Arbor Vitse, American [170], 
4, 26; 6, I ; 7, 71; 12, 50; 
14, 80. 

Eastern [260], 10, 47. 

Giant [351]. 10, 24; 16, 63. 

Japan, Golden Plume- 
leaved [23], 8, 83; 10, 13; 
12, 44; 

Japan, Pea-fruiting [178], 

6, 49. 

Japan, Plume-leaved [23], 
I, 30; 4, 27; 5, 61; 6, 13, 
70; 7, 2>^; 10, II, 41; 12, 
11; 15, 91; 16, 56. 

Japan, Obtuse-leaved [302], 

14, 49- 
Japan, Variety squarrosa 
[261], 10, 56; 15, 28; 16, 
52. 
Arrowwood [15], i, 15; 5, 391 

7, 44; 9> 13; 13, 48; 15, 
86. 

Maple-leaved [214], 7, 107. 
Ash, American White [79], 2, 

46; 3, 62; 4, 23; 5, 63, 

66; 7, 62; 9, 51; 10, 37; 

12, 48; 15, 79; 16, 47. 
Bosc's Red [48], i, 98. 
European [114], 3, 64; 12, 

58. 
European Flowering [10], 

I, 2; 16, 32. 



353 



European, Weeping [114], 

3, 69. 

Hybrid [69], 2, loi. 
Ashberry. See Barberry, 

Holly-leaved. 
Aucuba, Japan [171], 6, 18. 
Azalea, Caucasian [171], 6, 4. 
Clammy [192], 7, 45. 
Flaming [177], 6, 76, 
Japan [324], 15, 48. 
Lovely [177], 6, 75; 7, 28, 
89; 10, 66, 98; 14, 22; 15, 
40. 
Pink [170], 6, 3; 7, 106. 
White [192], 7, 45. 
Bamboo, Japan [155], 5, 25. 
Barberry, Common [132], 4, 
^56;'!!, 7- 
Holly-leaved [176], 6, 59; 

10, 43; 12, 43; 14, 13. 
Japan. See Barberry, 

Thunberg's. 
Oregon. See Barberry, 

Holly-leaved. 
Siebold's [175], 6, 64. 
Thunberg's [21], 2, 20; 5, 
17; 6, 25, 63; 8, 69; 9, 6; 
10, 30; 12, 8; 15, 68; 16, 
66. 
Basswood [135], 2, 76; 3, 55; 

4, 68; 5, 10; 9, 27; 13, 14; 
15, 20. 

Bay, Rose [207], 6, 78. 

Sweet [172], 5, 8s, 88; 6, 

27; 7, 53, 81; 8, 55; 15, 

22. 
Bayberry [259], 4, 79; 10, 39. 
Beam Tree, White [138], 4, 

44. 
Bee Tree. See Basswood. 
Beech, American [112], 3, 39; 

5, 69; 6, 10; 7, 6; 9, 35; 
14, 42; 15, 3; 16, 80. 

Blue. See Hornbeam, 

American. 



European [289], i, 69; 2, 

40, 44; 3, 36; 4, 70; 5, 43. 

104, 113:8, 13:9, 21; 13, 

21, 26; 14, 81; 15, 76; 16, 

28. 
European Copper [61], 2, 4, 

83; 13, 11; 16, 36. 
European, Cut-leaved[i53], 

5, 31, 119; 6, 52; 8, 38, 

67. 
European Purple [30], i, 

48; 2, 95; 3, 56; 10, 88. 
European Weeping [112], 

3, 42; 7, 76. 
Fern-leaved [22], i, 29. 
Water. See Hornbeam, 

American. 
Bilsted [47], I, 106; 2, 39; 3, 

16; 7, 7; 13, 15; 16, 37. 
Bindweed, Japan Hedge [24], 

i> 13:8, 57- 
Birch, American White or 

Gray [64], i, 119; 9, 24, 

36; 10, 55; 12, 18; 13, 7. 

29; 14, 66; 16, 59. 
Black {nigra) [25], i, 32. 
Black (lenta) [193], 3, 66 ; 7, 

92;9, 55; 13, 53; 15, 92; 

16, 58. 

Canoe [64], 7, 74; 10, 75. 

Cherry, Sweet, or Black 
/^wto [193], 3, 66; 7, 92; 9, 
5S;i3, 53:15, 92:16,58. 

European White [64], i, 
68; 2, 7; 5, 6; 7, 103; 8, 
24, 35, 68, 85; 10, 20, 54; 
12,47, 51; 15, 16, 42; 16, 

European White, Cut- 
leaved Weeping [116], 3, 
73: 10, 31; 12, 5. 

European White, Weeping, 

^ 5, 27; 15, 99. 

European White, Purple- 
leaved [154], 5, 8. 

Paper [64], 7, 74; 10, 75. 



354 



Red or River [25], i, 32 ; 12, 

29; 13, 4- 
River. See Birch, Black 

(nigra) . 
Sweet. See Birch, Cherry, 
Yellow [no], 3, 84. 
Bitternut [194], 7, loS. 
Blackberry 14, 32. 

Cut-leaved [133], 4, 63. 
European [47]. 
Bladder Nut, American [36] 
I, 122. 
European [119], 5, 18. 
Japan [131], 4, 94. 
Bladder Senna [136], 4, 16; 

7,85:8,95. 
Blueberry, Common Swamp. 
See Blueberry, High-bush. 
High-bush [213], 7, 41; 8, 
23 ; 10, 18, 68 ; 12, 49 ; 14, 
21. 
Bocconia [323], 15, 50. 
Box Elder [336], i, 44; 15, 9, 

57- 
Boxwood [52], I, 113; 6, 55; 

10, 38; 12, 14, 53; 14, 18; 

16, 54. 
Buckeye, Red [40], i, 84. 

Yellow or Sweet [39], i , 81. 
Buckthorn, Common [85], i, 

41; 2, 58; 87; 5, 41; 15, 

41. 
Sea [275], 12, 31. 
Butternut [347], 5, 116; 13, 

55; 16, 49. 
Buttonball [87], 4, 5 ; 5, 54 ; 9, 

25; 10, 72. 
Buttonbush [231], 6, 44; 8, 

42; 10, 115. 
Buttonwood [87], 4, 5; 5, 54; 

9, 25; 10, 72. 
Catalpa, Bunge's [231], 8, 43; 

9, 9- 

Dwarf or Japan [231], 8, 

43; 9, 9- 



Hardy or Western [36], i, 

72. 
Southern [22], i, 66; 2, 26; 

3, 79; 4, 21; 5, 38; 6, 31; 
7, 58;8, 50:9,41; 12, 55; 

13, 27; 14, 57; 15, 44- 
Cedar, African [173], 5, 85 ; 6, 

3°- 
Deodar or Indian [325], 15, 

37- 
Japan [196], 7, 24; 10, 45; 

14, 45- 

Lebanon [261], 10, 64; 15, 

67. 
Mount Atlas [173], 5, 85 ; 6, 

30. 
Red [137], 4, 74; 5, 112; 9, 
32; 10, 51; 15, 80. 
^ Silver [173], 5, 85; 6, 30. 
Celandine, Tree [323], 15, 50. 
Cephalotaxus [35], i, 71; 6, 

56; 7, 43; 10, 19, 48. 
Cherry, Bird [203], 7, 26. 
Bird, European [290], 5, 

97; 7, 35; 10, 73; 13, 31- 
Black [138], I, 12 ; 2, 47, 63 ; 

4, 34:5, 12; 68; 6, 11,42; 

7, 5, 91; 8, 40; 9, 38; 10, 
49; 12, 52; 13, 22; 14, 54; 

15, 72; 16, 43> 68. 
Choke 2, 28; 16, 75. 
Cornelian [50], i, no; 5, 

53; 13, 13; 14, 29. 
European [77], 2, 45 ; 4, 73 ; 

8,94. 
Garden Red [349], 5, 29; 9, 

56 ; 16, 14. 
Mahaleb [77], 2, 45; 4, 73; 

8, 94. 

Mazzard [203], 7, 26. 
Morello [349], 5, 29; 9, 56; 

16, 14. 

Chestnut, American [242], i, 
102; 3, 35; 4, 36; 7, 36; 
14, 38; 15, 81; 16, 48. 
Spanish [242], 1,5127 ; 9, 62. 



355 



Chokeberry, Black [131], 4, 

96. 
Common [131], 4, 95. 
Cinquefoil, Shrubby [264], 10, 

103. 
Coffee Tree, Kentucky [69], 2, 

22; 3, 83:7, 5919, 48; II, 

2 ; 12, 16 ; 15, 23, 100. 
Coral Berry [212], 4, 29, 55; 

10, 10; 12, 41 ; 16, 34. 
Cork Tree, Chinese [329], 2, 

35; 5, 35; 12, i; 15, II. 
Corylopsis [195], 7, 67 ; 15, ^3- 
Cotoneaster [117], 3, loi. 
Cottonwood [17], I, 17:2, 18; 

4, 65; 5, 71, 93; 6, 36; 8, 
10; 9, 50; 14, 58; 15, 6. 

Cranberry, Dwarf [264], 10, 

lOI. 

High-bush [212], 6, 68; 10, 

102. 
Cucumber Tree [199], 5, 86 ; 6, 

33'^ 7, 61. 
Cup Plant [67], 2, 29; 4, 32; 

10, 93- 

Currant, Buffalo or Golden 

[208], 7, 96; 8, 47- 

Indian, or Coral Berry 

[212], 4, 29, 55; 10, 10; 

12, 41; 16, 34. 

Missouri [208], 7, 96; 8, 47. 

Cypress, Bald [12], i, 7 ; 3, 37 ; 

5, 59; 8, 21; 9, 57; 10,46; 
14, 59; 15, 88; 16, 69. 

Deutzia, Bush or Fortune's 

[91], 2, 99; 5, 42; 9, 31; 

10, 28. 
Bush or Fortune's, Variety 

Pride of Rochester [9 1], 2, 

100; 7, 105. 
Slender [21], i, 28; 4, 86. 
Devil's Walking Stick [288], 
^ 8, 33; 13,42. 
Dockmackie [214], 7, 107. 
Dogwood, Alternate-leaved 

[135]. 3, 91; 4, 77; 6, 47; 

10, 113. 



Flowering [106], 3, 48; 7, 
37, 88; 8, 15, 26; 9, 29; 
14, 46; 15, 84. 

Panicled [46], i, 99 ; 5, 1 1 1 ; 
10, 35, 36; 16, 24. 

Red-stemmed [134], 3, S?>; 

4, 84; 5, 36; 9, 47. 

Red Osier [43], i, 4; 3, 72; 

5, io5;7, 47:8,54,84:9, 
28; 12, 9; 14, 17; 15, loi. 

Silky. See Dogwood, Swamp. 

Swamp or Silky [243], 4, 

67; 9, 23; 10, 86. 

White-fruited [134], 3, 

88; 4, 84:5, 36:9, 47- 

Elder, Common [139], 4, 90; 

8, 46 ; 14, 62. 
European [290], 13, 18. 
Mountain or Red-berried 

[39], I, 123. 
Elm, American or White [12], 
I, i; 2, 12; 3, 68; 4, 18, 
30, 38, 54:5, 14, 48, 108; 

9, 5; 10, 16, 58; 13, 9; 14, 
8; 16, 18. 

American Cork [309], 14, 

12. 
Camperdown [115], 3, 61. 
English [82], I, 55; 2, 2; 3, 

3, 31:4, 43; 5, 47, n\ 9, 

20; II, 9; 14, 4; 15, 78. 
English Cork-bark 4, 3 ; 5, 

102 ; 9, 61. 
English, Long-stemmed 

[157], 5, 32. 
English, Purple-leaved 

[334], 15, 14- 
English, Smooth-leaved 

[39], I, 76; II, 10. 
Field. See Elm, English. 
Red [212], 7, 98. 
Rock [309], 14, 12. 
Scotch or Wych [66], i, 35, 

78; 2, 13; 3, 46;4, 17; 5, 

56, 65, 75; 8, 91; 9, 46; 

10, 108; II, 6; 14, 39. 



356 



Siberian [iii], 3, 54; 16, 20. 
Slippery [212], 7, 98; 8, 76. 
Small-leaved or Siberian 

[hi], 3, 54; 16, 20. 
Wych. See Elm, Scotch. 
Fir, Cephalonian Silver, 10, 70. 
Nordmann's Silver [155], 3> 
22; 5, 13, 81; 10, 6; 12, 

34; 15, 30- 
Fontanesia [265], i, 107; 4, 

48; 10, 9; 14, 74- 
Forsythia [15], i, 18. 

Weeping [41], 1,62; 2, 89; 

4, 13; 10, 61; 14, 35; 15, 

61; 16, 4, 30. 
Fringe Tree [51], i, 116; 3, 6, 

94; 5, 98; 8, 20, 48; 16, 

II. 
Ginkgo Tree or Maidenhair 

Tree [119], 3, 75; 5, 64; 

12, 33'^ 15, 105. 

Globe Flower, Japan Rose or 
Kerria. See Kerria. 

Golden Bell or Forsythia. See 
Forsythia. 

Golden Bell, Weeping. See 
Forsythia, Weeping. 

Groundsel Tree [226], 8, 9. 

Guelder Rose [176], 4, 51; 5, 
51; 6, 67; 10, 99. 

Hackberry, Sugarberry, or 
Nettle Tree [105], 3, 2 ; 4, 
85:7, 56; 8, 8, 75; 10, 2; 

13, 12; 14, 71; 15, 19; 16, 
16. 

Haw, Black [32], i, 11; 2, 84; 
4, 37; 5, 40; 9, 18; 10, 22; 
12, 2; 13, 47; 15, 52; 16, 

Hawthorn, Dotted-fruited 
[45], I, 93; 12, 27. 

English [29], I, 40, 91; 2, 
65; 3, 10; 7, 32; 8, 5; II, 
5; 13, 50; 14, 52, 76, 79; 
16, 78. 

English (Pink Single Flow- 
ers) [175], 6, 48. 



English (Pink Double Flow- 
ers) [69]. 
Large-thorned [42], i, 63; 
8, 89; 12, 26; 15, 34. 
Hawthorn {See also Thorn). 
Hazel, American [141], 4, 33; 
8,86; 14, 77- 
European [155], 3, 90. 
European, Purple-leaved 
[154], I, 117; 5, 9, 57; 8, 
51; 15, 36. 
Heather, 10, 97. 
Hemlock [137], 3, 13 ; 4, 28 ; 7, 

64; 10, 21; 14, 48. 
Hercules's Club [288], 8, zz; 

13, 42. 
Hickory, Bitternut [194]. 7> 
108. 
Broom. See Hickory, Pig- 
nut. 
Mockemut or White-heart 
[307], I, 105:7, 2, 90; 13, 
20; 14, 20; 16, 27. 
Pignut [90], 1,92, 97; 2, 64; 
4,40, 42; 7, i; 13, 17; 14, 
53; 16, 50, 64. 
Pignut, Small-fruited [345], 

3, 19; 16, 40, 61. 
Shagbark [67], i, 95; 2, 31; 
3, 17,44:7, 3; 10, 25: 13, 
54: 14,41, 51; 15, 18: 16, 

45- 
Shellbark. See Hickory 

Shagbark. 
Swamp [194], 7> 108. 
Holly, American [66], 2, 30 ; 7, 

40: 15, 47- 
European [177], o, 74. 
Japan [177], 6, 77: 10, no: 

15, 66. 
Honeysuckle, European [19], 

I, 27. 
Fly [72], 2, 21 ; 10, 12, 22. 
Fragrant [38], i, 56, 77: 2, 

24: 3, 14:4, 61: 5, 89; 6, 

22: 7, 94: 10, 79: 12, 15: 

13,44: 14, 10; 16, 23, 26. 



357 



Morrow's [117], 3» 87. 
Standish's [49], i, 118; 8, 

88; 13, 41. 
Tartarian [225], i, 126; 8, 

2 ; 10, 80, 94. 
Tartarian. Variety alba 

[263], 10, 94. 
White Swamp [192], 7, 45. 
Wild [170], 6, 3 ; 7, 106. 
Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil 

[52], I, 114; 2, 78; 3, 76; 

4, 4; 8, 22. 
Hornbeam, American [73], i, 

10, 47;2, 19:3, i8;4, 22; 

5, 106; 8, 74; 9, 19; 14, 
31; 15, 8; 16, I. 

European [44], 10, 90. 
Hop [d,^], 2, 51; 9, 63; 13, 
24; 15, 82 ; 16, 62, 71. 
Horsechestnut, Common [40], 
I, 64; 2, i; 3, 45; 5, no; 
9, 45; 12, 46; 13, 3; 14, 
40; 15, 24, 69. 
Dwarf or Large-racemed 

[190], 7, 4. 
Red-flowering [241], 9, 43. 
Hydrangea, Climbing [210], 

7, 57- 
Garden [176], 6, 60. 
Hardy or Panicled [116], i, 

58; 3, 71; 5, 22; 16, 31. 
Oak-leaved [51], i, 115. 
Panicled. See Hydrangea, 

Hardy. 
Snowy [64], 2, 9. 
Idesia [328], 15, 21. 
Indian Bean Tree. See Ca- 

talpa, Southern. 
Indigo, False [70], 2, 25, 93. 
Tronwood [83], 2, 51; 9, 63; 
13, 24; 15, 82; 16, 62, 71. 
Ivy, Japan [47]. 
Japan Zebra Grass [171], 4, 

76:6, 15. 
Jessamine, Early-flowering, 
[171], 6, 6; 15, 46. 



Judas Tree or Redbud [^3], i, 
90; 3, 7; 8, 4. 
Japan [171], 6, 5. 
June Berry [50], i, iii;3, 15; 
5, 50; 7, 52; 8, 25; 12,32; 
14, 47; 16, 73. 
Jumper, Chinese [261], 8, 82; 
10, 14; 12, 30. 
Prostrate [260], 10, 23. 
Savin [264], 10, 100. 
Scaled [262], 6, 58; 10, 85. 
Katsura Tree [326], 15, 45. 
Kentucky Coffee Tree [69], 2, 
22;3,83;7,59;9,48;ii, 
2 ; 12, 16 ; 15, 23, 100. 
Kerria [19], i, 21; 7, 10 1; 8, 
92. 
Double-flowered 10, 15, 59. 
Kinnikinnik [243], 4, 67; 9, 

23; 10, 86. 
Koelrenteria or Varnish Tree 
[17], I, 19:5, 82; 6, 23; 8, 
18; 15, 98. 
Larch, Chinese Golden [258], 
10, 40. 

European [265], 7, 83; 10, 

4, in; 14, 56; 15, 55, 71. 

European, Weeping, 10, 

53- 
Laurel, Great [207], 6, 78. 

Mountain [198], 7, 51. 
Lemon, Japan [44], i, 88; 15, 

38. 
Lilac, Chinese [132], 4, 81; 5, 

US- 
Common, 7, 77, 109; 9, 34. 
Josika [132], 4, 80; 9, 12. 
Pekin [132], 4, 91. 
Persian [175], i, 108; 6, 66; 

7, 70; 9, 33- 
Lily, Day [270], 9, 59; 11, i. 

Mound [132], 4, 57. 
Lily of the Valley Tree [301], 

10, 67; 14, 22; 15, 49. 
Linden, American [88], 2, 76; 

3, 55; 4, 68; 5, 10; 9, 27; 

13, 14; 15, 20. 



358 



Crimean [308], 14, 2. 
European [76], 2, 42 ; 3, 50 ; 

7, 84; 8, 66; 9, II, 58; 
13, 23; 15, 106. 

European, Broad-leaved, 9, 

60. 
European Silver [61]. 2, 3; 

II, 12; 13,46; 15,95; 16, 

67. 
European Silver, Weeping 

[^33], 3, 57; 4,64; 5, 70; 

8, 65; 13, 5, 45; 16, 19. 
Locust, Bristly, Rose Acacia 

or Moss Locust [3 o] , i , 46 ; 

4, 97- 

Common [117], 1,45; 2, 57; 
3, 12; 8, 19; g, 44; 14, 
72; 15, 96; 16, 72. 

Honey [28], i, 39; 2, 43; 3, 
6o;4,52;8,3; 10,89; n, 
4; 13, i; 14, 69; 15, 4. 

Moss [30], I, 46; 4, 97. 
Magnolia, Chinese White or 
Yulan [142], 4, 72 ; 7, 27 ; 

9, 40. 

Great-leaved [174], 5, 95 ; 6, 

34; 7, 80. 
Hall's Japan [38], i, 74. 
Mountain [199], 5, 86; 6, 

33'^ 7, 61. 
Purple [171], 6, 19. 
Soulange's [200], 6, 71; 7, 

17- 

Swamp [172], 5, 83, 88; o, 
27; 7, 53, 81; 8, 55; 15, 
22. 
Maidenhair Tree [119], 3, 75; 

5, 64; 12, 33; 15, 105. 
Mallow, California Rose [156], 

5, 121. 
Maple, Ash-leaved or Box 
Elder [336], i, 44; i5, 9, 

57- 
Black Sugar or Black [287], 

13, 52. 
Colchicum-leaved [143], 4, 
69. 



English or Field [20], i, 24; 

2, 15- 
Italian [319], 15, 31- 
Japan [154], 5, 2; 9, 17. 
Large-leaved [319], 15, 35. 
Mountain [189], 7, 65. 
Norway [84], i, 104; 2, 75; 

4, II, 53, 71; 5, 120; 8, 
17; 9, 4; 10, 32, 84; 12, 
20; 13, 6; 14, 6; 15, 15; 
16, 9. 

Norway, Purple-leaved, 5, 

37- 
Oregon [319], 15, 35. 
Red [81], I, 49, 82; 2, 10; 3, 

47; 4, 31; 5, 44; 7, 49; 8, 

11; 9, 37; 10, 26; 12, 42; 

13,38; 14, 11; 15, 58; 16, 

15- 
Rock [84], 2, 38; 4, 19; 5, 

34; 6, 81; 10, 27; 13, 8; 

14, 5; 16, 39. 
Silver or White [137], i, 3; 

2, 23, 49; 3, 52; 4, 2, 25; 

5, 46; 7, 86; 8, 6; 13,43; 
14, 43; 15, 102. 

Striped [321], 15, 12. 
Sugar [84], 2, 38; 4, 19; 5, 

34; 6, 81; 10, 27; 13, 8; 

14, 5; 16, 39. 
Sycamore [26], i, 33 ; 2, 82 ; 

3, 11; 4, 10; 5, 49, 55; 

9, 54; II, 3; 12,61; 13, 2; 
14, 73; 15, 25; 16, 13, 35. 

Sycamore, Purple-leaved 
[40], I, 83. ^. , 

Tartarian, Variety Gtnnala 
[190], 7, 66. 
Matrimony Vine [33], 2, 92 ; 4, 

59- 
Moosewood [321], 15, 12. 
Mountain-ash, European 

[333], 15, 75- ^ 
Mulberry, Paper [74], 2, 33 ; 

10, 87. 

Red [348], 2, 41; 10, 3; 16, 
6. 



359 



White [92], I, 34; 2, 54; 3, 

70; 4, 47, 75; 8, 87; 12, 

38; 15, 13- 
Myrtle, Wax [259], 4, 79; 10, 

39- 
Nannyberry [291], 13, 40. 
Nettle Tree. See Hackberry. 
Ninebark [18], i, 25; 2, 8; 5, 

79; 10, 42; 12, 3; 13, 37; 

15, n\ 16, 74. 

Golden-leaved [20], i, 26; 

16, 65. 

Oak, Black [204], 7, 16 ; 8, 90 ; 

14, 78; 15, TT. 

Bur or Mossy Cup [113], 3, 

38; 8, 56. 
Chestnut [71], 2, 14; 4, 35. 
English [34], I, 59; 2, 70; 3, 

25- 82; 5, i; 9, 8, 42; 13, 

25; 15, 27; 16, 2>^, 79. 
English, Weeping [107], 3, 

26. 
Laurel [159]. 5, 72. 
Mossy Cup [113], 3, 38; 8, 

56. 
Overcup. See Oak, Mossy 

Cup. 
Pin or Swamp Spanish [82], 

2, 94; 3, 41; 4, 6; 5, 45; 6, 
40; 7, 8, 22, 30, 1 10; 9, 3; 
10, 17; II, 8; 12, 57; 13, 
2>2>'^ 14, 3; 15, 2; 16, 29. 

Post [205], 7, 23. 
Pyramid [107], 3, 24. 
Red [34], I, 57; 3, 2914, 9; 

5, 77; 6, 9; 7, 95; 12, 60; 

13,49; 14, 55; 15, 53. 59- 
Scarlet [m], i, 36; 2, 11; 

3, 53; 4, 39; 6, 41, 57; 7, 
15; 8, 77; 13, 35; 14, 65; 

15, 62. 

Shingle [159], 5, 72. 
Swamp Spanish. See Oak 
Pin. 



Swamp White [306], 2, 48; 

3, 43; 4, 7; 5, 117; 6, 43; 

8, 28; 12, 40; 13, 51; 14, 

24; 16, 42. 
Turkey [91], 2, 69:3, 33:4, 

8;8, 32,9, 10; 10, 71; II, 

11; 12, 23; 13, 28; 15, 5. 
White [81], I, 96; 2, 50; 3, 

81; 4, 41; 7, 14; 14, 64; 

16, 8. 
Willow [156], 5, 19, 76. 
Oleaster or Wild Olive [72], 2, 

6 ; 10, 92, 105. 
Japan [175]. 

Many-flowered [87], 2, 73. 
Umbel-flowered [154], 5, 5; 

16, 77. 
Olive, Wild. See Oleaster. 
Orange, Mock. See Syringa. 
Osage [134], I, 112; 3, 5; 4, 

12; 7, 87:8, 16 ; 10, 5 ; 14, 

75- 
Osier, European or Siberian 

Red[i34], 3,88;4,84;5, 

36; 9, 47- 
Wild Red [43], I, 4; 3, 72; 

5, 105:7, 47; 8, 54, 84:9, 

28; 12, 9; 14, 17; 15, lOI. 
Pagoda Tree, Japan [115], i, 

103; 3, 74; 7, 78; 8, 34. 
Paulownia, Imperial [22], i, 

31; 2, 68; 5, 60; 6, 24; 7, 

73 ; 8, 52 ; 12, 54. 
Pea Tree, Siberian [84], 2, 80, 

88; 3, 63; 7, 79; 12, 24. 
Pear, Common [70], 2, 96; 3, 

30- 
Pearl Bush [133], i, 73 ; 4, 58. 
Pepper Bush, Common 

Sweet [66], i, 9; 16, 41. 
Pepperidge [90], 2, 62; 3, 51. 
Persimmon [45], i, 94 ; 5, 103 ; 

7,48. 
Pine, Austrian [14], i, 16; 2, 

66, 81; 5, 3; 6, 80; 7, 99; 

8, 79; 10, 12 ; 12, 10; 14, 

27; 15, 29, 39. 



36o 



Bhotan[93], 6, 53:7, 9; 10, 

34; 12, 22; 14, 33. 
Corsican [107], 3, 23. 
Mugho [260], 5, 4; 10, 44; 

12, 3>1- 

Scotch [94], I, 61; 4, 20; 5, 

74; 7, 11; 10, I, 29; 12, 

19. 
Swiss Stone [93], 6, 54; 9, 

39; 10, 57; 14, 28. 
Western Yellow [202], 7, 

82; 15, 26. 
White [93], I, 5; 2, 52; 3, 

49; 4, 14; 5, 78; 6, 29; 7, 

13, 60; 8, 80; 10, 63 ; 12, 

17; 15, 97- 
Yellow [278], 12, 21. 
Pink, Moss or Ground, 10, 60. 
Pinxter Flower [170], 6, 3 ; 7, 

106. 
Plane Tree, Oriental [87], 2, 

7i,9i;3, 4o;5, 67:8, 64; 

9, 52; 12, 45; 13, 10. 

Plum, Beach [173], 5, 91; 6, 
82. 
Wild Yellow or Red [349], 
16, 25. 
Plume Grass [155], 5, 24. 
Japan [171], 6, 12. 
Japan, Variegated [155], 5, 
26. 
Poplar, Carolina. See Cot- 
tonwood. 
Lombardy [263], i, 52; 10, 

95; 12, 4; 14, i; 15, I. 
White or Abele Tree [75], 2, 
36; 14, 67,; 15, 104. 
Poppy, Plume [323], 15, 50. 
Privet, Californian [9], i, 20; 
2, 37; 5, 52; 15, 103. 
Chinese [132], i, 124; 4, 98. 
Common [9], i, 14; 2, 55 ; 9, 

30- 
Italian [225], 8, 27. 
Quince, Common [279], 12, 
28. 



Japan [49], i, 8, 109 ; 2, 97 ; 
3, i; 5, 87; 6, 20; 8, 12, 
61, 62. 

Raspberry, Double-flowered 
European [47], i, 100. 
Purple-flowering [209], 7, 
97 ; 10, 112. 

Redbud [33], i, 90; 3, 718, 4. 

Retinospora. See Arbor Vit(S , 
Japan. 

Rhododendron, Everestian- 
um [176], 6, 21, 7, 29, 46; 
16, 53- 
Various kinds [177], 6, 7, 
72. 

Rhodotypos [11], i, 22; 2, 74, 
79; 4, 62; 5, 90; 6, 38; 8, 
39; 12, 62, 14, 14; 16, 76. 

Rose Acacia. See Bristly Lo- 
cust. 
Rose, Cabbage, Hundred- 
leaved, or Provence 
[118], 3, 93- 
Canker [263], 10, 96, 109. 
Dog [263J, 10, 96, 109. 
Early Wild [132], 4, 93. 
Hundred-leaved [118], 3, 

93- 
Jacqueminot [171], 6, 17. 
Japan. See Rose, Ramanas. 
Many-flowered, 3, 97 ; 15, 7. 
Meadow [132], 4, 93. 
Prairie [118], 3, 98; 4, 60, 

92. 
Provence [118], 3, 93. 
Ramanas [139], 4, 49, 87 ; 5, 

16, 92; 6, 65; 9, 15; 13, 

19. 
Russell's Cottage [172], 6, 

26. 
Thornless [171], 6, 14. 
Wild Brier [263], 10, 96,109. 
Wild Climbing, 3, 98 ; 4, 60, 

92. 



36i 



Rose of Sharon or Althsea 
[171], 2, 59; 3, 65; 6, 16; 
8, 36; 16, 2. 

Rowan Tree [333], 15, 75. 

Sassafras [45], i, 43 ; 2, 32 : 3, 
80; 5, 118; 6, 39; 7, 19, 
57; 8, 44; 12, 59; 13, 34; 
14, 60; 15, 56; 16, 51. 

Senna, Bladder [136], 4, 16 ; 7, 

85:8,95- 
Service Berry. See Shad- 

biish. 
Shadbush, June Berry, or 

Service Berry [50], i, 

iii;3, 15:5, 50; 7, 52; 8, 

25; 12,32; 14,47; 16, 73. 
Japan [131], 5, 20; 12, 6. 
Sheepberry [291], 13, 40. 

Shrub Yellowroot [119], 3, 

92; 7, 42. 
Silverbell Tree [109], 3, 32 ; 7, 

69; 15, 10. 
Smoke Tree [68], 2, 27; 10, 

114; 14, 44. 
Snowball, Common [176], 4, 

51; 5, 51; 6, 67; 10, 99. 
Japan [155], 5, 11; 9, 7; 12, 

7- 
Snowberry [211], 7, 72. 

Sorrel Tree [303], 5, 109114, 

15- 
Sour Gum [90], 2, 62; 3, 51. 

Sourwood [303], 5, 109; 14, 

15- 
Spicebush [62], 2, 5; 3, 4; 6, 
46; 7, 55; 8, 81; 15, 64, 

. 85- 
Spindle Tree, Japan, 7, 54. 

Thunberg's [302], 14, 7. 

Winged [302], 14, 7. 
Grumman March 13 

Spiraea, Bridal Wreath, 

double-flowered [115], i, 
i2i; 3, 86. 

Bumald's [244], 9, near 26. 

Douglas's [261], 10, 81. 



Fortune's White [234], 3, 

96; 8, 93. 
Lance-leaved See Spircca, 

Reeve's. 
Mountain- ash-leaved [140] 

4,83. 
Reeve's or Lance-leaved 
[115]. 3, 85; 8, I, 70; 10, 
76, 116; 12, 13; 13, 16; 
15, 89; 16, 3. 
Siberian [140], 4, 83. 
Van Houtte's [18], i, 65 ; 8, 
71; 10, 83. 
Spruce, Colorado Blue [201], 
7, 12; 10, 52. 
Douglas [204], 7, 10; 10, 50. 
Eastern [330], 5, 80; 10, 7, 

104; 15, 90; 16, 55. 
Norway [139], 4, 46 ; 10, ^3 ; 

12, 39; 15, 54; 16, 64. 
Oriental [330], 5, So; 10, 7, 

104; 15, 90; 16, 55. 
Silver [201], 7, 12. 
Staggerbush, 6, 8. 
Storax, Japan [244], 9, 26. 
Strawberry Bush, American 

[116], 3, 100; 4, 78. 
Strawberry Shrub, Sweet- 
scented [51], I, 120; 6, 
69. 
Stuartia [172], 5, 84; 6, 28. 
Sugarberry. See Hackherry. 
Sumac, Dwarf Mountain [28], 

I, Z1\ 4, 45; 14, 2>1\ 15, 

70. 
Smooth [31], 1,51; 15, 60, 

74. 
Staghorn [31], i, 60; 7, 50; 

14, 19; 30; 16, 10. 
Sweet Bay. See Magnolia, 

Swamp. 
Sweet Gum or Bilsted [47], i, 

io6;2, 39:3, i6;7, 7; 13, 

15; 16, 37. 
Sweetbrier [118], 3, 95 ; 7, 63 . 
Sycamore, American [^'j], 4, 

5; 5, 54; 9, 25; 10,72. 



362 



Syringa, Gordon's [52], i, 129; 

3, 77- 
Large-flowered [25], i, 70, 

7512, 60, 6i;4,88;8, 78; 

16, 81. 
Scentless [231], i, 128; 8, 

45- 
Small-leaved [229], 8, 53. 
Sweet [106], I, 89; 3, 9; 4, 

89; 7, 102 ; 8, 41, 60; 14, 

16; 15, 93; 16, 21. 
Sweet Golden-leaved [241], 

9, 16. 

White Stamened [230], 8, 

31- 
Tamarisk, French [27], i, 38; 
2, 72; 3, 27; 7, 20. 
Late-flowering [44], i, 85. 
Thorn, Barbary Box. See 

Matrimony Vine. 

Thorn, Cockspur [47], 1,53,80, 

loi; 2, 77; 4, 15, 50; 6, 

61; 7, 34; 8, 29; 9, i; 10, 

8; 12, 25; 16, S3- 

Cockspur, Variety pyra- 

canthafolia [327], 15, 32. 

Evergreen or Fire [264], 4, 

I ; 10, 106. 
Scarlet-fruited [71], 2, 16; 
7, 39; 8, 30. 73; 13, 36; 

15, 51- 

Washington [43], i, 86; 2, 
56; 7, 104; 8, 7; 15, 94; 

16, 7, 60. 

White. See Thorn, Scarlet- 
fruited. 
Thorn. See also Hawthorn. 
Tree Box. See Boxwood. 
Tree Celandine [323], 15, 50. 
Tree of Heaven [32], i, 42 ; 2, 
90; 5, 107; 7, 25; 9, 49; 

10, 77; 13, 39; 14, 70; 16, 

5- 
Trefoil, Shrubby [52], i, 114; 

2, 78; 3, 76:4, 4; 8, 22. 



Tulip Tree [89], 2, 67:3, 58; 

4, 24:7, 93; 8, 53; 12,36; 

13, 30; 14,61; 15,83; 16, 
46. 

Tupelo [90], 2, 62; 3, 51. 
Umbrella Tree [108], 3, 28 ; 5, 

96; 6, 32; 7, 68; 8, 63. 
Varnish Tree [17], i, 19; 5, 

82; 6, 23; 8, 18; 15, 98. 
Viburnum, Japonicum or 

Japan [92], 2, 85; 3, 59; 

14, 9- 

Siebold's [156], 5, 21, 
Sweet [291], 13, 40. 
Walnut, Black [109], 2, 86; 3, 
34; 14, 68; 15, 17. 

White [347], 5, 116; 13, 55; 
16, 49. 
Waxberry [259], 4, 79; 10, 39. 

Waxberry (Snowberry) [211], 

7, 72. 
Wayfaring Tree, European 

[231], 8, 49:9, 14- 
Weigela [117], i, 23, 125; 3, 
89; 5, 33^ 114; 6, 37; 8, 
37; 12, 12. 
Variegated, 6, 62. 
Whistle wood [321], 15, 12. 
Wild Brier. See Dog Rose or 

Canker Rose. 
Willow, Babylonian [13], i, 
6; 6, 45; 7, 31; 8» 58; 
9, 22; 15, 107. 
Bay or Laurel-leaved [153], 

I, 54; 5, 28. 
Black [158], 5, loi. 
Golden or Yellow [156], 5, 

30- 
Laurel-leaved [153], i, 541 

5, 28. 
Rosemary-leaved [153], 5, 

23; 10, 91. 
Virginia [174], 6, 79. 
Weeping [13], i, 6 ; 6, 45 ; 7, 

31; 8, 58; 9, 22; 15, 107. 
White [350], 16, 70. 



3^3 



Winterberry, Common [65], 
2, 34; 3, 67; 4, 66. 

Wistaria, Chinese [169], 3, 8; 
6,2. 

Witch Hazel [121], 3, 78; 7, 
18, 21; 8, 72; 13, 32; 14, 

50; 15, 43- 
Withe Rod, 3, 99. 
Yellowroot, Shrub [119], 3, 

92; 7, 42. 
Yellowwood[i58],5, 58 ; 15,65. 
Yew, European or English 

[176], 3, 21; 5, 7, 62; 6, 

73; 7, 33 > 10. 65; 12, 35; 

14, 26. 



European or English, Pros- 
trate [277], 12,56; 15,63. 

European or English, Var- 
iety Elegantissiwia [265], 
10, 107. 

Irish [308], 6, 50; 10, 82; 
14, 23. 

Japan [261], 10, 62. 

Japan, Abrupt-leaved [107] 
3, 20; 5, 15. 
Yulan [142], 4, 72; 7, 27; 9, 

40. 
Zebra Grass, Japan, [171], 4, 
76; 6, 15. 



.♦ Rotes 



.Rotes. . 



..notes. 



MAR 22 5905 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



DDDmilb23D 



